Abstract: A micro-nano incremental mechanical surface treatment method, comprising the following steps: using a modification tool having a designable end to contact a surface of a substrate material, rotating the modification tool in a local region and compressing the material surface, presetting processing parameters by means of 3D modeling software, and after the tool has processed the entire surface, enabling the tool to move downwards to the indented surface compressed previously. The process continues until the surface material is compressed to a pre-defined thickness, thereby achieving the goals of grain refinement and surface performance improvement. By means of the present method, a workpiece having a complex shape can be flexibly and designably surface modified. The method has the advantages of high bonding strength, no pollution, and low cost.

Abstract: A surface treated copper foil 1 includes a copper foil 2, and a first surface treatment layer 3 formed on one surface of the copper foil 2. The first surface treatment layer 3 of the surface treated copper foil 1 has a Ni concentration of 0.1 to 15.0 atm % based on the total amount of elements of C, N, O, Zn, Cr, Ni, Co, Si, and Cu, in an XPS depth profile obtained by performing sputtering at a sputtering rate of 2.5 nm/min (in terms of SiO2) for 1 minute. A copper clad laminate 10 includes the surface treated copper foil 1 and an insulating substrate 11 adhered to the first surface treatment layer 3 of the surface treated copper foil 1.

Abstract: Disclosed herein, amongst other things, is a gate and a related method of forming the gate, having structure and steps of providing a base of a first base material, the base having a gate area, adding a layer of a second material to the base in the gate area by an additive manufacturing process to form a metallurgical bond, wherein the second material has a characteristic that differentiates the second material from the first base material and modifying an inner surface in the gate area comprised of the second material to define the gate.

Abstract: A nanocrystal production method includes a light irradiation step of applying light to a surface of a metal material immersed in water to form nanocrystals on the surface. In this nanocrystal production method, the metal material contains iron, the nanocrystal contains at least one of iron oxide and iron hydroxide, and in the spectrum of the light, a wavelength at which the intensity is maximum is not less than 360 nm and less than 620 nm.

Abstract: A metal composite including an oxidized base metal and a fibrous composite material coupled by a self-assembled monolayer and adhesive is described. Additionally, a method of constructing a metal composite is described, wherein the method includes oxidizing a metal, depositing a self-assembled monolayer, and adhering a fibrous composite to the monolayer.

Abstract: A rapid discharge heating and forming apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a source of electrical energy and at least two electrodes configured to interconnect the source of electrical energy to a metallic glass sample. The apparatus also includes a shaping tool disposed in forming relation to the metallic glass sample. The source of electrical energy and the at least two electrodes are configured to deliver a quantum of electrical energy to the metallic glass sample to heat the metallic glass sample. The shaping tool is configured to apply a deformational force to shape the heated sample to an article. The at least two electrodes have a yield strength of at least 200 MPa, a Young's modulus that is at least 25% higher than the metallic glass sample, and an electrical resistivity that is lower than the metallic glass sample by a factor of at least 3.

Abstract: A controlling apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to: obtain a file comprising an image to be marked on a surface; analyze the image to be marked on the surface and determine one or more continuous areas of the image having the same fill color and on colors in the image; obtain information on the quality and thickness of the surface of the object to be marked; determine order in which the areas of the image with different colors are to be marked; determine on the basis of the determined and obtained information parameters for a laser marking apparatus separately for each area of the image with different colors; and store determined parameters in a marking file.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a medical cutting tool with low impalement resistance. [Solution] The edged medical cutting tool comprising a knife, trocar or cutting suture needle has a sharp edge (1) for incising living tissue and a flat part (2) that configures the edge, and the color of the portion of the flat part (2a) along the edge (1) differs from the color of the rest of the flat part (2b). The difference in color results from a difference in the thickness of an oxide film. Another edged medical cutting tool is configured of austenite stainless steel and has a sharp edge (1) for incising living tissue and a flat part (2) that configures the edge. The chrome content of the portion of the flat part (2a) along the edge is higher than the chrome content of the rest of the flat part (2b).

