Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, one or more thermal forming treatments may be predicted to achieve a desired shape and/or microstructure in a workpiece.

Abstract: A duplex stainless steel containing C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, Ni, Cr, Mo, N (nitrogen, O (oxygen), Ca, Mg, Cu, B, and W, and the balance Fe and impurities, where a number of oxide-based inclusions, which have a total content of Ca and Mg of 20 to 40% by mass and also have a long diameter of not less than 7 ?m, is not more than a 10 per 1 mm2 of the cross section perpendicular to the working direction, or further, the number of oxide-based inclusions, which have a content of S of not less than 15% by mass and also have a long diameter of not less than 1 ?m, is not more than 10 per 0.1 mm2 of the cross section perpendicular to the working direction. Particularly, the contents of Cu, B and W are desirably 0.2 to 2%, 0.001 to 0.01%, and 0.1 to 4% by mass, respectively.

Abstract: Material for stainless steel sheets is heated to a temperature within a range of 850 to 1250° C. and cooled at a rate 1° C./s or faster, the material including 0.02% by mass or less of C, 1.0% by mass or less of Si, 2.0% by mass or less of Mn, 0.04% by mass or less of P, 0.01% by mass or less of S, 0.1% by mass or less of Al, 11% by mass or more but less than 17% by mass of Cr, 0.5% by mass or more but, less than 3.0% by mass of Ni, and 0.02% by mass or less of N, so as to satisfy specific relationships between the compositions.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet contains abut 0.01 percent by mass or less of carbon; about 1.0 percent by mass or less of silicon; about 1.5 percent by mass or less of manganese; about 11 to about 23 percent by mass of chromium; about 0.06 percent by mass or less of phosphorous; about 0.03 percent by mass or less of sulfur; about 1.0 percent by mass or less of aluminum; about 0.04 percent by mass or less of nitrogen; about 0.0005 to about 0.01 percent by mass of boron; about 0.3 percent by mass or less of vanadium; about 0.8 percent by mass or less of niobium and/or about 1.0 percent by mass or less of titanium wherein 18?Nb/(C+N)+2(Ti/(C+N))?60; and the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities. The average crystal grain diameter is about 40 ?m or less and the average surface roughness is about 0.3 ?m or less.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet for use in automobile fuel tanks and fuel pipes having smooth surface and resistance to organic acid is provided. The sheet contains, by mass, not more than about 0.1% C, not more than about 1.0 Si, not more than about 1.5% Mn, not more than about 0.06% P, not more than about 0.03% S, about 11% to about 23% Cr, not more than about 2.0% Ni, about 0.5% to about 3.0% Mo, not more than about 1.0% Al, not more than about 0.04% N, at least one of not more than about 0.8% Nb and not more than about 1.0% Ti, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, satisfying the relationship: 18?Nb/(C+N)+2Ti/(C+N)?60, wherein C, N, Nb, and Ti in the relationship represent the C, N, Nb, and Ti contents by mass percent, respectively. A process for making the same is also provided.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a striking plate of a golf club head includes the steps of soft heat-treating a flat metal blank to increase its malleability, stamping out a striking plate with an integral wall and a bend portion from the flat metal blank, precise machining the striking plate, and age hardening the striking plate to precipitation harden it and improve its mechanical properties after it has been joined to a main body of the golf club head.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet has a composition of C up to 0.02 mass %, Si up to 0.8 mass %, Mn up to 1.5 mass %, P up to 0.050 mass %, S up to 0.01 mass %, 8.0-35.0 mass % of Cr, N up to 0.05 mass %, 0.05-0.40 mass % of Ti and 0.10-0.50 mass % of Nb with a product of (% Ti×% N) less than 0.005. Precipitates of 0.15 &mgr;m or more in particle size except TiN are distributed in a steel matrix at a rate of 5000-50000/mm2. The steel sheet is manufactured by hot-rolling a slab at a finish-temperature of 800° C. or lower, annealing the hot-rolled steel sheet at 450-1080° C., cold-rolling the hot-rolled steel sheet in accompaniment with intermediate-annealing at a temperature within a range of from (a recrystallization-finishing temperature −100° C.) to (a recrystallization-finishing temperature) and then finish-annealing the cold-rolled steel sheet at 1080° C. or lower.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet for use in automobile fuel tanks and fuel pipes having smooth surface and resistance to organic acid is provided. The sheet contains, by mass, not more than about 0.1% C, not more than about 1.0 Si, not more than about 1.5% Mn, not more than about 0.06% P, not more than about 0.03% S, about 11% to about 23% Cr, not more than about 2.0% Ni, about 0.5% to about 3.0% Mo, not more than about 1.0% Al, not more than about 0.04% N, at least one of not more than about 0.8% Nb and not more than about 1.0% Ti, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, satisfying the relationship: 18≦Nb/(C+N)+2Ti/(C+N)≦60, wherein C, N, Nb, and Ti in the relationship represent the C, N, Nb, and Ti contents by mass percent, respectively. A process for making the same is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a ferritic stainless steel casting and a sheet thereof excellent in deep drawability, punch stretchability and ridging resistance and a method for producing the casting and the sheet. In the present invention, a chemical composition is controlled so that the amounts of C, N, Si, Mn, P and Ti may be reduced to the utmost for securing high workability and, on the basis of the chemical composition, the roping and ridging of a steel sheet product is reduced by adding Mg, thus dispersing Mg containing oxides that accelerate the formation of nuclei for solidification and, resultantly, suppressing the development of coarse columnar crystals in a casting.

