Abstract: An amorphous alloy including iron, carbon and boron characterized by exceptional magnetic induction properties at room temperature, rendering it particularly suitable for use as the core of a power transformer. The alloy includes 83 to 90 atomic % iron, 2 to 13 atomic % carbon, and 4 to 15 atomic % boron, the total boron and carbon content ranging from 10 to 17 atomic %. If desired, up to 10% of the iron can be replaced by cobalt or nickel, while up to 2% of the carbon can be replaced by silicon or germanium.

Abstract: A technique for producing a non-corrosive platinum-cobalt product having high wear resistance and soft magnetic properties as well as a specular surface. In this technique, a platinum-cobalt composition is solutionized at a temperature above its order-disorder region for a predetermined period and then rapidly quenched to produce a stock piece whose atomic structure is in the disordered state and therefore possesses soft magnetic properties. The piece is then rough-machined to assume the shape of a ball or other product to be formed, the machining action working the outer layer of the rough product and imparting hard magnetic properties thereto. This product is then ground and polished to cause the product to assume its final dimensions and to remove the hard magnetic layer, thereby providing a finished, soft-magnetic product whose surface has specular characteristics and a high order of wear resistance.

Abstract: Method of nitriding steel surfaces by circulating thereover a ternary mixture of ammonia, hydrogen and water at an elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure. Most of the harmful effects of HCN formation are avoided by utilizing a furnace lining consisting of a coated nickel base alloy, and by adding from 1 to 3% water to the nitriding gas and flowing the nitriding gas at a rate as low as 5 to 20 cu. ft. per hour per 100 sq. ft. of steel surface area.

Abstract: The reversible temperature coefficient of magnetization of a permanent magnet alloy is lowered by (a) heating the alloy at about 1200 degrees C. for 2 hours, (b) quenching the alloy in ice water, (c) heating the alloy at about 850 degrees C. for 2 hours, (d) lowering the temperature to about 700 degrees C. and heating for one hour, (e) lowering the temperature to about 600 degrees C. and heating for one hour, (f) lowering the temperature to about 500 degrees C. and heating for one hour, (g) lowering the temperature to about 400 degrees C. and heating for four hours, and (h) lowering the temperature to about 280 degrees C. and heating for 12 hours. The method is particularly effective in lowering the reversible temperature coefficient of magnetization of the permanent magnet alloy Sm.sub.2 Cu.sub.1.6 Zr.sub.0.16 Fe.sub.3.3 Co.sub.12.

Abstract: A process of annealing for preventing temper colors on a steel sheet in a box annealing furnace, which comprises placing an oxidizable iron-base material at a position of low temperature in a circulating path of a furnace gas.

Abstract: A pretreatment of cold-rolled steel sheet for annealing so as to suppress graphite formation on the surface thereof and nitrogenization during the annealing for recrystallization, by causing an effective amount of sulfur, aluminum, tin, arsenic, lead, antimony, bismuth, selenium, and/or tellurium to exist on the steel sheet surface.

Abstract: A process for producing magnetic elements is disclosed in which magnetic material having a low copper content is utilized and, prior to deposition of copper for acting as a non-magnetic spacer, a layer of isolating material such as nickel is deposited to isolate the copper from the magnetic material so that, after mechanical working of the magnetic material to form an element and the element is annealed to restore its initial magnetic properties, the isolating layer acts to prevent the magnetic properties of the magnetic material from being degraded by the copper layer.

Abstract: A method for providing an annealed electrical steel sheet which is highly resistant to sticking to another sheet superimposed thereon at a high temperature, is provided by forming, on the surrace of the sheet, an anti-sticking layer consisting essentially of a colloidal inorganic substance, for example, colloidal silica, alumina and lithium silicate and, optionally, a film-forming organic resinous substance, for example, an acrylic polymer, vinyl acetate polymer and polyester resins.