Abstract: The ferritic stainless steel foil has a composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.050% or less, Si: 0.20% or less, Mn: 0.20% or less, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.0050% or less, Cr: 10.5% or more and 20.0% or less, Ni: 0.01% or more and 1.00% or less, Al: more than 1.5% and less than 3.0%, Cu: 0.01% or more and 1.00% or less, N: 0.10% or less, and further contains one or more elements selected from Ti: 0.01% or more and 1.00% or less, Zr: 0.01% or more and 0.20% or less, and Hf: 0.01% or more and 0.20% or less, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. This enables a composite layer of an Al oxide layer and a Cr oxide layer to be formed on the surface of the ferritic stainless steel foil in a high-temperature oxidizing atmosphere at 800° C. or more.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor includes an anode body, a dielectric layer disposed on the anode body, and a cathode body. An organic polymer attached to the dielectric layer is disposed between the dielectric layer and the cathode body. The organic polymer has one or more groups selected from an acidic group and residues of the acidic group, and at least one of the one or more groups is incorporated into the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A circuit board comprises a first heat transfer structure including graphite or graphene, wherein at least a portion of the first heat transfer structure is disposed inside an insulating member and a primer layer is disposed on a surface of the first heat transfer structure. The first heat transfer structure may comprise a plurality of monomers, the monomers including a primer layer disposed on at least one surface of at least one layer of graphite or graphene.

Abstract: Provided is a wire grid polarizing plate. The wire grid polarizing plate comprises a light-transmitting substrate and wire grid patterns which are disposed on the light-transmitting substrate, and which are arranged to transmit first polarized light and to reflect second polarized light polarized in a direction perpendicular to that of the first polarized light, the wire grid patterns comprising target patterns comprising conductive structures shaped as closed curves, at least one of the conductive structures surrounding another one of the conductive structures with a gap therebetween.

Abstract: A method for improving the adhesive capacity of a protectively coated steel sheet is proposed, in which, in a continuous process, a protective coating based on Zn—Al—Mg is applied to the steel sheet and, in a further step, the protective coating undergoes a surface treatment in which an aqueous composition is applied in order to modify the natural oxide layer, which contains Al2O3 and MgO, without pickling this natural oxide layer as a result. In order to significantly increase adhesive capacity of the protectively coated steel sheet, the invention proposes skin-pass rolling the protectively coated steel sheet and then reacting the natural oxide layer with an aqueous fluoride-containing composition, reducing its MgO content in order to thus modify the natural oxide layer.

Abstract: A process for producing a crack-free and dense three-dimensional article of a gamma-prime precipitation-strengthened nickel-base superalloy, with more than 6 wt. % of [2 Al (wt. %)+Ti (wt. %)], which involves: (a) preparing a powder layer of a gamma-prime precipitation-strengthened nickel-based alloy material, with uniform thickness on a SLM apparatus substrate plate, or on a previously processed powder layer; (b) melting the prepared powder layer by scanning with a focused laser beam an article cross section area according to a three-dimensional sliced model with calculated cross sections, stored in the SLM control unit; (c) lowering the substrate plate by one layer thickness; and (d) repeating (a) to (c) until reaching a final cross section according to the three-dimensional sliced model, wherein, for (b), the laser power, focus diameter of the focal spot, and scan speed of the focused laser beam are adjusted to obtain heat dissipation welding.

Abstract: A method of reducing the formation of electrically resistive scale on a an article comprising a silicon-containing ferritic stainless subjected to oxidizing conditions in service includes, prior to placing the article in service, subjecting the article to conditions under which silica, which includes silicon derived from the steel, forms on a surface of the steel. Optionally, at least a portion of the silica is removed from the surface to placing the article in service. A ferritic stainless steel alloy having a reduced tendency to form silica on at least a surface thereof also is provided. The steel includes a near-surface region that has been depleted of silicon relative to a remainder of the steel.

Abstract: An article of manufacture and method of forming a borided material. An electrochemical cell is used to process a substrate to deposit a plurality of borided layers on the substrate. The plurality of layers are co-deposited such that a refractory metal boride layer is disposed on a substrate and a rare earth metal boride conforming layer is disposed on the refractory metal boride layer.