Abstract: A high-strength, high-toughness martensitic stainless steel sheet has a chemical composition comprising, in mass percent, more than 0.03 to 0.15% of C, 0.2-2.0% of Si, not more than 1.0% of Mn, not more than 0.06% of P, not more than 0.006% of S, 2.0-5.0% of Ni, 14.0-17.0% of Cr, more than 0.03 to 0.10% of N, 0.0010-0.0070% of B, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities and has an A value of not less than −1.8, where A value=30(C+N)−1.5Si+0.5Mn+Ni−1.3Cr+11.8. The suitability of the steel sheet as a gasket material is enhanced by producing it to include not less than 85 vol % of martensite phase and to have a spring bending elastic limit Kb0.1 after application of tensile strain of 0.1% of not less than 700 N/mm2. Edge cracking during cold rolling is inhibited by conducting cold rolling after subjecting the hot-rolled sheet to 600-800° C.×10 hr or less intermediate annealing to impart a steel hardness of not greater than Hv 380.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet for fuel tanks and fuel pipes comprises, by mass percent, about 0.1% or less of C; about 1.0% or less of Si; about 1.5% or less of Mn; about 0.06% or less of P; about 0.03% or less of S; about 1.0% or less of Al; about 11% to about 20% Cr; about 2.0% or less of Ni; about 0.5% to about 3.0% Mo; about 0.02% to about 1.0% V; about 0.04% or less of N; at least one of about 0.01% to about 0.8% Nb and about 0.01% to about 1.0% Ti; and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. The ferritic stainless steel sheet is produced by rough-rolling a slab having the above composition; hot-rolling the rough-rolled sheet under a linear pressure of at least about 3.5 MN/m at a final pass in the finish rolling; cold-rolling the hot-rolled sheet at a gross reduction rate of at least about 75%; and annealing the cold-rolled sheet. The cold-rolling step includes one rolling stage or at least two rolling stages including intermediate annealing.

Abstract: The present invention provides an Fe—Cr—Al-based alloy for catalyst carriers and a foil thereof having a thickness of 40 &mgr;m or less, the alloy and the foil improved in the oxidation resistance at high temperatures and having excellent deformation resistance. Specifically, the present invention provides an Fe—Cr—Al-based alloy foil and a manufacturing method thereof, comprising 16.0 to 25.0 mass % of Cr, 1 to 8 mass % of Al, La, Zr, and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. The contents by mass % of La and Zr meet the following ranges when the foil thickness thereof is t &mgr;m: 1.4/t≦La≦6.0/t  (1) 0.6/t≦Zr≦4.0/t  (2) The Fe—Cr—Al-based alloy foil may further comprises Hf and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities, wherein the contents by mass % of La, Zr, and Hf meet the following ranges: 1.4/t≦La≦6.0/t  (1) 0.4/t≦Zr≦2.0/t  (3) 0.5/t≦Hf≦2.0/t  (4).