Abstract: Forsterite insulating films having a high adhesion on an oriented silicon steel sheet are formed by a method wherein an annealing separator consisting mainly of magnesia is applied on surfaces of the oriented silicon steel sheet and the steel sheet is wound up into a coil-form and then annealed at high temperatures to form forsterite insulating films, which is characterized by that the content of water carried into the coil together with the annealing separator is controlled depending upon the content of CaO component carried into the coil together with the annealing separator.

Abstract: The disclosed magnetic devices, including a magnetically coupled conducting path, incorporate amorphous, low magnetostriction alloys of the general formula (Co.sub.a Fe.sub.b T.sub.c).sub.i X.sub.j, the "metallic" constituents thereof being within the parenthetical expression. T, in the formulation, is selected from among Ni, Cr, Mn, V, Ti, Mo, W, Nb, Zr, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag and Au, X being at least one "glass former" selected from among P, Si, B, C, As, Ge, Al, Ga, In, Sb, Bi and Sn. The "metallic" constituents comprise from 70-90 atomic percent of the alloy with cobalt being present in an amount of at least 70 atomic percent of the "metallic" constituents. The described material has been prepared by rapid cooling from the liquid, directly to the shape needed for fabrication of the device (e.g., tape to be wound to form an inductor core).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and installation for making stainless els coated with a lead-based alloy and having undergone annealing. The surface of the product is first prepared by mechanical treatment, then the product is pre-coated by known techniques such as hot tin-plating, after which the annealing treatment is effected, followed by the final coating. Such products may be used, inter alia, in the manufacture of car radiators.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for making a metallic body having desirable magnetic properties. The metallic body is made from an alloy which contains Fe, Cr, and Co and which may also contain one or several additional ferrite forming elements such as, e.g., Zr, Mo, V, Nb, Ta, Ti, Al, Si, or W. According to the disclosed method the alloy is cooled at a rate of at least 60 degrees C. per hour from an initial temperature at which the alloy is in an essentially single phase alpha state to a second temperature which is in a vicinity of 600 degrees C. Subsequently, the alloy is cooled at a second, slower rate to a third temperature which is in the vicinity of 525 degrees C.The disclosed method allows for a relatively broad range of initial temperatures, is relatively insensitive to compositional variations of the alloy, and permits simple reclamation of suboptimally treated parts. As a consequence, the method is particularly suited for large scale industrial production of permanent magnets as may be used, e.g.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive pressure transducer is disclosed wherein pressure in the range of zero to 1000 psi can be accurately measured. The pressure transducer apparatus includes a diaphragm causing the pressure to be applied unidirectionally on sensor material having the property of undergoing changes in magnetic induction when a pressure is applied thereto, the change in magnetic induction being related to the applied pressure. The change in magnetic induction is measured and thus provides a measurement of the applied pressure. Several embodiments are also disclosed for measuring vacuum. In these embodiments force is also applied unidirectionally on the sensor material.

Abstract: Process for patenting steel wires, comprising the steps of passing steel wire substantially horizontally through a preheating tank containing a salt bath, and through a patenting tank similarly containing a salt bath; and applying an electrical potential between the tanks.

Abstract: A compound steel material of high corrosion resistance is manufactured by alloying a carbon steel carrier material having a carbon content of at most 0.20C and of at least 0.04C with a carbide and nitride forming substance, compounding the alloyed carrier material with a ferritic chromium steel material of normal carbon content, followed by hot-rolling the compound steel material to a hot rolled strip or sheet which is then annealed at a temperature and for a time period sufficient for the carbon content of the ferritic chromium steel coating layer to be reduced to between 0.001 and 0.003% so as to increase the corrosion resistance of the chromium steel material to that of a superferritic material. After annealing, the sheet may be etched and surface-finished or cold-rolled, recrystallization annealed and thereafter surface-finished, such as temper-rolled. The ferritic chromium steel material has at most 0.1% of carbon prior to annealing.

