Abstract: An air cap for keeping a spray nozzle with a flat spray clean is presented. The air cap contain the nozzle and has a slit for the spray from the nozzle, through which opening an air flow is flowing in the same direction as the flat spray from the nozzle. The air cap is divided into a back component comprising an internal thread, and a front component comprising the slit. The components are rotatable relative to one another.

Abstract: A diverter for arrangement in a pipe, a barrel or a tower, and including an even number (?4) of conical cavities arranged annularly, all of the conical cavities converging at the center of the diverter. The intersection point of the axial lines of the odd numbered conical cavities and the intersection point of the axial lines of the even numbered conical cavities are located at both sides of and symmetrical about the center of the diverter. As fluid flows through the diverter, the fluid material in the central fluid and edge zones interchange position and produce three-dimensionally intersecting flow. The diverter can efficiently improve the effects of heat and mass transfer, and can be widely used in static mixers, heat exchangers for fluid with high viscosity, temperature homogenizers of the exit of the screw extruder, high efficiency pipe reactors, and in the occasions of fluid-fluid extraction, solid-fluid extraction, etc.

Abstract: A durable water heating system providing rapid hot water delivery includes a water heating unit connected to a water source. A hot water line connects the water heating unit to at least one water delivery fixture. A return line of substantially the first cross-section connects to the hot water line adjacent the water delivery fixture located at a greatest distance from the water heating unit. A flow velocity reduction device has a first end, a second end, a first cross-section, an aperture and that extends from the first end to the second end. The aperture and has a second cross-section smaller than the first cross-section. Attachment fittings are provided adjacent the first and second ends. When the device is installed in the return line, velocity of water circulating through the system will be substantially reduced, thereby reducing wear on the system while providing rapid hot water delivery at the fixture.

Abstract: Flow straightener for a flowmeter, in particular an ultrasonic metering device, which can be fitted into a flow pipe which is upstream of or in the flowmeter and through which the fluid to be measured flows with a main direction of flow (H), comprising a number of vanes (11, 12, 16, 17), which each have surfaces (13) that are parallel to one another and, in the fitted position, run parallel to the main direction of flow (H) of the fluid to be measured, the vanes (11, 12, 16, 17) being arranged in such a way that, in the fitted position, the flow cross section (Q) of the fluid-carrying flow pipe is subdivided into a number of partial cross sections (TQ1,2,3,4,5), at least some of the partial cross sections (TQ1,2,3,4,5) being of different sizes.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for reducing pressure and velocity of a particulate-laden, supersonic vent gas stream from a pressure vessel such as an autoclave. The apparatus includes a diverging duct in which the vent gas expands, and a perforated plate located inside the diverging duct. The perforated plate provides an area reduction that increases back pressure and forces an upstream normal shock in the diverging duct, thereby bringing about a desired reduction in pressure and velocity. The perforated plate is comprised of a material, such as a ceramic, that is resistant to erosion by the abrasive particulate entrained in the high velocity vent gas. The perforated plate has a central portion provided with holes and an imperforate peripheral portion which is resiliently received between connection flanges of the duct.

Abstract: A fuel injector with various embodiments of a annular damper member that reduces noise generated between a valve group subassembly and a power group subassembly during operation of the fuel injector. A mass annular damper member is also shown and described. A method of reducing sound in the valve group subassembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A flow restriction or metering device for a refrigerant system includes a crimped or otherwise formed tubular insert that is installed within a standard flare fitting. The flare fitting can be similar to those used for coupling two refrigerant lines, or the fitting can be part of a service valve, such as those used for charging, discharging, or servicing refrigerant systems. The insert provides a fixed orifice having a predetermined flow coefficient. The insert is removably clamped within the fitting and extends into a refrigerant line that connects to the fitting.

Abstract: A filling nozzle is provided which has a high flow straightening effect and is capable of forming a stable liquid flow of a circular cross section. In a filling nozzle in which a flow straightening member for straightening the flow of liquid is arranged in a hollow nozzle body, a flow straightening plate with a multitude of fine holes formed therethrough so as to pass the liquid therethrough is used a the flow straightening member, and a divergent chamfered portion, which act as a guide means for guiding fine streams of liquid flowing out from adjacent individual fine holes in a direction to bring them into contact with one another, is formed on an opening edge of an outlet of each fine hole on an outlet side surface of the flow straightening plate.

