Abstract: A nodular iron alloy and automotive components, such as a crankshaft, are provided. The nodular iron alloy may include iron, about 2.2-3.2 wt % carbon, about 1.7-2.3 wt % silicon, about 0.2-0.6 wt % manganese, a maximum of 0.03 wt % phosphorus, a maximum of 0.02 wt % sulfur, about 0.2-0.6 wt % copper, about 0.1-0.4 wt % chromium, about 0.4-0.8 wt % nickel, about 0.15-0.45 wt % molybdenum, about 0.2-1.0 wt % cobalt, about 0.02-0.06 wt % magnesium, and a maximum of 0.002 wt % rare earth element(s). The nodular iron alloy may have a Young's modulus in the range of 175-195 GPa and an as-cast ultimate tensile strength in the range of 750-950 MPa. This alloy possesses favorable strength, stiffness and noise/vibration/harshness qualities, making it suitable in crankshaft applications. A method of forming the nodular iron alloy includes feeding a magnesium-based material into a molten iron alloy through a continuous system at a constant amount.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a hypoid gear includes face hobbing a gear blank and forming a green hypoid gear with gear teeth, heat treating the green hypoid gear to form a heat treated hypoid gear with heat treated gear teeth, and hard hobbing the heat treated gear teeth to form a hard finished hypoid gear. Critical non-tooth features on the heat treated hypoid gear are hard finished. Also, the critical non-tooth features on the heat treated hypoid gear can be hard finished prior to hard hobbing the heat treated gear teeth. The heat treating includes at least one of carburizing and induction hardening the green hypoid gear, a surface of the heat treated gear teeth has a hardness greater than or equal to 58 HRC, and the hard hobbing removes heat distortion from the heat treated gear teeth.

Abstract: A cylinder liner is disclosed. The cylinder liner may include a hollow generally cylindrical body extending from a top end to a bottom end along a longitudinal axis, and an annular flange extending radially outwardly from the top end of the body. The cylinder liner may also include an annular recess adjacent the flange at a side closest to the bottom end of the body. The recess may have first and second axial ends, a substantially straight portion extending between the first and second axial ends, and at least one fillet formed at an intersection between the straight portion and at least one of the first and second axial ends. A roll-burnishing operation may be performed on the straight portion and the at least one fillet in a direction along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: Remanufacturing a used cylinder liner includes receiving a used cylinder liner having a fillet relieved of residual compressive stress via service in an engine, and compressing a material substrate of the cylinder liner forming a fatigue sensitive fillet, such that a non-uniform profile of the fillet is reshaped via plastic deformation of the material substrate. Residual compressive stress is restored to the fillet at least in part via the plastic deformation. A mask and used cylinder liner assembly for processing the used cylinder liner during remanufacturing is also disclosed.

Abstract: A nodular graphite cast iron, a method for fabricating a vane for a rotary compressor using nodular graphite cast iron, and a vane for a rotary compressor using the same are provided. The nodular graphite cast iron includes 3.4 wt % to 3.9 wt % of carbon (C), 2.0 wt % to 3.0 wt % of silicon (Si), 0.3 wt % to 1.0 wt % of manganese (Mn), 0.1 wt % to 1.0 wt % of chromium (Cr), 0.04 wt % to 0.15 wt % of titanium (Ti), less than 0.08 w % of phosphorus (P), less than 0.025 wt % of sulphur (S), 0.03 wt % to 0.05 wt % of magnesium (Mg), 0.02 wt % to 0.04 wt % of rare earth resource, iron (Fe) and impurities as the remnants, and includes a bainite matrix structure, nodular graphite, and 15 vol % to 35 vol % of carbide.

Abstract: This disclosure deals with a class of metal alloys with advanced property combinations applicable to metallic sheet production. More specifically, the present application identifies the formation of metal alloys of relatively high strength and ductility and the use of one or more cycles of elevated temperature treatment and cold deformation to produce metallic sheet at reduced thickness with relatively high strength and ductility.