Abstract: A method of making compact cores for use in direct current magnetic apparatus characterized by the steps of severing particles from thin, flat strips of ferrous alloys, said particles being substantially of elongated rectangular shape, annealing said laminations in decarburizing and deoxidizing atmosphere to improve the magnetic characteristics by reducing carbon to less than 0.01% and relieving stresses, compressing the particles into a solidified configuration of the desired core component, and annealing the core component at a temperature upwards of 2200.degree. F. in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to improve the permeability and coercive force values.

Abstract: A method of making pressed magnetic core components having a low core loss property for use in electrical apparatus characterized by reannealing and repressing said components after initial annealing and pressing.

Abstract: A method for processing steel strip, which comprises cold-rolling the steel strip, coiling the rolled steel strip and annealing the coiled steel strip, wherein a rolling oil emulsion containing 0.1 to 5 percent by weight of SiO.sub.2 in the form of stabilized silicic acid sol and having a pH value between 5.0 and 9.0 is applied to the steel strip prior to coiling and the rolling oil emulsion so employed.

Abstract: A compound steel material of high corrosion resistance is manufactured by alloying a carrier material of deep-drawing grade with a carbide and nitride forming substance, compounding the alloyed carrier material with a chromium steel material of normal carbon content, followed by annealing the compound steel material at a temperature and for a time period sufficient for the carbon content of the ferritic chromium steel coating layer to be reduced to between 0.001 and 0.003% so as to increase the corrosion resistace of the chromium steel material to that of a superferritic material. Prior to annealing, the compound steel material may be rolled to a fine sheet. The carrier material used in the method of the invention is a deep-drawing steel of at most 0.12% of carbon, while the ferritic chromium steel material has at most 0.1% of carbon prior to the annealing. The carbide and nitride forming substance may be titanium whose content in the alloyed carrier material is preferably between 0.5 and 2%.

Abstract: Ferromagnetic substitutional solid solution alloys characterized by high saturation magnetization and having a bcc structure are provided. The alloys consist essentially of about 4 to 12 atom percent boron, balance essentially iron plus incidental impurities.

Abstract: A method of forming a torsion bar wherein steel, preferably an alloy steel of medium carbon content, is formed in the desired size and shape and is through hardened for providing a desired core hardness. The case of the bar is then hardened for transforming austenite in the case into martensite causing the case to expand thereby inducing high compressive stresses near the surface with the compressive stress decreasing radially inward of the surface. The core of the bar is retained below lower transformation temperature for resisting expansion of the case thereby inducing hoop and axial compressive stresses and radial tensile stressed in the case. The hardened bar is then cold worked by twisting and releasing the bar at least twice for applying a torsional stress in the angular direction of the bar loading which presets the bar by twisting it beyond its initial yield strength for redistributing the stresses and inducing a residual torsional stress therein in a direction opposite to the preset direction.

Abstract: A forsterite insulating film having a good adhesion property to a grain-oriented silicon steel sheet with a high magnetic induction is composed of forsterite grains having a mean grain size of not more than 0.7 .mu.m. The forsterite insulating film is formed by annealing a coil of a cold rolled silicon steel strip having a final gauge in an annealing furnace under an inert gas atmosphere at a constant temperature keeping stage of 800.degree.-920.degree. C so as to fully develop secondary recrystallized grains and then under hydrogen gas atmosphere at a temperature rising stage up to 1,150.degree.-1,250.degree. C and a constant temperature keeping stage of 1,150.degree.-1,250.degree. C during the final annealing, provided that an average dew point of the atmosphere is within a range of -20.degree. C to +20.degree. C in the temperature rising stage up to 1,150.degree.-1,250.degree. C and not more than +10.degree. C in the constant temperature keeping stage of 1,150.degree.-1,250.degree. C.