Abstract: Nozzle apparatus and methods for producing a flow stream for ultrasonic testing are disclosed. In one embodiment, a nozzle assembly includes an outerbody and an innerbody disposed within the outerbody. The innerbody includes a first portion adapted to receive a fluid medium radially through a plurality of first baffle apertures into a first chamber, and a second portion adapted to provide a first passage for the fluid medium from the first chamber to a second chamber. The innerbody further includes a third portion adapted to receive the fluid medium radially through a plurality of second baffle apertures into a third chamber, and a fourth portion adapted to provide a second passage for the fluid medium from the third chamber to an exit aperture.

Abstract: A dispenser for dispensing a liquid includes a chamber holding a supply of liquid, an annular conduit substantially filled with liquid from the chamber, and a thermoelectric transducer near one end of the annular conduit. Upon application of electrical current to the thermoelectric transducer, the transducer operates to cause boiling of a quantity of liquid in the annular conduit. Expansion of a resulting bubble forces liquid out the end of the annular conduit. The dispenser may include battery powered electronic control circuit that includes a supercapacitor. The liquid may be dispensed in periodic bursts. In one application, the dispenser is especially suited to automatically and unobtrusively dispense a fragrance, perfume, or other personal care liquid worn by a person. In some applications, the dispenser may be worn on or under an article of clothing, or attached to an article of jewelry.

Abstract: An apparatus for redirecting a medium flowing in a pipeline. The apparatus includes a plurality of individual tubes and at least a first perforated plate and a second perforated plate having a plurality of perforations, wherein the first perforated plate is provided in the region of the inlet and wherein the second perforated plate is provided in the region of the outlet for the purpose of holding and guiding the individual tubes. The number of perforations in the two perforated plates corresponds to the number of individual tubes, wherein the individual tubes each bend in a central region by a predetermined bending angle, wherein the bending angle of each individual tube is so selected, that the individual tubes form a bundle having an essentially circular cross section. The individual tubes extend in the bundle essentially parallel to one another, and wherein the inlet region and the outlet region of each individual tube are straight.

Abstract: An orifice plate carrier for positioning an orifice plate within an orifice fitting to measure fluid flow rate through a conduit is disclosed. In some embodiments, the plate carrier has an opening therethrough and an inner surface surrounding the opening. A lip extends radially from the inner surface to support an orifice plate assembly with an orifice plate disposed therein. At least one flow port extends through the body. Each flow port is configured to allow fluid therethrough and to reduce a pressure differential between fluid up and downstream of the orifice plate during installation and extraction. At least two notches, each notch extending radially from the inner surface, engage the orifice plate and maintain the concentric position of the orifice plate within the fitting.

Abstract: A dual chamber orifice fitting, including a body with a lower chamber in fluid communication with a pipeline and a top with an upper chamber in fluid communication with the lower chamber. A valve assembly closes to hydraulically isolate the upper chamber from the lower chamber and opens to allow an orifice plate carrier to move between the chambers. When the orifice plate carrier is in the lower chamber is can be aligned with the flowbore of the pipeline. The orifice plate carrier can be removed from the fitting through the upper chamber. In some embodiments, at least one of either the upper or lower chambers has a curved cross-section including inner and outer radii, a Cassini oval or a dog-bone shape. The body and top may also have a double curved outer surface to accommodate the curved cross-section of the interior chambers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mass tube (1) for an air measuring sensor (3) comprising a metal grid (4) acting as a flow rectifier arranged perpendicular to the air flow (2). At least two fixing elements (5) are arranged on the measuring tube (1), said elements extending inwards in a radial manner, whereon the metal grid (4) is fixed by pre-tensioning.