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet contains abut 0.01 percent by mass or less of carbon; about 1.0 percent by mass or less of silicon; about 1.5 percent by mass or less of manganese; about 11 to about 23 percent by mass of chromium; about 0.06 percent by mass or less of phosphorous; about 0.03 percent by mass or less of sulfur; about 1.0 percent by mass or less of aluminum; about 0.04 percent by mass or less of nitrogen; about 0.0005 to about 0.01 percent by mass of boron; about 0.3 percent by mass or less of vanadium; about 0.8 percent by mass or less of niobium and/or about 1.0 percent by mass or less of titanium wherein 18≦Nb/(C+N)+2(Ti/(C+N))≦60; and the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities. The average crystal grain diameter is about 40 &mgr;m or less and the average surface roughness is about 0.3 &mgr;m or less.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet excellent in press formability and operability, characterized by: containing appropriate amounts of C, N, Cr, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, Ti and V, with the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities; having a solid lubricating film or films on one or both of the surfaces; and having a ratio Z, defined as Z=Z1/Z2, of less than 0.5, a tensile strength of 450 MPa or less and an average r-value of 1.7 or more, wherein Z1 is a friction coefficient of the surface of a solid lubricating film and Z2 that of the surface of a reference material coated with neither a coating nor lubricating oil. In the ferritic stainless steel sheet, the amounts of Sol-Ti and Insol-V may be regulated to appropriate ranges, wherein Sol-Ti means the amount of Ti existing in the state of solid solution in steel and Insol-V means the amount of V existing in the state of precipitation in steel.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel plate of excellent ridging resistance and formability, as well as a manufacturing method thereof are proposed. Specifically, the rolling is conducted at a rolling reduction of 30% or more in at least 1 pass and at a temperature difference between the center of the plate thickness and the surface of 200° C. or lower in a pass for the maximum rolling reduction to cause the area ratio of a {111} orientation colony to be present by 30% or more in the regions of ⅛ to ⅜ and ⅝ to ⅞ of the plate thickness. The {111} orientation colony is an assembly of adjacent crystals in which the angle of <111> orientation vector for each of the crystals relative to the direction vector vertical to the rolling surface is within 15°.

Abstract: The proposed brake disk consists of steel of a composition of 0.1 to 0.4% of carbon, up to 1.0% of silicon, up to 2.0% of manganese, up to 0.02% of sulfur, 11 to 16% of chromium, up to 1.0% of nickel and 0.5 to 1.5% of molybdenum, the remainder being iron and production-related impurities.

Abstract: Dip-coated ferrite stainless steel sheet usable in the automobile exhaust sector, characterized in that it comprises a steel core with the following composition by weight: 10.5%≦chromium≦20% 0%≦aluminum≦0.6% 0.003%≦carbon≦0.06% 0.003%≦nitrogen≦0.04% 0%≦silicon≦0.6% 0%≦manganese≦0.6% 0%≦sulfur≦0.002% iron and impurities inherent in processing, and a metal coating deposited by dipping the strip in a molten metal bath containing in particular aluminum and at least one rare earth element: cerium, lanthanum, praseodymium, neodymium, mixed metal and/or yttrium.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet contains abut 0.01 percent by mass or less of carbon; about 1.0 percent by mass or less of silicon; about 1.5 percent by mass or less of manganese; about 11 to about 23 percent by mass of chromium; about 0.06 percent by mass or less of phosphorous; about 0.03 percent by mass or less of sulfur; about 1.0 percent by mass or less of aluminum; about 0.04 percent by mass or less of nitrogen; about 0.0005 to about 0.01 percent by mass of boron; about 0.3 percent by mass or less of vanadium; about 0.8 percent by mass or less of niobium and/or about 1.0 percent by mass or less of titanium wherein 18≦Nb/(C+N)+2(Ti/(C+N))≦60; and the balance being iron and unavoidable impurities. The average crystal grain diameter is about 40 &mgr;m or less and the average surface roughness is about 0.3 &mgr;m or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacturing of strips of stainless steel, comprising cold rolling of a strip which in a foregoing process has been manufactured through casting a melt to form a cast strip and/or has been hot rolled. The cold rolling is performed in a rolling mill line (B), which comprises, in the initial part of the line, at least two initial cold rolling mills (11-13) in series, after said initial cold rolling mills at least one annealing furnace (18) and at least one pickling section (26, 27), and in a terminating part of the line, at least one more cold rolling mill (32). The patent specification discloses various modes of operation, including passing the strip once or twice through the line.