Abstract: An iron-chromium-cobalt magnetic alloy characterized by good magnetic quality, improved hot and cold ductility and by a reduction in the minimum temperature for complete solutioning; and processing for producing said alloy. Hot ductility is improved through controlled additions of rare earth elements in conjunction with modified refining. Cold ductility is improved through a rapid cool subsequent to hot working and prior to cold working. Solutioning temperatures are lowered through controlled additions of vanadium and titanium.

Abstract: Hardened machined parts are manufactured from rolled or forged steel which consists essentially of 0.05 to 0.15 wt % of C, up to 0.50 wt % of Si, up to 1.5 wt % of Mn, 0.30 to 1.0 wt % of Cr, 0.50 to 1.0 wt % of Mo, one or more of elements selected from the group consisting of 0.10 to 0.40 wt % of V, 0.03 to 0.20 wt % of Ti, 0.03 to 0.20 wt % of Nb and 0.0005 to 0.0050 wt % of B, the balance being Fe, in the following steps: cooling the steel in air from 900.degree. C to 1,000.degree. C; machining the cooled steel; and subjecting the machined steel to a nitriding treatment at 500.degree. to 650.degree. C for 2 to 8 hours.

Abstract: Soft magnetic alloys with good mechanical properties that are relatively insensitive to variations in processing conditions have the composition 2-8% nickel, 0.5-3% vanadium, 33-55% cobalt, balance (apart from conventional alloying ingredients and impurities) iron. Optional alloying ingredients are chromium (0-1%), manganese (0-1%), carbon (0-0.1%), silicon (0-1/2%), niobium (0-1/2%) and zirconium (0-0.3%).

Abstract: Amorphous magnetic metal alloys are processed by annealing at temperatures sufficient to achieve stress relief and cooling in directed magnetic fields or in zero magnetic fields.The ac and dc properties of magnetic cores produced in accordance with the processes of the invention may be tailored to match those of a wide range of magnetic alloys.Alloys processed in accordance with the invention provide improved performance in inductors, transformers, magnetometers, and electrodeless lamps.

Abstract: A core type magnetron comprising a vacuum envelope which includes an open ended magnetic anode cylindrical member and magnetic upper and lower end plates for closing the opposite end openings of the cylindrical member. Internal to the vacuum envelope, a plurality of anode vanes are provided which extend in a radial direction from the approximate middle of the inner wall of the cylindrical member toward the center of the envelope. A pair of permanent magnets provided internal to the envelope, each extending from opposite end plates toward the anode vanes. By this arrangement, an operating space is defined by the opposing surfaces of the pair of the magnets and the anode vanes, such that a magnetic flux is applied to said operating space. A cathode is provided within the operating space.

Abstract: The thermo-magnetic-treated anisotropic permanent magnet alloy of the present invention consists essentially of, by weight, 17 to 45% chromium, 3 to 14.5% cobalt, 0.2 to 5% silicon and balance substantially iron, preferably 23 to 35% chromium, 7 to 14.5% of cobalt, 0.3 to 3% silicon and balance substantially iron and has a residual magnetic flux density of 7000 Gauss or more and a coersive force of 300 Oersted or more. In order to obtain the alloy, an alloy having the above identified composition is initially aged at a temperature of 570.degree. C to 670.degree. C for a period of 10 minutes to 5 hours in a magnetic field and secondarily aged at a temperature within 200.degree. C below the thermo-magnetic treatment temperature for a period of 30 minutes to 50 hours.

Abstract: In a method of polarization of a ferroelectric material having a Curie point at a temperature T.sub.c, the material is brought to a temperature above T.sub.c, subjected to a temperature gradient and then returned to a temperature below the Curie point. No electric field is applied, because the temperature gradient itself has been found to produce ferroelectric polarization under the described circumstances.