Abstract: The invention relates to hydroaeromechanics, heat and mass exchange and power engineering, medical instrument engineering, and other branches of economy, in which the motion of a continuous medium (gases, liquids, and mixtures thereof) defines the functional and technical-and-economical efficiency. It relates to the method of forming the currents of a new type whose flow has the embedded tornado-like jets connected with the boundary layer on the streamlined surfaces, sucking this layer out and transferring the sucked mass into the main stream.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for emptying and filling a fluid container. A flow-actuated valve inside a fill tube regulates the flow through the fill tube. A cap containing the valve and a vent tube can be installed on a modified bottle used to supply water dispensers, thus enabling a user to continuously replenish the bottle from a remote supply. Alternatively, a cap containing the valve, a vent tube, and two fluid level sensors can be installed on a conventional bottle. A user is thus relieved of the burden of repetitive bottle changing, and is able to treat the water to his own specifications.

Abstract: A method for smoothing the gas flow profile in a duct or pipe in a system wherein the average gas velocity is greater than ten feet per second, comprising positioning within the duct or pipe and across the gas flow, a perforated plate wherein the openings thereof are hexagonal in shape, enabling the use of smaller holes than would otherwise be achievable with the use of round holes for the same pressure drop across the plate, which results in a higher degree of gas velocity profile smoothing for a given pressure drop across the plate.

Abstract: A feature of the present invention is it is adaptable to any pre-existing storm catch basin system. Another feature of the present invention is that it permits empirical analysis and verification of the draw down rate. Another feature is the present invention can be adjusted or modified to increase or decrease the rate of draw down after it has been installed to insure regulatory conditions are precisely met without difficulty. Changes in future regulatory draw down rates can be easily implemented. A flow restriction device has an orifice plate, the orifice plate having a frontal surface area A and at least one opening for the passage of fluid of an area Oa, wherein Oa is less than A. The flow restriction device may also employ a screen debris plate, the screen debris plate having a plurality of spaced openings for the passage of fluid; the sum area of the openings being ? Osp wherein ? Osp is greater than Oa.

Abstract: A “quick change” restrictor assembly that allows quick rebalancing of flow-pressures within a duct system. The invention comprises a removable restrictor plate, a branch circuit for receiving the plate, and a means for retaining the restrictor plate to the branch circuit. The circuit includes a feature that allows for removal and installation of the restrictor plate without removing the branch circuit, inlet or outlet ducting. The quick change restrictor will not require bonding and can be installed easily from outside the duct without any disassembly. The restrictor may also have various clips or tabs to reinforce the slot the restrictor plate is inserted into. The restrictor may also have a smart part number and color code that is visible from outside the duct allowing easy removal, identification and inspection.

Abstract: A feature of the present invention is it is adaptable to any pre-existing storm catch basin system. Another feature of the present invention is that it permits empirical analysis and verification of the draw down rate. Another feature is the present invention can be adjusted or modified to increase or decrease the rate of draw down after it has been installed to insure regulatory conditions are precisely met without difficulty. Changes in future regulatory draw down rates can be easily implemented. A flow restriction device has an orifice plate, the orifice plate having a frontal surface area A and at least one opening for the passage of fluid of an area Oa, wherein Oa is less than A. The flow restriction device may also employ a screen debris plate, the screen debris plate having a plurality of spaced openings for the passage of fluid; the sum area of the openings being ?Osp wherein ?Osp is greater than Oa.

Abstract: The present invention also relates to a fluid processing device using material pieces, which is usable for processing liquid and gas. The hexagon nut shaped material pieces of stainless steel and the like are heat-treated and oriented such that the material pieces form up into a kind of concentric circles and make single plane, with drawing lines linked the center points of the hexagonal nut shaped material pieces positioned the outermost circumferentially periphery of the concentric arrangement forming up into an equilateral hexagon and such arrangement is retained. Also, a fluid processing device comprises a hollow container that such field converter is positioned in.

Abstract: A fluid flow rate control system and method comprises a capillary tube having a proximal end that projects into a chamber with a cross-sectional area that is larger than or equal to the fluid supply tube's cross-sectional area. The inner cross-sectional area of the capillary tube is configured less than the inner cross-sectional area of the chamber. The chamber has a volume large enough to slow the fluid conducted to it by the upstream fluid line to permit contaminants to fall out of solution. In another aspect, a sleeve is used to mount the capillary tube into the chamber. The sleeve provides a mounting surface for tube segments from the pump and downstream of the capillary restrictor.