Abstract: A high-ductility, high-strength and high Mn steel strip used for steel strips of automobiles requiring superior formability and high strength, a plated steel strip produced by using the same, and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The high Mn steel strip comprises, by weight %, 0.2˜1.5% of C, 10˜25% of Mn, 0.01˜3.0% of Al, 0.005˜2.0% of Si, 0.03% or less of P, 0.03% or less of S, 0.040% or less of N, and the balance of Fe and other unavoidable impurities. The high-ductility, high-strength and high Mn steel strip, and the plated steel strip produced by using the same have superior surface properties and plating characteristics.

Abstract: A bearing steel includes, as a metallographic structure, inclusions which contain complex oxysulfides including Rare Earth Metal, Ca, O, S, and Al, TiN, MnS, Al2O3, and complex oxides including Al and Ca, wherein, a number fraction of the complex oxysulfides in a total number of the inclusions is 50% to less than 100% and a number of complex oxysulfides having a major axis of 5 ?m or more is 0.001 pieces to 2 pieces in an observed section of 1 mm2, and a number of TiN existing independently from the complex oxysulfides and having a major axis of 5 ?m or more is 0.001 pieces to less than 1.0 piece in an observed section of 1 mm2.

Abstract: An alloy cast iron, a method of manufacturing a vane for a rotary compressor, and a vane for a rotary compressor using the alloy cast iron are disclosed. The alloy cast iron according to one exemplary embodiment includes, by weight, 3.2 to 3.8% carbon, 2.0 to 2.6% silicon, 0.5 to 1.0% Manganese, 0.2 to 0.6% chrome, 0.1 to 0.6% molybdenum, 0.04 to 0.15% titanium, less than 0.3% phosphorus, less than 0.1% sulphur, and the rest percentage of iron and foreign materials, wherein the alloy cast iron includes a martensitic matrix structure, flake graphite, and 15 to 30% carbide in volume ratio.

Abstract: An alloy cast iron, and a method of manufacturing a rolling piston for a rotary compressor includes, by weight, 3.0˜3.5% carbon (C), 2.2˜2.4% silicon (Si), 0.5˜1.0% manganese (Mn), 0.1˜0.3% phosphorus (P), 0.06˜0.08% sulfur (S), 0.7˜1.0% chrome (Cr), 0.6˜1.0% copper (Cu), and a residue formed of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein 3˜8 vol % steadite structure is formed.

Abstract: A method for the production of an annular casing for the press rollers of roller presses for the pressure comminution of particulate material, the outer surface of which casing always has a high degree of hardness and consequently a high wear-resisting capability, but the radially inner region of which casing has a lower degree of hardness to avoid casing ruptures. The annular casing is cast of nodular cast iron with at least the alloying elements Ni and Mo. The cast body is given a bainitic structure with residual austenite by a subsequent heat treatment followed by controlled cooling. The outer surface is constantly re-hardened during use via pressure loading such that martensite is constantly formed in boundary layers of the outer surface.

Abstract: A component for wind turbines includes cast austempered ductile iron containing about 3.0 to about 3.8 weight percent carbon, about 1.9 to about 2.8 weight percent silicon, up to about 0.3 weight percent manganese, up to about 0.8 weight percent copper, up to about 2.0 weight percent nickel, up to about 0.3 weight percent molybdenum, about 0.03 to about 0.06 weight percent magnesium, less than about 0.05 weight percent chromium, less than about 0.02 weight percent vanadium, and less than about 0.01 weight percent sulfur. The component is preferably a drive shaft or gearbox component having a mass of more than about 3 tons. A method of manufacturing the component is also provided.

Abstract: A density reducing high carbon containing or UHC-steel and particular a superplastic steel, which besides iron and impurities conventionally accompanying steel, contains the following alloy components in wt. %: 0.8 to 2.5% C 3.5 to 15% Al 0.5 to 4% Cr 0.01 to 4% Si up to 4% Ni, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ta, V, and/or W, wherein the steel includes as additional alloy components 0.1 to 0.85 Sn, and 0 to 3% Ti, Be and/or Ga.