Abstract: A rectangular hysteresis magnetic alloy consisting of 0.5-25 wt. % of Ta the balance of Fe and a rectangular hysteresis magnetic alloy consisting of 0.5-25 wt. % of Ta, 0.01-60 wt. % in total amount of at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0-10% of V, 0-0.5% of Nb, 0-35% of Cr, 0-20% of Mo, 0-20% of W, 0-25% of Ni, 0-25% of Cu, 0-40% of Co, 0-5% of Ti, 0-5% of Zr, 0-5% of Si, 0-10% of Al, 0-5% of Ge, 0-5% of Sn, 0-5% of Sb, 0-3% of Be, 0-15% of Mn, 0-2% of Ce and 0-1.5% of C, and the balance of Fe have an excellent rectangular hysteresis loop, a coercive force of more than 2 oerstads, excellent forgeability and workability, and are particularly suitable as a magnetic material for electromagnetic devices requiring rectangular hysteresis loop.

Abstract: A process for the heat treatment of a steel rail which is at a temperature which is in the austenite range which comprises quenching at least the head portion of said rail in water maintained at a temperature of at least 80.degree. C until the temperature of said rail is such that said rail has completed the pearlite transformation and recovering a rail whose steel composition is characterized by such a fine pearlitic structure that it cannot be resolved by a light microscope but is not bainitic in structure.

Abstract: An alloy is described which contains between about 33 and 35% nickel, about 1 and 4% molybdenum and the balance iron with incidental impurities. The alloy is characterized by having a completely secondarily recrystallized structure, improved stability preventing substantial transformation to martensite at temperatures as low as -320.degree. F, high resistance and high initial permeability.

Abstract: A process is provided for improving magnetic properties of certain glassy metal alloys which comprises immersing toroidally wound cores of glassy metal alloy filaments in a thermally stable, nonferromagnetic, electrically inert and chemically unreactive liquid, maintaining the liquid at a temperature of between about 310.degree. and 350.degree. C for about 3/4 to 8 hrs., depending on the temperature selected, and cooling the filament to about 25.degree. C at a rate not greater than about 30.degree. C/min. through its Curie temperature. Optionally, a magnetic field of about 1 to 10 Oe may be applied circumferentially around the cores during cooling through the Curie temperature to further improve the magnetic properties of the glassy metal alloy.

Abstract: The discoloration or off-luster border area known as "annealing border", which may form on low-carbon steel strip during box annealing of coils in commercial HNX atmospheres is eliminated by (a) subjecting the strip to oxidizing conditions such that the coil edges undergo a weight gain of 0.08 to 0.8 mg/cm.sup.2 of strip surface and (b) reducing the so-formed oxide during box annealing.

Abstract: The discoloration or off-luster border area called "annealing border" which frequently forms on low carbon tin-mill gage steel coils during box annealing in commercial HNX atmospheres is prevented from forming by providing the steel with less than 0.25 wt. %, and preferably less than 0.20 wt. % free manganese in solid solution.

Abstract: A heat treated, wear-resistant high-permeability alloy consisting of Si, at least one element selected from Y and La series elements and Fe, and a heat treated, wear-resistant high-permeability alloy consisting of Si, Al, at least one element selected from Y and La series elements and Fe as main ingredients and containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Cu, Ge, Ti, Ni, Co, Mn, Zr, Sn, Sb, Be and Pb as subingredients, have an initial permeability of more than 1,000, a maximum permeability of more than 3,000, a hardness of more than 490 (Hv) and an average grain size of smaller than 2 mm, and are particularly suitable as a magnetic material for magnetic heads in magnetic recording and reproducing systems.

Abstract: The method is performed on a cylinder having at least one end opening for receiving a flange forming tool. An annular shoulder is formed extending from the outside of the cylinder substantially perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. Also, an annular extension is provided on the cylinder having an outside surface extending from the inside of the annular shoulder to the end of the cylinder. The length of the outside surface is formed to be greater than the radial width of the annular shoulder. A flange forming tool is then applied against the free end of the annular extension to move the annular extension until its formerly outside surface is against the annular shoulder to provide an end flange extending substantially perpendicularly to the axis of the cylinder.