Abstract: In the field of flow distributors there is a need for a flow distributor which produces a uniform distribution of particulate material within a carrier fluid without causing a substantial pressure drop in the carrier fluid. A flow distributor (10), for insertion in a pipeline conveying a particulate material carried by a carrier fluid, comprises a pipe (12) including at least one deflector section (14) which has an inlet end (16) and an outlet end (18). The deflector section (14) is shaped so as to define a first continuous hollow conduit (24) which has a substantially constant cross-sectional area along the length thereof. The first hollow conduit (24) has an active inner surface (20) angled relative to the pipeline so as to urge particles of the particulate material towards a central region of the flow distributor (10). The active inner surface (20) has a constant gradient in a longitudinal direction of the flow distributor (10).

Abstract: A flow control device having no moving parts that controls fluid flow along a fluid pathway in such a way that flow rate remains constant irregardless of environmental changes. The device achieves a constant flow rate by taking advantage of the properties of the fluid moving along the fluid pathway and maintains the constant flow rate irregardless of changes in viscosity due to changes in temperature.

Abstract: A guide means of a centrifugal force separator or cyclone separator for separating at least one substance from a gaseous or liquid medium under the action of centrifugal forces has two or more baffle plates (2) with a radius which decreases from the center axis of the guide means, viewed in the direction of rotation of the medium. Between these baffle plates (2) entry openings (16) into the guide means are formed for the medium from which the substance has been largely removed into the guide means. There is a bottom plate (3) on the end of the guide means which projects into the interior of the device. To improve incident flow or inflow of the medium into the guide means, the bottom plate (3) in the area of the entry openings (16) has recesses (12).

Abstract: A durable water heating system providing rapid hot water delivery includes a water heating unit connected to a water source. A hot water line connects the water heating unit to at least one water delivery fixture. A return line of substantially the first cross-section connects to the hot water line adjacent the water delivery fixture located at a greatest distance from the water heating unit. A flow velocity reduction device has a first end, a second end, a first cross-section, an aperture and that extends from the first end to the second end. The aperture and has a second cross-section smaller than the first cross-section. Attachment fittings are provided adjacent the first and second ends. When the device is installed in the return line, velocity of water circulating through the system will be substantially reduced, thereby reducing wear on the system while providing rapid hot water delivery at the fixture.

Abstract: An energy attenuation apparatus in fluid communication with tubing adapted to convey a liquid under pressure, and including a liquid-conveying unit in fluid communication with the tubing and having a diameter greater than the tubing diameter. The liquid-conveying unit has four chambers in series, at least one of which contains a tube, wherein an annular space is formed between the inner peripheral surface of the unit and the outer peripheral surface of the tube. One end of the tube is connected to and in fluid communication with an inlet or outlet end of the chamber, and another, free end is spaced by an open gap from the outlet or inlet end of the chamber. The tube has at least one aperture in the free end and/or on the peripheral surface thereof for providing fluid communication between the tube and the chamber.

Abstract: The flow conditioner for a fluid transport pipe, comprises a support-forming substantially tubular main body, at least one flow rectifier disposed inside the main body essentially perpendicularly to the axis XX? thereof, and a porous plate disposed inside the main body upstream from the flow rectifier and parallel thereto. The elements of the conditioner are disposed in such a manner that a substantial fraction of the fluid flow passes through the flow rectifier and the porous plate in the absence of the porous plate becoming clogged. A bypass circuit is provided to ensure fluid flow continuity in the event of the porous plate becoming clogged.

Abstract: A generally cylindrical restrictor insert for containing an axially movable, apertured restrictive member, housed in a flow control distributor housing of an orifice expansion device used for bi-directionally-flowing pressurized fluid, with a housing passageway being closed off via an annular adaptor flange also having an internal filter, the restrictor insert having a central axial through bore with a plurality of adjoining bore portions defining a central bore cavity, the restrictor insert also having a leading portion, with a frusto-conical front end surface, and intermediate and trailing portions, the latter having a shoulder portion and an annular end face, the restrictive member being located and axially freely movable within a distributor housing central bore cavity, with the restrictor insert, in turn being located, via slip-fit insertion, in a distributor housing central passageway.

