Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a grain oriented silicon steel about sheet having a high flux density, which comprises hot-rolling a slab comprising 1.5 to 4.8% by weight of Si, 0.012 to 0.050% by weight of Al, 0.0010 to 0.0120% by weight of N, 0.0020 to 0.0150% by weight of Ti, up to 0.45% by weight of Mn and up to 0.012% by weight of at least one member selected S and Se, which satisfies the requirement 0.06 to 0.6 of Ti/N (at % ratio) and Mn/(S+Se).gtoreq.4.0 (weight ratio) with the balance comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities, to cold-rolling, performing decarburization annealing, coating an annealing separator on the steel sheet surface, then performing finish annealing, and performing a nitriding treatment of the steel sheet during the period of from the point of termination of final cold rolling to the point of initiation of secondary recrystallization at the finish annealing step.

Abstract: When producing a semi-process electromagnetic steel sheet by a series of process steps including cold rolling, annealing and skin pass rolling, in this order, a hot rolled sheet containing not more than 0.02 wt. % of C, 0.1 to 1.0 wt. % of Si, 0.5 to 1.5 wt. % of Mn, 0.1 to 0.6 wt. % of Al and 0.02 to 0.10 wt. % of P and optionally containing at least one of 0.1 to 1.0 wt.% of Ni, 0.01 to 0.2 wt. % in sum of Sb and/or Sn, and not more than 0.6 wt.

Abstract: In the production of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, instead of conventional inhibitors a novel (Al, Si)N inhibitor is utilized. This inhibitor is formed by obtaining an incomplete solution of Al and N and then nitriding the decarburization annealed steel sheet prior to initiation of a secondary recrystallization. The fine inhibitor can be formed in a large amount, thereby enhancing the magnetic flux density.

Abstract: A method of forming continuous or spot-sequenced lines across the surface of grain oriented steel strip by spark discharge from electrodes closely spaced from said strip, characterized in that the atmosphere through which the discharge is effected is inert. Preferably the inert atmosphere is nitrogen but other gases, e.g. argon may readily be employed.

Abstract: An extra-low iron loss grain oriented silicon steel sheet is produced by irradiating electron beam to an insulation coating formed on a grain oriented silicon steel sheet after finish annealing in a direction crossing the rolling direction of the sheet, whereby the magnetic properties are not degraded even if the steel sheet is subjected to a strain relief annealing. If necessary, an inert gas may be introduced into the vicinity of electron beam irradiated zone of the coating.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of enhancing linear impressions formed in the surface of grain oriented electrical steel strip, by electrolytically etching said impressions with e.g. citric acid. The impressions may be formed by mechanical wheel scribing or by surface ablation, e.g. by spark discharge or laser treatment, and may be continuous or discontinuous in the form of spots or lines. In accordance with this invention therefore, the initial generation of light impressions in steel strip formed by mechanical wheel scribing or spark ablation techniques can readily be enhanced by application of the electrolytic etching technique to produce a material exhibiting values of power loss (reduced from the original unscribed loss value) which are substantially anneal-proof. In comparison, conventionally scribed material shows no resistance to a high temperature anneal as far as loss reduction is concerned.

Abstract: A method is provided for domain refinement of final texture annealed grain-oriented silicon steels by applying to the base coating a barrier coating for sealing the forsterite, removing portions of the base coating to expose a pattern of the underlying silicon steel, applying a metallic contaminant to the steel at least in the areas of the exposed steel which is free of thermal and plastic stresses, and thereafter annealing the steel having the barrier coating and contaminant thereon at time and temperature in a reducing atmosphere to diffuse sufficient and controlled amounts of the metallic contaminant and an element from the barrier coating into the exposed steel to produce a permanent pore to effect heat resistant domain refinement and reduced core loss.

Abstract: Oriented silicon steel is heated in a slab furnace at temperatures above 1260.degree. C. prior to hot rolling. The slab surfaces in the furnace are exposed to molten slag, variable atmosphere conditions and refractory interaction from the hearth. The slab surface prior to hot rolling has a major importance for cold rolling and the quality of the glass film.A rapid oxidation treatement of the slab just prior to the scale breaker or first rolling stand corrects a silicon-free iron layer condition which causes streaks in the glass film. The oxidation treatment blows gas having at least 30% oxygen for a sufficient time and velocity to provide a surface which will develop a continuous fayalite layer in subsequent processing and provide for the formation of a continuous glass film.