Abstract: A magnetic alloy having superior effective permeability and good wear resistance characteristics for a magnetic head member consisting essentially of from 79 to 85 weight percent nickel, from 2 to 6 weight percent chromium, from 1 to 10 weight percent germanium, from and including 0 to 4 weight percent manganese, and from 9 to 17 weight percent iron.

Abstract: A rectangular hysteresis magnetic alloy consisting of 0.5-10 wt. % of Nb the balance of Fe and a rectangular hysteresis magnetic alloy consisting of 0.5-10 wt. % of Nb, 0.01-60 wt. % in total amount of at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0-10% of V, 0-25% of Ta, 0-25% of Cr, 0-20% of Mo, 0-10% of W, 0-30% of Ni, 0-20% of Cu, 0-45% of Co, 0-5% of Ti, 0-5% of Zr, 0-5% of Si, 0-5% of Al, 0-5% of Ge, 0-5% of Sn, 0-5% of Sb, 0-3% of Be, 0-15% of Mn, 0-2% of Ce and 0-1.5% of C, and the balance of Fe have an excellent rectangular hysteresis loop, a coercive force of more than 2 oersteds, excellent forgeability and workability and are particularly suitable as a magnetic material for electromagnetic devices requiring rectangular hysteresis loop.

Abstract: The disclosed magnetic devices, including a magnetically coupled conducting path, incorporate amorphous, low magnetostriction alloys of the general formula (Co.sub.a Fe.sub.b T.sub.c).sub.i X.sub.j, the "metallic" constituents thereof being within the parenthetical expression. T, in the formulation, is selected from among Ni, Cr, Mn, V, Ti, Mo, W, Nb, Zr, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag and Au, X being at least one "glass former" selected from among P, Si, B, C, As, Ge, Al, Ga, In, Sb, Bi and Sn. The "metallic" constituents comprise from 70-90 atomic percent of the alloy with cobalt being present in an amount of at least 70 atomic percent of the "metallic" constituents. The described material is prepared by rapid cooling from the liquid, directly to the shape needed for fabrication of the device (e.g., tape to be wound to form an inductor core).

Abstract: A method of sealing non-threaded boreholes with a preferably spherical sealing member comprising pressing the sealing member into the borehole in an unhardened raw material hardenable by nitridation, wedging the lip of the borehole and hardening the material by nitridation at a temperature at which at least some of the initial stress generated by the pressing is retained.

Abstract: A method of forming a rotary element for a wheel comprising a brake device provided for example with a brake disc and a bearing having an outer and an inner ring between which rolling elements in two rows are arranged, the rings being provided with a flange to which parts of the wheel or such mechanism can be attached, characterized in that at least the inner ring, the flange and the brake device part form a single homogeneous unit and are heat treated as a unit, the ring forming the running surface of the two rows of rolling element which center a cage.

Abstract: Magnetic alloys consisting of 68.0.about.73.0 weight % manganese, (1/10 Mn - 6.6).about.(1/3 Mn - 22.2) weight % carbon, the balance aluminum, which show wasp-waisted magnetic hysteresis loops with the ratio of the residual magnetization 4.pi.I.sub.r to the intensity of magnetization 4.pi.I.sub.10000 in a magnetic field of 10000 Oe, I.sub.r /I.sub.10000, falling 0.0.about.0.2.

Abstract: Reduced decarburization production of steel by providing a metallized, e.g., aluminized, adherent removable protective surface coating on the exterior of the steel workpiece prior to heating for hot-working and/or annealing, e.g., of the semi-finished billet, and metallized coating products thereby fabricated.

Abstract: A semi-hard magnetic alloy is described which consists of, by weight, 15-50% Co, 5-25% Ni, 1-9% Cr, balance Fe and incidental impurities and containing further a positive amount of up to 10% Cu or Ti. The alloy is characterized by exhibiting composite hysteresis characteristics as shown in FIG. 3 of the drawings. The alloy may be produced by a repetitive cold-working and subsequent annealing steps, the annealing step being carried out at temperatures of between 450.degree. and 750.degree. C.