Abstract: An annular casing for the press rollers of roller presses for the pressure comminution of particulate material, the outer surface of which casing always has a high degree of hardness and consequently a high wear-resisting capability, but the radially inner region of which casing has a lower degree of hardness to avoid casing ruptures, it is proposed according to the invention that the material of the casing consists of nodular cast iron with at least the alloying elements Ni and Mo and with a bainitic structure with residual austenite, and in that, to achieve a self-hardening surface, the boundary layer of the annular casing—contains martensite, which is constantly renewed by external pressure loading of the casing surface when the press roller is in operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel for mechanical construction, wherein its composition in percentages by weight is: 0.35%?C?1.2%; 0.10%?Mn?2.0%; 0.10%?Si?3.0%; traces?Cr?4.5%; traces?Mo?2.0%; traces?Ni?4.5%; traces?V?0.5%; traces?Cu?3.5% with Cu?Ni %+0.6 Si % if Cu?0.5%; traces?P?0.200%, traces?Bi?0.200%, traces?Sn?0.150%, traces?As?0.100%, traces?Sb?0.150%, with 0.050%?P %+Bi %+Sn %+As %+Sb %?0.200%, traces?Al?0.060%; traces?Ca ?0.050%; traces?B?0.01%; traces?S?0.200%; traces?Te?0.020%; traces?Se?0.040%; traces?Pb?0.070%; traces?Nb?0.050%; traces?Ti?0.050%; the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the manufacture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a steel for mechanical construction, wherein its composition in percentages by weight is: 0.35%?C?2.5%; 0.10%?Mn?2.5%; 0.60%?Si?3.0%; traces?Cr?4.5%; traces?Mo?2.0%; traces?Ni?4.5%; traces?V?0.5%; traces?Cu?4% with Cu?Ni %+0.6 Si % if Cu?0.5%; traces?Al?0.060%; traces?Ca?0.050%; traces?B?0.01%; traces?S?0.200%; traces?Te?0.020%; traces?Se?0.040%; traces?Pb?0.070%; traces?Nb?0.050%; traces?Ti?0.050%; the remainder being iron and impurities resulting from the manufacture. The invention also relates to a method of hot-shaping a steel part, wherein a billet of steel of the preceding composition is obtained, it is heated to a temperature between the solidus and the liquidus so as to obtain a liquid phase and a globular solid phase, shaping of the said billet is carried out by thixoforging so as to obtain the said part, and cooling of the said part is carried out. Finally, the invention relates to a steel part thus obtained.

Abstract: A process for producing a compacted graphite iron (CGI) article, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a CGI base iron having a composition comprising, in weight percentages, about 3.2 to 3.8 total C, 2.8 to 4.0 Si and the balance at least Fe and incidental impurities; (b) treating, controlling and casting the alloy in a manner known per se; (c) allowing the cast component to cool in the mould to a temperature of at least 775° C.; (d) cleaning the casting in a manner known per se and machining the casting to produce a finished article.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing steel sheet comprises the steps of: rough-rolling to form a sheet bar; finish-rolling the sheet bar to form a steel strip; applying primary cooling and secondary cooling to the finish-rolled steel strip; and coiling the secondary-cooled steel strip. The primary cooling is conducted at cooling speeds of 120° C./sec or more down to the temperatures of from 500 to 800° C. The secondary cooling is conducted at cooling speeds of less than 60° C./sec.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide high-strength steel sheets exhibiting high impact energy absorption properties, as steel materials, to be used for shaping and working into such parts as front side members of automobiles which absorb impact energy upon collision, as well as a method for their production.

Abstract: A copper alloy having improved resistance to cracking due to localized plastic deformation and the process of making it. The alloy consists essentially of: from 0.7 to 3.5 weight percent nickel; from 0.2 to 1 weight percent silicon; from 0.05 to 1 weight percent tin; from 0.26 to 1 weight percent iron; and the balance copper and unavoidable impurities. The copper alloy has a local ductility index of greater than 0.7 and a tensile elongation exceeding 5%. Cobalt may be substituted for iron, in whole or in part, on a 1:1 basis by weight. The alloy is precipitation hardenable and useful for electronic applications, including without limitation, connectors.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for manufacturing hot-rolled steel strips from a continuously cast primary material, preferably thin slabs, in a plurality of successive steps in a continuous operation is disclosed. In the invention, thin slabs, which leave an equalizing furnace, are heated above the maximum temperature that can be achieved in the equalizing furnace and are thereafter are broken down in a break-down train, with the broken-down thin slabs being subsequently recrystallized and cooled down to a rolling temperature before being finish-rolled in the finishing train.