Abstract: Ultra-rapid annealing of nonoriented electrical steel is conducted at a rate above 100.degree. C. per second on prior to or as part of the strip decarburization and/or annealing process to provide an improved texture and, thereby, improved permeability and reduced core loss. During the ultra-rapid heating of cold-rolled strip, the recrystallization texture is enhanced by more preferential nucleation of {100}<uvw> and {110}<uvw> oriented crystals and reduced formation of {111}<uvw> oriented crystals. The preferred practice has a heating rate above 262.degree. C. per second to a peak temperature between 750.degree. C. and 1150.degree. C. and held at temperature for 0 to 5 minutes.

Abstract: Ultra-rapid annealing of grain oriented electrical steel to a temperature prior to the final high temperature anneal results in improved texture and smaller secondary grain size. The ultra-rapid anneal requires heating the strip to a temperature above about 675.degree. C. (1250.degree. F.) at a rate above 100.degree. C. per second (180.degree. F. per second). The ultra-rapid anneal is performed after the first stage of cold rolling and prior to or as part of the decarburization anneal. The material will survive a subsequent stress relief anneal and may be further improved by various domain treatments. The ultra-rapid anneal increases productivity and procedures improved core loss properties.

Abstract: A method of producing grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with a very high magnetic flux density, is characterized by increasing the partial pressure of the N.sub.2 in the annealing atmosphere at the intermediate stage between the start and the finish of the secondary recrystallization, and by ensuring the temperature differential in the coil does not exceed 100.degree. C. during changes to the annealing atmosphere. In addition, the rate of temperature increase at the hottest part of the coil is kept to a maximum of 13.degree. C./hr at least part of the time the coolest part of the coil is between 850.degree. C. and 1100.degree. C.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing cube-on-edge grain-oriented silicon steel by producing 3 to 10 ppm boron and a manganese-to-sulfur and/or selenium ratio of at least 2.5 in a final gauge steel strip prior to final texture annealing and including a two-stage cold reduction wherein the final cold reduction is less than 75% to provide a steel having improved magnetic properties with a secondary grain size of less than 10 mm and a permeability of 1850 or more at 10 oersteds.

Abstract: Method for subdividing the magnetic domains of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is improved so that the watt loss can be further lessened and the watt-loss improving effect does not disappear during stress relief annealing. An intrudable means is formed on the finishing-annealed steel sheet on or in the vicinity of strain which promotes the intrusion of an intrudable means. Sb or Sb containing material is a preferred intrudable means and the laser irradiation is a preferred method for imparting the strain and also for attaining the removal of a surface coating.

Abstract: In a conventional process for producing a semi-processed non-oriented electrical steel sheet, the silicon or aluminum content of a hot-rolled steel strip is high, especially in the case of producing a high-grade electrical sheet which has a low watt loss. However, a high silicon or aluminum content disadvantageously results in a decrease in the magnetic flux density.A decrease in the watt loss and an increase in the magnetic flux density in semi-processed non-oriented electrical steel sheets as compared with conventional high-grade semi-processed non-oriented electrical steel sheets can be achieved by making the silicon content, which increases resistivity, low, i.e. from 0.1 to 1.0%, and the manganese content, which is effective for improving the texture, high i.e. from 0.75 to 1.5% and by subjecting the starting material, having a low silicon content, and a high manganese content to an appropriate production process for controlling texture.

Abstract: The heat resistant subdivision of magnetic domains of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for improving the watt loss characterized by forming intruders therein is improved by pickling the steel sheet prior to the electroplating of the intrudable means. The partly exposed steel sheets are pickled by HNO.sub.3, H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 containing Fe.sup.3+, HCl containing Fe.sup.3+, and/or HBF.sub.4.

Abstract: In the production of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, a slab (1) is current-conduction heated, using the slab (1) as a resistor, under a condition of being on or below an apparent current density (I) of from 40 (A/cm.sup.2) to 0.5 P.sup.2 +100 (A/cm.sup.2), P being a pressure of electrodes in kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: In the production of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet by utilizing an AIN main inhibitor and at least twice cold-rolling with a heavy final reduction, improved magnetic properties are stably obtained by controlling the cooling speed (R) in the cooling process of a hot-rolled sheet annealing (R.gtoreq.5.degree.C./sec from 600.degree.-200.degree. C.) and by inter-pass aging (50.degree.-500.degree. C. for 1 minute or more) during the first cold-rolling.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement in the precipitation annealing of a hot-rolled steel sheet or strip which is carried out immediately before cold-rolling in the production of a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet or strip. Conventionally, precipitation annealing is carried out by heating a steel strip to a temperature of from 750.degree. to 1200.degree. C. and then quenching it. The present invention proposes to control the cooling rate during primary cooling, i.e. from a holding temperature (T.sub.1 temperature) of from 1080.degree. to 1200.degree. C. down to an intermediate temperature (T.sub.2 temperature) of from 900.degree. to 980.degree. C., and to control the staying time during primary cooling so that excellent magnetic properties can be obtained regardless of the unavoidable variation in the Al and Si content. The present invention also proposes to control the rate of temperature elevation between 800.degree. C.