Abstract: An extrusion billet is fabricated from layers of soft magnetic material separated by one or more metal layers. The billet is coreduced and heat treated to impart the desired magnetic properties to the soft magnetic material and also to form intermetallic insulating layers between the magnetic layers. Electric field shield sections are formed in a similar manner by placing relatively thick layers of copper between adjacent layers of metal located adjacent to the layers of soft magnetic material. The layers of soft magnetic metal can also be separated by a layer of semiconductor material; or a metal foil having a semiconductor-forming or high electrical resistivity forming material deposited thereon. In the latter case no extrusion is required. Instead, pressure and heat cause the materials to react and form either a semiconductor layer or a layer with an electrical resistivity higher than about 10.sup..sup.-4 ohm-cm between adjacent layers of soft magnetic metal.

Abstract: An anisotropic permanent magnet of an Mn-Al-C alloy containing 68.0% to 73.0% by weight of manganese, (1/10Mn-6.6)% to (1/3Mn-22.2)% by weight of carbon, and the remainder aluminum, which alloy is rendered anisotropic by deforming it plastically at a temperature of 530.degree. to 830.degree. C.The permanent magnet has excellent mechanical characteristics and magnetic properties such that the (BH) max is above 4.8 .times. 10.sup.6 G.Oe up to about 9.2 .times. 10.sup.6 G.Oe in its bulk state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel alloy consisting essentially of 13-18% nickel, 7-11% aluminum, 0.5 to 10% cobalt, 0.1 to 2% silicon and the remainder substantially all iron, as is produced by heating the alloy composition to a temperature of about 1650.degree. C. or above to form a melt and then casting the melt in a suitable mold. After solidification, the casting is heated to approximately 1150.degree. C., held at that temperature for a sufficient time to insure that the whole mass is heated uniformly, and then cooled at the rate of about 300.degree. C. per minute. Parts are then given an aging for the purpose of producing uniform magnetic properties throughout the casting. Magnets thus cast, heat-treated and aged as aforesaid produce very stable magnetic properties with typical values of Br = 10,000, Hc = 150 and BH max = .85.A further improvement in properties can be achieved by a second stage heat treatment wherein castings are heated to about 900.degree. C.

Abstract: Deep drawing quality, low carbon steel is strengthened by alloy-nitrogen precipitation strengthening. A deoxidized, low carbon steel sheet or strip stock, or article formed therefrom, containing from about 0.02% to 0.2% titanium in solution, from about 0.025% to 0.3% columbium in solution, from about 0.025% to 0.3% zirconium in solution, singly or in admixture, is heat treated at 1100.degree. to 1300.degree. F (593.degree. to 705.degree. C) in an atmosphere containing 1% to 20% by volume ammonia for a time sufficient to produce an iron nitride surface layer, and then denitrided in a hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere containing 6% to 50% hydrogen by volume at 1200.degree. to 1400.degree. F (649.degree. to 760.degree. C) for a time sufficient to remove the iron nitride surface layer and to reduce nitrogen in solid solution to less than 0.03% by weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel alloy consisting essentially of 13-18% nickel, 7-11% aluminum, 0.5 to 10% cobalt, 0.1 to 2% silicon and the remainder substantially all iron, as is produced by heating the alloy composition to a temperature of about 1650.degree. C or above to form a melt and then casting the melt in a suitable mold. After solidification, the casting is heated to approximately 1150.degree. C, held at that temperature for a sufficient time to insure that the whole mass is heated uniformly, and then cooled at the rate of about 300.degree. C per minute. Parts are then given an aging for the purpose of producing uniform magnetic properties throughout the casting. Magnets thus cast, heat-treated and aged as aforesaid produce very stable magnetic properties with typical values of Br = 10,000, Hc = 150 and BH max = .85.A further improvement in properties can be achieved by a second stage heat treatment wherein castings are heated to about 900.degree.