Abstract: A cris-cross pattern of flow channels serves to divide the flow of fluid and then cross the flow to cause an impact between the flow in each channel to impact against each other to reduce the decibels and noise level created by the flowing of the fluid. In a pneumatic surgical drill the spent air used to power the vane motor is diverted so that the flow of is divided in separate flow paths that cross to allow the air that flows from one of the divided channels impinges on the air flowing from the other of the divided channels. In one embodiment the divided channels or flow passageways is formed in the end cap of the housing of a pneumatic surgical drill and in another embodiment the flow diverter with the divided passageways or channels is formed in a plug the fits into the coaxial hose that connects to the housing of the pneumatic surgical drill.

Abstract: An energy attenuation method and apparatus for a system conveying liquid under pressure. The apparatus is disposed in a liquid conveying structure of the system and includes first and second outer hose conduits, each of which respectively defines an associated first and second tuning chamber each having an inlet end and an outlet end. A tubular conduit interconnects the two hose conduits such that the chambers communicate with one another via the tubular conduit. A first tuning tube of polymeric material is disposed in the first chamber and has a first end connected to the inlet end of the first chamber for receiving liquid therein and has a second open end that is spaced from the outlet end of the first chamber for emptying liquid into the first chamber.

Abstract: A device for restricting water flow through a conduit in a landscape sprinkler system, wherein the conduit comprises a hollow pipe having an interior wall, the device comprising a generally rigid disc having an external periphery shaped to conform to the interior wall of the conduit; attachment means for frictionally securing the disc traverse to the interior wall of the conduit, and, at least one aperture in the disc to permit water flow therethrough, wherein the total area of any apertures in the disc are from about 1% to about 40% of the cross-sectional area of the disc.

Abstract: A tool for supporting and centering a flat circular orifice plate flow meter between two pipe flanges that have circumferentially spaced apart circular flange bolt holes that lie on a bolt circle and receive circular flange bolts for interconnecting the flanges, comprising a flat plate having a first edge which includes at least two points that lie on a line of curvature having a radius equal to the radius of the circular orifice plate, and at least one set of at least two tool holes sized to receive two of the bolts that interconnect the flanges.

Abstract: A nozzle design and method for designing such a nozzle being adapted for three phase slurry flow from the choke into the flash tank during pressure let-down in autoclave mining operations that uses a selection of the expansion ratio in the choke to select a nozzle dispersion angle to select a spread of the flow over the slurry pool in the flash tank, to generally maximize the use of the pool for energy dissipation without causing undo wear and tear on the tank walls.

Abstract: A device damps water hammers in hydraulic accumulators, in particular in piston accumulators. The device is embodied in the form of the accumulator component which operates as a throttle on a fluid flow and is inserted between internal elements (12) of the accumulator and a hydraulic network (14) to which the accumulator is connectable. The throttle is formed by at least one transfer area (24) having a predetermined cross-section in a valve element (16) which interrupts the fluid flow up to the transfer area (24) at one of the valve positions and releases it at its other position. The transfer area (24) has at least one free end with a funnel-shaped enlargement (26,28) oriented towards the inside of the accumulator (12) or towards the hydraulic network (14), thereby substantially improving damping such that noise emission is reduced to the greatest possible extent.