Abstract: Method for the production of a single oriented silicon steel sheet having excellent magnetic property which comprises providing a silicon steel slab containing 0.010.about.0.10% C, 2.5.about.4.5% Si, 0.02.about.0.15% Mn, and a total of 0.008.about.0.080% of one or two of S and Se, hot rolling the silicon steel slabing to sheet, and subjecting the hot rolled sheet to a two-step annealing procedure wherein the first half is at a temperature of 1000.degree..about.1200.degree. C. and the latter half at 750.degree..about.980.degree. C., and to at least two cold rolling steps.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for domain refinement of texture annealed and insulation coated grain-oriented silicon steel strip by contacting the insulated steel surface to be scribed with a discharge electrode, moving the electrode substantially transverse to the rolling directioln while essentially maintaining contact, and marking the steel with a plurality of electrical discharge craters generally aligned across the steel by producing a plurality of electrical discharges between the electrode and steel from a capacitor of 0.001-10.0 microfarads.

Abstract: Fe alloy containing Si: 4.0 to 7.0 wt %, Mn: not more than 0.5 wt %, P: not more than 0.1 wt %, S: not more than 0.02 wt %, Al: not more than 2 wt % is molten, and made an ingot or continuously cast into a piece. The piece is subjected to slabbing-roughing, otherwise roughing at temperature of more than 1000.degree. C. and at total reduction of more than 50%, and further a hot finish rolling. The hot finish rolling is performed at temperature of not more than 1100.degree. C. and under a total reduction which is specified by a relation between average grain diameter before the hot finish rolling and Si content, and coiled at temperature of not more than 750.degree. C. after the rolling. The hot rolled plate is performed with cold rolling or warm rolling after the descaling and hot rolled strip annealing. If required, an intermediate annealing is performed in the course of the cold (or warm) rolling.

Abstract: Grooves are formed on a finish-annealed electrical steel sheet by applying a mean load of from 90 to 220 kg/mm.sup.2 to the steel sheet, which is then heat treated at a temperature of 750.degree. C. or higher, and thereby fine crystal grains are generated at the strain-introduced sites of the steel sheet. The fine crystal grain reduces the watt-loss value. Such a watt-loss improving effect is not impaired even by stress-relief annealing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for domain refinement of texture annealed and insulation coated grain-oriented silicon steel strip by contacting the insulated steel surface to be scribed with a discharge electrode, providing a high voltage-low current and low voltage-high current to the electrode, moving the electrode across the steel while essentially maintaining contact therewith, and marking the steel with a plurality of indentations generally aligned across the steel surface by pulsing the high current to produce a plurality of electrical discharges.

Abstract: A process for the production of an electrical steel sheet having the ideal (100) [001] cube texture of iron of iron alloy, comprising cold rolling a sheet of a single crystal or large grained crystals of iron or iron alloy, in which said single crystal is or a majority of said large grained crystals are oriented so that the pole of the {114} plane may form an angle not greater than 15.degree. with the normal direction of the plane of the sheet, and the <401> direction may form an angle of not greater than 15.degree. with a single direction in the plane of the sheet, in said single direction at a rolling reduction of at least 40%, and annealing the rolled sheet to form a primary recrystallization texture of fine grains of an average grain size of not larger than 5 mm under conditions preventing the occurrence of secondary recrystallization.

Abstract: In a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet which is produced by a process including a cold-rolling step(s), the final reduction ratio of the cold-rolling step(s) being high, a technical means for refining the secondary recrystallized grains is particularly important. One technical means is the incorporation of tin into silicon steel material. This, however, involves a problem because tin incorporated into silicon steel material deteriorates the surface coating which imparts tension to a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet.The incorporation of copper into silicon steel material has been avoided since it causes secondary recrystallization to be unstable.The present invention is characterized by the combined incorporation of tin and copper into molten steel so as to simultaneously refine the secondary recrystallized grains and to form a good surface coating. The grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet of the present invention contains from 2.5% to less than 4.0% of silicon, from 0.03% to 0.