Abstract: Producing a ferritic Cr-containing steel sheet having excellent ductility, formability, and anti-ridging properties, and exhibiting excellent surface quality after forming, wherein a ferritic Cr-containing steel sheet contains, by mass %, about 0.001 to 0.12% of C, about 0.001 to 0.12% of N, and about 9 to 32% of Cr, and has a crystal grain structure in which in a section of a hot-rolled annealed steel sheet in the thickness direction parallel to the rolling direction, an elongation index of crystal grains is 5 or less at any position, and in a section of a cold-rolled annealed steel sheet in the thickness direction parallel to the rolling direction, any colony of coarse grains oriented in the rolling direction has an aspect ratio of 5 or less. The production method includes hot rolling, pre-rolling by cold or warm rolling with a rolling reduction of about 2 to 15%, hot-rolled sheet annealing, cold rolling, and finish annealing; preferably the FDT of hot rolling is 850° C., and 0.0002 to 0.

Abstract: A stainless steel band is continuously cast. The stainless steel band is descaled and cold rolled. The cold rolled band is annealed and descaled or bright annealed. The band is finish formed and finally coiled. The stainless steel band is not coiled after being continuously cast and before being finally coiled.

Abstract: A composition and method for the manufacture of products of a precipitation hardenable martensitic stainless steel, the composition of which comprises at least 0.5% by weight of Cr and at least 0.5% by weight of Mo wherein the sum of Cr, Ni and Fe exceeds 50%. The method steps include smelting the material into a casting, hot extrusion followed by a number of cold deforming steps so as to obtain at least 50% martensite and finally an ageing treatment at 425-525° C. to obtain precipitation of quasicrystalline particles. Such material can be used in vehicle components where demands for corrosion resistance, high strength and good toughness are to be satisfied.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet for use in automobile fuel tanks and fuel pipes having smooth surface and resistance to organic acid is provided. The sheet contains, by mass, not more than about 0.1% C, not more than about 1.0 Si, not more than about 1.5% Mn, not more than about 0.06% P, not more than about 0.03% S, about 11% to about 23% Cr, not more than about 2.0% Ni, about 0.5% to about 3.0% Mo, not more than about 1.0% Al, not more than about 0.04% N, at least one of not more than about 0.8% Nb and not more than about 1.0% Ti, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, satisfying the relationship: 18≦Nb/(C+N)+2Ti/(C+N)≦60, wherein C, N, Nb, and Ti in the relationship represent the C, N, Nb, and Ti contents by mass percent, respectively. A process for making the same is also provided.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet for fuel tanks and fuel pipes comprises, by mass percent, about 0.1% or less of C; about 1.0% or less of Si; about 1.5% or less of Mn; about 0.06% or less of P; about 0.03% or less of S; about 1.0% or less of Al; about 11% to about 20% Cr; about 2.0% or less of Ni; about 0.5% to about 3.0% Mo; about 0.02% to about 1.0% V; about 0.04% or less of N; at least one of about 0.01% to about 0.8% Nb and about 0.01% to about 1.0% Ti; and the balance being Fe and incidental impurities. The ferritic stainless steel sheet is produced by rough-rolling a slab having the above composition; hot-rolling the rough-rolled sheet under a linear pressure of at least about 3.5 MN/m at a final pass in the finish rolling; cold-rolling the hot-rolled sheet at a gross reduction rate of at least about 75%; and annealing the cold-rolled sheet. The cold-rolling step includes one rolling stage or at least two rolling stages including intermediate annealing.