Abstract: A sensor device includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a functional element. The first electrode includes a first metallic material in which either a first passivation film is formed on a surface thereof or the first passivation film present on the surface thereof is lost, in association with changes in an environment of a measurement site. The second electrode includes a second metallic material different from the first metallic material, the second electrode being spaced apart from the first electrode. The functional element is configured to measure a difference in electric potential between the first electrode and the second electrode that changes depending on presence or absence of the first passivation film.

Abstract: In a thermal stencil-making machine, a thermosensitive stencil screen made by pasting a thermo sensitive material on a stencil-making side of a mesh screen for screen printing and a thermal perforator that perforates the thermosensitive stencil screen are relatively moved to each other to thermally perforate the thermosensitive material according to image information. The thermal stencil-making machine includes a residue remover that removes a melted residue generated on the stencil-making side of the thermosensitive stencil screen along a circumference of a perforated hole when the thermosensitive material is melted by the thermal perforator. The residue remover removes the melted residue while the thermosensitive stencil screen and the thermal perforator are relatively moved to each other.

Abstract: A sensor device includes a first electrode, a second electrode and a functional element. The first electrode includes a porous body having a connecting hole where adjacent holes communicate with each other with the porous body being in at least the vicinity of a surface of the first electrode. The second electrode is spaced apart from the first electrode. The functional element is configured to measure a difference in electric potential between the first electrode and the second electrode. The sensor device is configured to measure a state of a site to be measured based on the difference in electric potential as measured by the functional element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for enhancing a metallic coating on a steel strip or steel plate, the coating being melted by heating to a temperature above the melting temperature of the material of the coating, the heating taking place by irradiation of the surface of the coating with electromagnetic radiation having a high power density over a limited irradiation time of not more than 10 ?s, and the mandated irradiation time and the energy density introduced into the coating by the electromagnetic radiation being selected such that the coating melts completely over its entire thickness down to the boundary layer with the steel strip, thereby forming a thin alloy layer at the boundary layer between the coating and the steel strip.

Abstract: The present invention provides metallic materials for electronic components, having low degree of whisker formation, low adhesive wear property and high durability, and connector terminals, connectors and electronic components using such metallic materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a blackening treatment method for a black Cr—Co alloy plating film, the method comprising bringing a black Cr—Co alloy plating film having a Cr content of 1 to 15 wt. % into contact with a blackening treatment solution comprising an aqueous solution with a pH value of ?1 to 5. According to the present invention, the blackish color of a less blackish plating film formed from a plating bath containing trivalent chromium is enhanced to further improve decorativeness. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance of the film can be more improved by performing electrolytic chromate treatment after blackening treatment.

Abstract: Method for producing oxide layers which protect against wear and/or corrosion on barrier layer-forming metals, preferably aluminium, magnesium and titanium, alloys and mixtures thereof by means of laser treatment, characterised in that on the surface a continuous near-surface oxygen-plasma is produced to form the oxide layer.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve the laser drilling performance of a copper clad laminate whose black-oxide treated surface is used as a laser drilled surface. To achieve the object, a copper foil provided with a carrier foil comprising a layer structure of the carrier foil/the releasing layer/the bulk copper layer characterized in that metal element-containing particles are disposed between the releasing layer and the bulk copper layer is employed. If the present copper foil provided with a carrier foil is used, a black-oxide treated layer having a color tone excellent in the laser drilling performance can be formed on the surface of the bulk copper layer in the copper clad laminate manufactured.

Abstract: A hard and wear resistant coating for a body includes at least one metal based nitride layer having improved high temperature performance. The layer is (Zr1-x-zSixMez)Ny with 0<x<0.30, 0.90<y<1.20, 0?z<0.25, and Me is one or more of the elements Y, Ti, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W and Al, comprised of a single cubic phase, a single hexagonal phase or a mixture thereof, with a cubic phase of a sodium chloride structure and a thickness between 0.5 ?m and 15 ?m. The layer is deposited using cathodic arc evaporation and is useful for metal cutting applications generating high temperatures.