Abstract: A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a low watt loss after stress relief annealing is proposed. The steel sheet, which is final texture annealed, and to which tension is imparted, has a number of recessed parts on the surface thereof forming indentations into the steel sheet body having a depth in the range of from 0.01 to 0.1 mm. The recessed parts are filled with a composition having a coefficient of thermal expansion smaller than that of the steel sheet body. From the recessed parts and the composition the magnetic domains are subdivided.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving core loss of grain-oriented silicon steel by scribing the steel after cold rolling in a direction substantially transverse to the rolling direction by directing a pressurized liquid jet onto the steel surface to form selected spaced-apart scribe lines. The jet may contain solid particles which increase the scribing efficiency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for scribing grain-oriented silicon steel to improve core losses and which can be used at typical strip line speeds. The method and apparatus provide for moving the strip and forming the strip about an axis parallel to the strip movement, rotating a body having scribing means mounted at or about the periphery and scribing the strip at selected spaced-apart intervals substantially transverse to the strip direction.

Abstract: A method of producing cube-on-edge oriented silicon steel strip and sheet from strand cast slabs, wherein a slab is prerolled at a temperature not exceeding 1673.degree. K. with a reduction in thickness up to 50%, and the prerolled slab is reheated to a temperature between 1533.degree. and 1673.degree. K. prior to hot rolling. The slab prerolling temperature, percentage of reduction in prerolling, and the reheat temperature are correlated in accordance with a specific equation in order to control the strain rate during prerolling and to obtain an average grain diameter not exceeding about 9 mm after reheating.

Abstract: Fe alloy containing Si more than 4.0 wt % is produced by a thin plate casting process. The producing condition depends upon rapid solidification of Fe alloy from a molten condition at cooling rate of more than 1.degree. C./sen to less than 10.sup.5 .degree. C./sec.The obtained thin cast plates are subjected to a hot rolling of more than 30% at the temperature range of 600.degree. to 800.degree. C., and to the cold rolling to a determined thickness, followed pickling. By the above mentioned conditions, operations of the industrial scale may be practiced without cracks on the surface in the cold rolling excellent magnetic characteristics may be provided by passing the annealing after the cold rolling.

Abstract: This invention realizes the improvement of the surface properties and the magnetic characteristics in such a way that a large amount of Si of 3.1-4.5% is incorporated into a raw material, a small amount of Al and a very small amount of S or Se are used as inhibitor together with Mo, and the slab heating is so performed at a temperature of not lower than 1,270.degree. C. that the scale loss may reach 2.7-5.0%, whereby the inhibitor is fully dissociated and solid-solved to conspicuously strengthen the growth inhibiting effect against the primary recrystallization grains in the secondary recrystallization annealing for promoting the growth of the secondary recrystallization grains in the {110}<001> orientation, thereby forming the secondary recrystallization texture extremely strongly arranged in the {110}<001> orientation, so that a high magnetic flux density and a low iron loss is attained with effectively preventing cracks in hot rolling after slab soaking.

Abstract: A method is provided for final texture annealing silicon steel to produce a cube-on-edge grain orientation having lower core losses and higher magnetic permeability. The method includes using a controlled heating cycle including a substantially isothermal hold at a selected recrystallization temperature of about 1650.degree. F. to improve secondary recrystallization and the Goss texture (110) [001].

Abstract: A thin-gauge (0.10-0.23 mm thick) grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is produced by a process characterized by a decarburization which is carried out after the hot-rolling and before the final cold-rolling, after which the known, decarburization annealing and finishing annealing are carried out. The steel composition is adjusted to induce the secondary recrystallization by the AlN inhibitor. The reduction at the final cold-rolling is determined to be high to obtain a high magnetic flux density but tends to instabilize the secondary recrystallization unless the inventive decarburization is carried out.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving core loss of grain-oriented silicon steel by scribing the steel after cold rolling in a direction substantially transverse to the rolling direction by directing a pressurized liquid jet onto the steel surface to form selected spaced-apart scribe lines. The jet may contain solid particles which increase the scribing efficiency.