Abstract: A process for production of sheet-metal strip of niobium-stabilized 14% chromium ferritic steel, characterized in that certain steel is subjected to: cold rolling of the hot sheet metal with or without preliminary annealing, final annealing of the sheet-metal strip at a temperature of between 800° C. and 1100° C. for a duration of between minute and 5 minutes and preferably at a temperature of about 1050° C. for a time of about 2 minutes. Steel and exhaust manifold.

Abstract: A stainless steel plate for a shadow mask, comprising 9 to 20 weight % of chromium (Cr), 0.15 weight % or less of carbon (C), 0 to 1.0 weight % of manganese (Mn), 0 to 0.2 weight % of titanium (Ti), 0 to 1.0 weight % of silica (Si), and 0 to 1.0 weight % of aluminum (Al); wherein the rest includes ferrite (Fe) and inevitable impurities, and in the inevitable impurities, the content of phosphor (P) is 0.05 weight % or less and the content of sulfur (S) is 0.03 weight % or less. Furthermore, the metal plate for a shadow mask after cold rolling or shape correction is performed is subjected to annealing treatment at the end-point temperature of the plate of 550 to 650° C. This steel plate has a coefficient of thermal expansion smaller than that of low carbon steel and is less expansive than invar alloy. Further, the steel plate has high strength that is acceptable for the shadow mask that is used under conditions where plastic deformation is small at high temperature and high tension is applied.

Abstract: The high carbon stainless steel containing more than 0.5 mass % carbon and more than 8 mass % chromium, or the tool steel containing more than 0.5 mass % carbon and more than 0.5 mass % at least one of carbide producing metal elements including chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, niobium and titanium is processed by cold-warm working such as forging at a temperature of less than 800 ° C. to make more than 10% plastic deformation to an extent that cracks and voids are formed in the crystallized first stage carbide and, further, processed by a Hot Isostatic Pressing treatment so that the cracks and voids may be cured.

Abstract: Producing a ferritic Cr-containing steel sheet having excellent ductility, formability, and anti-ridging properties, and exhibiting excellent surface quality after forming, wherein a ferritic Cr-containing steel sheet contains, by mass %, about 0.001 to 0.12% of C, about 0.001 to 0.12% of N, and about 9 to 32% of Cr, and has a crystal grain structure in which in a section of a hot-rolled annealed steel sheet in the thickness direction parallel to the rolling direction, an elongation index of crystal grains is 5 or less at any position, and in a section of a cold-rolled annealed steel sheet in the thickness direction parallel to the rolling direction, any colony of coarse grains oriented in the rolling direction has an aspect ratio of 5 or less. The production method includes hot rolling, pre-rolling by cold or warm rolling with a rolling reduction of about 2 to 15%, hot-rolled sheet annealing, cold rolling, and finish annealing; preferably the FDT of hot rolling is 850° C., and 0.0002 to 0.

Abstract: Producing a ferritic Cr-containing steel sheet having excellent ductility, formability, and anti-ridging properties, and exhibiting excellent surface quality after forming, wherein a ferritic Cr-containing steel sheet contains, by mass %, about 0.001 to 0.12% of C, about 0.001 to 0.12% of N, and about 9 to 32% of Cr, and has a crystal grain structure in which in a section of a hot-rolled annealed steel sheet in the thickness direction parallel to the rolling direction, an elongation index of crystal grains is 5 or less at any position, and in a section of a cold-rolled annealed steel sheet in the thickness direction parallel to the rolling direction, any colony of coarse grains oriented in the rolling direction has an aspect ratio of 5 or less. The production method includes hot rolling, pre-rolling by cold or warm rolling with a rolling reduction of about 2 to 15%, hot-rolled sheet annealing, cold rolling, and finish annealing; preferably the FDT of hot rolling is 850° C., and 0.0002 to 0.