Abstract: A high speed tool steel and a manufacturing method therefor are disclosed, in which carbides are formed in the matrix in a uniform manner, thereby obtaining a high toughness and a high abrasion resistance. The high speed tool steel according to the present invention includes a basic composition of W.sub.a Mo.sub.b Cr.sub.c Co.sub.d V.sub.x C.sub.y Fe.sub.z where the subscripts meet in weight %: 5.0%.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.7.0%, 4.0%.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.6.0%, 3.0%.ltoreq.c.ltoreq.5.0%, 6.5%.ltoreq.d.ltoreq.9.5%, 2.2%.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.8.3%, 1.1%.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.2.18%, and 66.52%.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.73.7%. The final structure has carbides uniformly distributed within a martensite matrix, which are mainly MC and M.sub.6 C carbides. The method includes the steps of melting the above-defined alloy composition, gas spraying the melted alloy to form a bulk material, heat treating the bulk material to decompose the M.sub.2 C carbides to stabilize M.sub.6 C carbides and hot working the heat treated bulk material to a desired shape.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved aluminum base alloy comprising an improved aluminum base alloy comprising 0.2 to 2 wt. % Si, 0.3 to 1.7 wt. % Mg, 0 to 1.2 wt. % Cu, 0 to 1.1 wt. % Mn, 0.01 to 0.4 wt. % Cr, and at least one of the elements selected from the group consisting of 0.01 to 0.3 wt. % V, 0.001 to 0.1 wt. % Be and 0.01 to 0.1 wt. % Sr, the remainder comprising aluminum, incidental elements and impurities. Also disclosed are methods of casting and thermomechanical processing of the alloy.

Abstract: Composition and process for the manufacture of wear-resistant white iron, and articles made therefrom. A melt is solidified that contains iron, carbon and at least two carbide forming elements selected from silicon, manganese, chromium or mixtures thereof. Optionally, the melt contains one or more additional alloying elements selected from vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, aluminum or mixtures thereof. The alloying elements are incorporated in the melt in proportions and amounts sufficient to form, during solidification, a eutectic that is based on a metastable, non-cementite type carbide.

Abstract: This invention relates to a austenitic stainless steel thin sheet devoid of work-surface roughening, produced by a continuous casting method of a strip comprising a composition which contains not greater than 0.09% of C+N and has an Md.sub.30 of 30.degree. to 60.degree. C., and in which colonies A comprising {112}<111>, etc., and colonies B comprising {110}<111>, etc., exist in a uniform mixture in the steel sheet. As to colony dimensions, d.sub.RD (A) and d.sub.RD (B) are not greater than 300 .mu.m and d.sub.TD (A) and d.sub.TD (B) are not greater than 200 .mu.m. Solidification cooling is carried out at a cooling rate of at least 100.degree. C./sec, and cooling is carried out to 1,200.degree. C. at a rate of 50.degree. C./sec after solidification. Cold rolling is effected by twice cold rolling with interposed intermediate annealing. In this way, there can be obtained a austenitic strip cast stainless steel sheet not causing work-surface roughening.

Abstract: A process for deforming white cast iron. A melt is prepared containing iron, carbon and one or more alloying elements. The melt is cooled at a rate of approximately 2.degree. C. per minute or faster to form a white cast iron material. The white cast iron material is annealed at a temperature of about 100.degree. C. to about 400.degree. C. below the solidus temperature of the white cast iron material. The white cast iron is plastically deformed.

Abstract: A method of making a steel article having a "Damascus" surface pattern wherein a steel melt comprising about 1.0 to about 2.0 weight % carbon is solidified to form an ingot, the ingot is heated between about 1100.degree. to about 1299.degree. C. for a time at temperature of about 5 to about 12 hours, a malleable envelope is formed about the ingot separately or concurrently with the heat treatment, and the enveloped ingot is shaped (e.g., forged) initially at an ingot temperature above the A.sub.r-gr temperature but below the liquidus temperature and then at an ingot temperature below the A.sub.cm temperature. The envelope is then removed from the shaped ingot.