Abstract: This surface treatment method comprises a rustproofing step, a rinsing step, and a cleaning step. In the rustproofing step, a rustproofing liquid containing orthophosphoric acid and an organic acid is used to perform a rustproofing treatment on the surface of a steel material. In the rinsing step, a treatment liquid containing an oxo acid salt of a transition metal is used to perform a rinsing treatment on the surface of the steel material. In the cleaning step, the surface of the steel material that has undergone the rinsing step is subjected to a cleaning treatment.

Abstract: A hydride assembling system includes a first spool configured to support a sensor tube assembly comprising a wire disposed within a sensor tube. Also included is a hydrogen inlet fluidly coupled to the first spool for providing hydrogen from a hydrogen plenum. Further included is a second spool configured to receive the sensor tube assembly as the sensor tube assembly is fed from the first spool. Yet further included is a heated section at a temperature above an ambient temperature and configured to heat the sensor tube assembly as the sensor tube assembly is fed through the heated section.

Abstract: A method for processing a transparent substrate includes generating at least one laser pulse having laser parameters selected for non-ablatively changing a conductive layer disposed on the transparent substrate into a non-conductive feature, and directing the pulse to said conductive layer. A protective film may be affixed to a surface of the transparent substrate and need not be removed during the processing of the substrate. After processing, processed areas can be visually indistinguishable from unprocessed areas.

Abstract: The present invention solves numerous problems in state-of-the-art industrial anti-corrosion protection by using a reactive silicon oxide precursor solution. Among the problems solved are those of decreased heat transfer over a protected surface, limited protection against high-temperature corrosive fluids and difficulties in protecting complex 3D geometries and surfaces with a high surface roughness. The present invention furthermore provides an easy way of making chemical surface functionalization using e.g. silane chemistry. The invention solves these problems by coating the surface of a ceramic or metallic part with a thin layer of a liquid solution of a reactive silicon oxide precursor (rSiO-p) such as Hydrogen Silsesquioxane (HSQ) in Methyl Isobytul Ketone (MIBK) or volatile methyl siloxane (VMS), heating the part to a curing temperature of the rSiO-p, and after a curing time the reactive silicon oxide precursor is transformed into a thin layer of essentially pin-hole free silicon oxide.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments described herein relate to methods and apparatus for forming a coating layer at least partially on surface of a BMG article formed of bulk solidifying amorphous alloys. In embodiments, the coating layer may be formed in situ during formation of a BMG article and/or post formation of a BMG article. The coating layer may provide the BMG article with surface hardness, wear resistance, surface activity, corrosion resistance, etc.

Abstract: A magnetic storage and retrieval system and a manufacturing technique thereof are disclosed herein. A chemical reaction is triggered upon a surface of each Metallic layer of a plurality of metallic layers disposed on a substrate. It is also determined whether a metallic material of the surface has transformed to a new metallic material that is more chemically resistant than the metallic material.

Abstract: Apparatus and systems may operate to provide a first reactant as a gas that flows under reduced atmospheric pressure to interact with a surface, such as a tool body surface, the interaction confined to a passage within the tool body, wherein the passage includes the surface and extends without interruption from an entrance end of the passage to an exit end of the passage. Additional activity may include providing a second reactant as a gas under the reduced atmospheric pressure, subsequent to the first reactant, to interact with the surface of the tool body; and repeated provision of the first and second reactants until a selected coating thickness on the surface is formed. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A wear-resistant titanium metal member includes a substrate having a carburized layer formed by plasma carburizing and a polished surface having a surface roughness Ra of 0.01 to 0.80 ?m formed on the surface of the carburized layer, a titanium oxide layer superposed on the polished surface, and an amorphous carbon (GLC) layer superposed on the titanium oxide layer. The GLC layer is rigid and has a flat and smooth surface, so that it is free of stress concentration. By adjusting the plasma carburizing temperature and the concentration of the carburizing gas, carbon ions can penetrate the polished surface and form the carburized layer under the polished surface.