Abstract: In the production of non-oriented electrical steel sheets, it has been attempted to decrease the watt loss, e.g., by adding Sn to silicon steels, but in such a case the relationship between the watt loss and the magnetic flux density falls within the curves 1 and 1' in FIG. 1. The addition of boron is therefore unsatisfactory for meeting the recent demand for improving the magnetic properties of a non-oriented electrical steel sheet over those indicated by the curve 3.In the present invention, the combined addition of Sn and B and/or sol. Al results in the development of (110) and (100) textures, which are desirable for the magnetic properties.A non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention consists of:at most 0.015% carbon,0.3% to 2.0% silicon,0.02% to 0.20% tin,and optionally1.0% to 1.5% manganese,and(a) 0.005% to 0.10% acid-soluble aluminium,at most 0.007% nitrogen,at most 0.005% boron,the weight ratio of the boron content/nitrogen content being from 0.5 to 1.

Abstract: In the production of non-oriented electrical steel sheets, it has been attempted to decrease the watt loss, e.g., by adding Sn to silicon steels, but in such a case the relationship between the watt loss and the magnetic flux density falls within the curves 1 and 1' in FIG. 1. The addition of boron is therefore unsatisfactory for meeting the recent demand for improving the magnetic properties of a non-oriented electrical steel sheet over those indicated by the curve 3.In the present invention, the combined addition of Sn and B and/or sol. Al results in the development of (110) and (100) textures, which are desirable for the magnetic properties.A non-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention consists of:at most 0.015% carbon,0.3% to 2.0% silicon,0.02% to 0.20% tin,and optionally1.0% to 1.5% manganese,and(a) 0.005% to 0.10% acid-soluble aluminium,at most 0.007% nitrogen,at most 0.005% boron,the weight ratio of the boron content/nitrogen content being from 0.5 to 1.

Abstract: A grain-oriented silicon steel sheet having a low iron loss free from deterioration due to the stress-relief annealing, can be obtained by forming on its surface a forsterite film locally having regions, which have a thickness different from that of the remaining regions in the film, or locally having filmless regions which do not coat the steel sheet surface.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of treating grain oriented steel sheet or strip to refine domain spacing by subjecting the steel sheet or strip to electrical discharge to create a line of surface ablation and stress thereacross, together with apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: It has been found that ferromagnetic sheet material can be scribed in order to reduce watt losses by a thermal method involving rapid heating of small areas or narrow bands of the material in a manner that produces sudden thermal expansion to a degree sufficient to produce plastic deformation within the thermally treated zone. This method has been found to be particularly applicable to electrically insulative coated ferromagnetic sheet wherein it has been found that a laser operating in a continuous wave or extended pulse mode can produce the desired deformation in the ferromagnetic material without damage to the coating properties.

Abstract: A grain-oriented silicon steel sheet having high magnetic induction and low iron loss can be obtained by adhering uniformly at least one member selected from the group consisting of elements of Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Bi and Zn and compounds containing these elements to the surfaces of a silicon steel sheet before or after the decarburization annealing in a method for producing grain-oriented silicon steel sheets. According to this method, a hot rolled steel sheet is subjected to at least one cold rolling, the finally cold rolled steel sheet is subjected to a decarburization annealing, and the decarburized steel sheet is applied with an annealing separator consisting mainly of MgO and then subjected to a final annealing, or by carrying out the adhesion treatment of element in combination with a preliminary annealing before the decarburization annealing in the above described method, or by using the annealing separator further containing Bi or a Bi-containing compound in the above described method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.A feature of the present invention is to set S.ltoreq.0.007%, Mn=0.08.about.0.45%, P=0.015.about.0.45% in a slab. The present inventive idea does away with the conventional concept of using MnS as an inhibitor. The present invention present incomplete secondary recrystallization by the S content, which is decreased to a level as low as possible. In addition, a product having a high magnetic flux density can be successfully produced by adding appropriate amounts of Mn and P. Due to these advantages, a high Si content of a slab, which leads to a watt loss reduction, can also be employed in the present invention. In addition according to the present invention, the temperature of slab heating, which is carried out prior to hot rolling, can be drastically decreased as compared with the prior art.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet.A feature of the present invention is to set S.ltoreq.0.007%, Mn=0.08.about.0.45%, P=0.015.about.0.45% in a slab. The present inventive idea does away with the conventional concept of using MnS as an inhibitor. The present invention present incomplete secondary recrystallization by the S content, which is decreased to a level as low as possible. In addition, a product having a high magnetic flux density can be successfully produced by adding appropriate amounts of Mn and P. Due to these advantages a high Si content of a slab, which leads to a watt loss reduction, can also be employed in the present invention. Furthermore, the watt loss of a product produced by a low-temperature slob-heating is considerably lower than a product produced by a high-temperature slab-heating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet by means of the so-called double-rolling process, using Mn, S, and Cu as the precipitation dispersion phases for suppressing the growth of primary-recrystallized crystal grains.A new concept according to the present invention is to suppress the growth of primary crystals by means of an element segregated in the grain boundaries of primary-recrystallized crystals.The present invention is characterized in that the silicon steel starting material contains T.[N] in an amount which satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2):T.[N].gtoreq.{[sol Al%].times.(14/27)+0.0020}(%) (1)T.[N].ltoreq.{[sol Al%].times.(14/27)+0.0060}(%) (2).