Abstract: The primary distribution hoses on the tillage implement of a pneumatic seeding machine are of different lengths as needed to reach distribution heads or splitters on the implement that further divide the primary streams of materials into individual streams leading directly to the ground-engaging openers of the implement. Notwithstanding the differential in hose length, outlet pressures at the distribution heads are made uniform through the provision of internal flow restrictors associated with those hoses that are shorter than the longest hoses on the machine. Throat diameters of the restrictors vary in accordance with the pressure drop that is needed to match the difference in hose length between the longest hose and the restricted hose. In a preferred embodiment, the restrictors are mounted within nipples on the coupling assembly that releasably connects conduits from a seed cart with the primary hoses on the implement.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for eliminating turbulence-induced noise in a pulsation-absorbing flexible hose, as in a hydraulic power steering system containing a pressure fluid-feeding pump and a steering gear operated by the pressure fluid discharged from the pump. The hose has a restrictor positioned in the hose bore, and the restrictor has a flow-through bore of smaller diameter than that of the adjacent wall of the hose bore. The flow-through bore has a venturi tube cross section. The restrictor venturi inlet, throat and outlet are designed so as to efficiently conduct fluid therethrough by matching the characteristics of the fluid, the operational pressures, fluid density and other system parameters such that the venturi operates below the lower critical value of the Reynolds number of fluid flow through the restrictor to thereby minimize or eliminate fluid turbulence in the restrictor outlet and/or immediately downstream thereof.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for operating a valve assembly for a dual chamber orifice fitting. The dual chamber orifice fitting comprises a body attached to a top. A passageway connects between the body and the top and allows an orifice plate carrier to move between the body and the top. A valve assembly selectably closes the passageway. Embodiments of the valve assembly comprise a seat, a plug, and a stem. The valve assembly has a closed position, wherein a curved outer surface of the plug sealingly engages a curved sealing surface of the seat and prohibits fluid communication through the passageway. The valve assembly has an open position, wherein a plug aperture is aligned with a seat aperture to allow the orifice plate carrier to move through the passageway.

Abstract: Representative embodiments provide for a flow laminarizing device including a plurality of walls defining a plurality of passageways, each passageway defining a hexagonal cross-sectional area and configured to permit fluid flow there through, a casing configured to mechanically support the plurality of walls, and at least one support extension mechanically coupled to the casing, the at least one support extension and the casing cooperatively configured to support the flow laminarizing device in a substantially fixed slidingly received position relative to a fluid flow port of a fluid impelling device. A method includes the steps of decoupling an air line from a turbocharger, installing a flow laminarizing device in fluid communication with the turbocharger, and recoupling the air line to the turbocharger.

Abstract: Invention is of an improvement to seat of gate valves used for gas-lift producing oil wells, consisting of a seat lower part of which is curved there being a straight vertical art and a sloping straight lower part, central spacing consisting of a first part in the shape of a tapered nozzle at which gas is gradually speeded up, a second part which is the main restriction to flow, and a third part in the shape of a conical diffuser at which gas is gradually slowed down.

Abstract: A dual chamber orifice fitting, including a body with a lower chamber in fluid communication with a pipeline and a top with an upper chamber in fluid communication with the lower chamber. A valve assembly closes to hydraulically isolate the upper chamber from the lower chamber and opens to allow an orifice plate carrier to move between the chambers. When the orifice plate carrier is in the lower chamber is can be aligned with the flowbore of the pipeline. The orifice plate carrier can be removed from the fitting through the upper chamber. In the preferred embodiments, at least one of either the upper or lower chambers has a non-rectangular cross-section. The body and top may also have a curved outer surface to accommodate the non-rectangular cross-section of the interior chambers.

Abstract: An orifice plate for use in a conduit through which fluid flows is defined by a central circular region having a radius R0 and a ring-shaped region surrounding the central circular region. The ring-shaped region has holes formed therethrough with those holes centered at each radius R thereof satisfying a relationship AR=a/(XRVRb) where AR is a sum of areas of those holes having centers at radius R, XR is a flow coefficient at radius R, VR is a velocity of the fluid that is to flow through the conduit at radius R, b is a constant selected to make at least one process variable (associated with the fluid that is to flow through the conduit) approximately equal at each radius R, and a is a constant that is equal to (XRARVRb) at each radius R.

Abstract: Apparatus for mixing a fluid with a flowing material is disclosed including a chamber having an inlet for connection to a circular inlet conduit and an outlet for connection to a circular outlet conduit, and a supply conduit for supplying the fluid to the chamber, the inlet having a cross-section which is substantially circular at one end and which continuously transforms to a substantially elongated cross-section at the other end, and the outlet has a cross-section which is substantially circular at one end and which continuously transforms to a substantially elongated cross-section at the other end, and the supply conduit is located between the inlet and the outlet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a damping device to be incorporated into fluid systems, particularly hydraulic systems, said damping device comprising an expansion hose. An essentially rigid damper which is oriented counter to the direction of flow, is disposed inside the internal space of said expansion hose. The damper pipe is provided with a completely closed wall, resulting in a good damping effect. Preferably, the damper pipe is significantly less flexible in the radial direction than the outer expansion pipe, whereby the damping effect is substantially enhanced.