Abstract: Embodiments herein relate processes for bulk solidifying amorphous metal alloys by rapid capacitor discharge.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a plasma etching system may include a process gas source, a plasma processing chamber, and a gas supply conduit. A plasma can be formed from a process gas recipe in the plasma processing chamber. The gas supply conduit may include a corrosion resistant layered structure forming an inner recipe contacting surface and an outer environment contacting surface. The corrosion resistant layered structure may include a protective silicon layer, a passivated coupling layer and a stainless steel layer. The inner recipe contacting surface can be formed by the protective silicon layer. The passivated coupling layer can be disposed between the protective silicon layer and the stainless steel layer. The passivated coupling layer can include chrome oxide and iron oxide. The chrome oxide can be more abundant in the passivated coupling layer than the iron oxide.

Abstract: A metal layer is formed on a highly light-transmissive substrate; a resist mask having an opening pattern is formed on the metal layer; exposed portions of the metal layer is etched away in this state to form openings; then the resist mask is removed; and a surface of the metal layer and an inner side wall of each of the openings are oxidized to form a metal oxide layer. Thus, a front surface and a rear surface of the aperture plate are caused to have different reflectances. The oxide layer is formed at the same time as when the resist mask is ashed to remove resist.

Abstract: A method is provided which includes forming a metal layer and converting at least a portion of the metal layer to a hydrated metal oxide layer. Another method is provided which includes selectively depositing a dielectric layer upon another dielectric layer and selectively depositing a metal layer adjacent to the dielectric layer. Consequently, a microelectronic topography is formed which includes a metal feature and an adjacent dielectric portion comprising lower and upper layers of hydrophilic and hydrophobic material, respectively. A topography including a metal feature having a single layer with at least four elements lining a lower surface and sidewalls of the metal feature is also provided herein. The fluid/s used to form such a single layer may be analyzed by test equipment configured to measure the concentration of all four elements. In some cases, the composition of the fluid/s may be adjusted based upon the analysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a component {1, 2, 3, 4, 6) within the interior of a vehicle. Specifically, the present invention relates to a part of a seat-structure. The present invention further relates to a process to produce a component { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6) Within the interior of a vehicle.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is method of manufacturing an automobile part having different local strengths, more particularly, a method of manufacturing an automobile part using a steel sheet subjected to heat-treatment hardening and having different local thicknesses. The method includes preparing blank sheets using steel sheets subjected to heat-treatment hardening and having different thicknesses or different material properties according to desired strength; forming a blank assembly by joining the blank sheets to each other via laser welding; cold-pressing the blank assembly; and heating the cold-pressed part to a temperature of AC3 or more, followed by quenching the cold-formed part received within dies to remove residual stress while increasing strength of the automobile part.

Abstract: An example method for manufacturing a magneto-resistance effect element having a magnetic layer, a free magnetization layer, and a spacer layer includes forming a first metallic layer and forming, on the first metallic layer, a second metallic layer. A first conversion treatment is performed to convert the second metallic layer into a first insulating layer and to form a first metallic portion penetrating through the first insulating layer. A third metallic layer is formed on the first insulating layer and the first metallic portion. A second conversion treatment is performed to convert the third metallic layer into a second insulating layer and to form a second metallic portion penetrating through the second insulating layer.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for improving the corrosion behavior of cast magnesium alloy articles in which the magnesium alloy comprises an average composition of more than about 5 per cent by weight of aluminum. A microstructure with regions of varying aluminum content is developed during solidification. The microstructure comprises magnesium-rich grains generally surrounded by an aluminum-enriched phase on the boundaries between adjacent grains The magnesium-rich grain interiors are then selectively chemically or electrochemically attacked to leave a more corrosion resistant aluminum-enriched surface on the articles. The corrosion resistance of the articles may be further enhanced by one or more of anodizing, aluminizing or painting the corrosion-resistant aluminum-enriched surface.