Abstract: For the iron cores of an electrical machinery and apparatuses, such as transformers, electric motors and generators, mostly a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet is used. Since the grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet has a (110) [001]texture and is thus easily magnetized in the rolling direction, the direction of magnetic flux in the iron cores is required to be coincident with the rolling direction. However, this requirement cannot be completely fulfilled due to the shape and an operation efficiency of producing the iron cores as well as generation of a magnetic reluctance in the butted iron-core elements. Laser irradiation regions are formed, according to the present invention, for example, on the following: the parts of the iron core where the rotational magnetic field is generated; the entire surface of the I-type elements or: the major part of the E or C type element.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing thin gauge cube-on-edge grain-oriented silicon steel from hot-rolled band to final gauge in two cold reduction steps. The two-stage cold reduction process requires an intermediate anneal between the two stages of cold reduction and requires that the cold working of the desired intermediate gauge to final gauge include a cold reduction of at least 55% to provide a final gauge product of nominally 0.007 inch.A cube-on-edge grain-oriented silicon steel product is also provided.

Abstract: A cold-rolled steel strip having a combined silicon and aluminum content no greater than about 1.5 wt. % is subjected to processing including a continuous decarburization anneal after temper rolling. The strip is stamped into motor core laminations and stress relief annealed. The resulting lamination has magnetic properties comparable to a lamination having a much higher silicon and silicon plus aluminum content.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a low-silicon, grain oriented electrical steel exhibiting a Goss texture. Compositionally, such steel comprises, by wt. %:C--0.02/0.07Mn--<0.50Si--0.5/2.0S--<0.05Al--0.01/0.5N--0.005/0.03Fe--balance,The texture for such a steel, in the form of sheet or strip, is achieved by a processing sequence which includes among its other steps or features, the provision of a short time transcritical anneal prior to a final cold reduction of the sheet or strip.

Abstract: Extremely low watt-loss of W.sub.17/50 .ltoreq.0.88 w/kg is provided by the combination of extremely low carbon, silicon and nitrogen contents; a thin sheet thickness of 0.15 to 0.23 mm; a high magnetic flux density B.sub.10 .gtoreq.1.89 T; and copresence of coarse and fine (2 mm or less) grains, the distance (ND) between the fine grains controlled to 2.0 to 8.0 mm.

Abstract: In conventional processes for producing a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel strip or sheet, the carbon and silicon content of the starting material is such that .alpha.-.gamma. transformation takes place, said transformation formerly being belived to play an important role in, for example, the formation of AlN. Recently, attempts have been made to reduce the carbon content so as to simplify decarburization-annealing, but these attempts have not been successful.In the present invention, (1) an extremely low carbon content (C.ltoreq.0.02%) and an extremely low sulfur content (S.ltoreq.0.015%), as well as a low heating temperature of the starting material, and (2) a temperature gradient of at least 2.degree. C. per centimeter, which is generated parallel to the sheet surface and under which the growth of secondary recrystallized grains is completed, are combined. As a result of such combination, the following advantages are attained: (1) secondary recrystallization is attained without .alpha.-.gamma.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a grain-oriented silicon steel sheet having excellent magnetic properties. In this method, a silicon steel slab containing 2.0-4.5 wt % of Si, 0.02-0.10 wt % of Mn and 0.005-0.06 wt % in total of at least one of S, Se and Al is subjected to such a heat treatment prior to a hot rolling that the slab is heated to a slab center temperature of 900.degree.-1,230.degree. C. in a slab heating furnace of a gas firing type and placed in a slab induction heating furnace before the slab center temperature is less than 900.degree. C. and then held at a slab center temperature of 1,250.degree.-1,380.degree. C. for not less than 10 minutes.