Abstract: An energy attenuation apparatus for a system conveying a liquid under pressure is provided. The apparatus includes a liquid-conveying unit or the like that includes three chambers disposed in series. At least one of the chambers contains no tube. A first tube is disposed in one of the chambers and has a first end connected to and in fluid communication with an inlet or outlet end of its chamber. A second, free end of the tube is spaced by an open gap from the outlet or inlet end of such chamber. The tube has at least one aperture in the free end and/or on the peripheral surface thereof for providing fluid communication between the tube and its chamber. A second tube can be disposed in the remaining chamber.

Abstract: A flow pipe and one or more permanent magnets placed in or on the flow pipe, each permanent magnet presenting at its axial ends an infinite divergence of the magnetic field it generates. Fluid is treated by flowing through a flow pipe equipped with at least one such permanent magnet. The permanent magnet can be made of a plastic coextrudate with a ferromagnetic material such as iron powder, iron dust or iron chips. The permanent magnets can be arranged in groups with flow turbulence initiators positioned within the flow pipe between the magnet groups.

Abstract: A process for deposition and condensation and reaction and separation and distillation employing at least two chambers separated by a diaphragm with at least one separation wall and at least one orifice or flow duct or plurality thereof. The new process includes (i) a condensation-free formation of a reservoir of an uncondensed phase under controlled flow conditions in front of a diaphragm, (ii) local pulse forces in an orifice or flow duct is controlled by local flow speed or local flow density or local flow pressure of said uncondensed phase to provide macroscopic control of an uncondensed intermediary and final phase or material and (iii) controlled conveyance and production rates under conditions of said local control and is independent from gravitational acceleration so orientation of individual modules or units or assembly of a production plant.

Abstract: A noise reduction device for use in a fluid flow system comprises a central section and an outer annular section. The outer annular section is designed to reduce the velocity of an annular fluid flow relative to a central core fluid flow. The central section of the device has a plurality of apertures, while the annular section has upstream apertures communicating with a pressure reduction chamber and downstream apertures. The upstream apertures of the annular section are smaller than, and off set from, the downstream apertures of an annular section to increase the pressure reduction and further reduce the velocity of the fluid flow in an annular section. A method is also described for reducing noise transmissions from a piping system wherein the fluid flow through the piping system is separated into an annular fluid flow and a core fluid flow, and the velocity of the annular fluid flow is reduced relative to the core fluid flow.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a bi-directional dual chamber orifice fitting comprising a body with a chamber in fluid communication with a flow bore. The fitting also comprises an orifice supported by an orifice plate carrier that is selectably disposable in the bore. In the preferred embodiment, the lower chamber includes two passageways connecting the chamber to the flow bore. One passageway is located on either side of the orifice plate. Each passageway may also be equipped with a check valve to permit flow in only one direction through the passageway. In operation, the passageway on the upstream side of the orifice would allow fluid to flow into the lower chamber while the passageway on the downstream side would prevent flow back into the flow bore.

Abstract: A replaceable orifice unit is disposed outside a pressure or a flow regulator valve, and therefore easy in maintenance, requires the smallest possible number of components, is compact in construction to save space, free from any fear that fluid impurities in a fluid circuit bank up against an upstream side of an orifice piece (2) of the unit, advantageous in replacing one type of chemicals flowing through the circuit with another type, and also advantageous in manufacturing cost. The replaceable orifice unit is constructed of a tube member (1), in which the orifice piece (2) assuming two symmetrically arranged similar triangular shapes in longitudinal cross section is fixedly mounted. Formed between vertexes of the triangle shapes is an orifice (2a). An O-ring is coaxially disposed between the tube member (1) and the orifice piece (2) to prevent the fluid from passing through therebetween.