Abstract: A blade that includes a body formed from a carbon steel material is provided. The body has a cutting edge portion and a side surface. The side surface has a colored oxide layer formed thereon. Selected portions of the oxide layer have been removed to reveal the underlying carbon steel material so as to provide indicia on the surface of the blade by virtue of a color contrast between the colored oxide layer and the revealed carbon steel material. A method of manufacturing such a blade is also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing a steel component provided with a metallic coating which protects against corrosion, in which a steel flat product, produced from an alloyed heat-treated steel, is coated with an Al coating which contains ?85% wt. Al and optionally ?15% wt. Si, a Zn coating with ?90% wt. Zn, and a top layer, the main constituent of which is at least one metal salt of phosphoric acid or diphosphoric acid and which additionally can contain contents of up to 45% of an Al:Zn ratio as well as optionally metal oxides, metal hydroxides and/or sulphur compounds, the steel flat product is heat treated at ?750° C., and the steel component is hot-formed from the heated steel flat product. The hot-formed steel component is cooled at a cooling rate sufficient to form a tempered or martensitic structure.

Abstract: A low friction top coat over a multilayer metal/ceramic bondcoat provides a conductive substrate, such as a rotary tool, with wear resistance and corrosion resistance. The top coat further provides low friction and anti-stickiness as well as high compressive stress. The high compressive stress provided by the top coat protects against degradation of the tool due to abrasion and torsional and cyclic fatigue. Substrate temperature is strictly controlled during the coating process to preserve the bulk properties of the substrate and the coating. The described coating process is particularly useful when applied to shape memory alloys.

Abstract: The present invention provides strategies for making high quality CIGS photoabsorbing compositions from sputtered precursor film(s). The precursors are converted into CIGS photoabsorbing material via a chalcogenizing treatment (also referred to as “post-chalcogenization,” including, e.g., “post-selenization” when Se is used and/or “post-sulfurization” when S is used) using techniques that allow the post-chalcogenizing treatment to occur under atypically low pressure conditions. Consequently, the strategies of the invention are readily incorporated into batch processes or continuous processes such as roll-to-roll process occurring under vacuum. The present invention is useful at lab, pilot plant, and industrial scales.

Abstract: The present invention relates to wear-resistant mechanical parts.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a liquid-discharge head substrate including a base material provided with an energy generating element that generates energy utilized for discharging liquid, a noble metal layer including noble metal provided on a surface of the base material on energy generating element side, and a material layer provided to come into contact with the noble metal layer. The manufacturing method includes preparing the base material on which the material layer is provided, oxidizing a part of a surface of the material layer by discharging electricity in oxygen-containing gas, and providing the noble metal layer on the base material.

Abstract: A substrate for selenium compound semiconductor has at least a steel base and an aluminum base. The aluminum base is arranged on one end in a direction of lamination of the steel base and the aluminum base, the steel base is arranged on the other end in the direction. An alloy layer having a thickness of from 0.01 ?m to 10 ?m is formed between the steel base and the aluminum base. A thermal oxide film having a thickness of 6 nm or more is formed on a surface of the steel base opposite to the aluminum base.

Abstract: A tinned steel sheet includes an Sn-containing plating layer disposed on at least one surface of a steel sheet and in which mass per unit area of Sn is 0.05 to 20 g/m2; a first chemical conversion coating disposed on the Sn-containing plating layer and contains P and Sn, and in which mass per unit area of P is 0.3 to 10 mg/m2; a second chemical conversion coating disposed on the first chemical conversion coating and contains P and Al, and in which mass per unit area of P is 1.2 to 10 mg/m2 and mass per unit area of Al is 0.24 to 8.7 mg/m2; and a silane coupling agent-treating layer formed with the silane coupling agent disposed on the second chemical conversion coating and has a mass per unit area of Si of 0.10 to 100 mg/m2.

Abstract: A method for treating a Zr-alloy fuel bundle material in a nuclear reactor includes treating a surface of the Zr-alloy fuel bundle material with a laser beam generated by a solid-state laser, and a nuclear reactor including a treated Zr-alloy fuel bundle material. This may reduce the generation of shadow corrosion and/or reduce the propensity for interference between control blade and fuel channel during operation of the nuclear reactor.