Abstract: An elastic component for a precision measuring instrument is made from an austenitic metal alloy containing less than two percent ferrite, less than two percent martensite, and more than eleven percent chromium. The crystalline texture has a nano-structure with blocked dislocations. The manufacturing process includes cold hardening followed by thermal aging between 200° C. and 700° C. The benefits are low anelasticity, freedom from creep and hysteresis, resistance to corrosion, and a low magnetic permeability. Examples are load cells used in analytical, motion-guiding mechanisms, coupling elements and pivoting elements.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a steel sheet comprises providing a slug of steel selected from the group consisting of austenitic 301 steel and austenitic 301N steel. The thickness of the slug is reduced by passing the slug through a hot rolling mill while the slug is at a temperature of about 1000° C. to about 1200° C., until the slug is formed into a steel sheet. The steel sheet is quenched to lower the temperature of the steel sheet after the steel sheet is hot rolled. The thickness of the steel sheet is further reduced by passing the steel sheet in multiple passes through a cold rolling mill. The steel sheet is reduced in thickness between about 3% and about 13% in the last of its passes through the cold rolling mill.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel sheet which has not only superior high-temperature fatigue characteristics, but also superior workability at room temperatures. The steel sheet contains, by weight percent, C: not more than 0.02%, Si: 0.2 to 1.0%, Mn: not more than 1.5%, Cr: 11.0 to 20.0%, Ni: 0.05 to 2.0%, Mo: 1.0 to 2.0%, Al: not more than 1.0%, Nb: 0.2 to 0.8%, and N: not more than 0.02%, balance essentially Fe, and an aspect ratio (dRD/dTD) of grain size in planes at ¼ and ¾ sheet thickness, seen a direction normal to a sheet surface, in the range of 1.03 to 1.35. The steel sheet has a thickness greater than 0.3 mm but not greater than 2.5 mm, and a yield strength Y.S.≦360 MPa and an r-value≧1.3 at 30° C., and wherein after maintaining the steel sheet at 90° C. for one hour, the Y.S.≧18.0 MPa.

Abstract: An austenitic stainless steel for use in engine gaskets having a high fatigue strength and resistance to settlement and method of manufacture thereof. The austenitic stainless steel is prepared by cold rolling at least 40%, annealing at a temperature of 700° C. to 900° C. followed by temper rolling with a reduction of at least 40%. The metal structure obtained by annealing is a recovered unrecrystallized structure or a mixed structure of a recovered unrecrystallized structure and a recrystallized structure. The austenitic stainless steel includes at most 0.03% C, at most 1.0% Si, at most 2.0% Mn, 16.0% to 18.0% Cr, 6.0% to 8.0% Ni and up to 0.20% N.

Abstract: There is provided a stainless steel sheet material, used for a semiconductor manufacturing device, to which it difficult for fine dust to be attached and from the surface of which the attaching dust can be easily washed away. Also, there is provided a method of manufacturing the stainless steel sheet material. A stainless steel sheet material characterized in that: the number of pinholes, the area of each pinhole exceeding 0.25 mm2, in the area of 10 cm2 on the surface of a skinpass-rolled stainless steel sheet material is not more than 10; and the average surface roughness Ra on the center line in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction is not more than 0.15 &mgr;m. A method of manufacturing a stainless steel sheet material comprising the steps of: annealing a stainless steel cold-rolled sheet in a heat-treatment furnace having no support rollers in a temperature region exceeding 600° C.

Abstract: A ferritic stainless steel plate of excellent ridging resistance and formability, as well as a manufacturing method thereof are proposed. Specifically, the rolling is conducted at a rolling reduction of 30% or more in at least 1 pass and at a temperature difference between the center of the plate thickness and the surface of 200° C. or lower in a pass for the maximum rolling reduction to cause the area ratio of a {111}orientation colony to be present by 30% or more in the regions of ⅛ to ⅜ and ⅝ to ⅞ of the plate thickness. The {111}orientation colony is an assembly of adjacent crystals in which the angle of <111> orientation vector for each of the crystals relative to the direction vector vertical to the rolling surface is within 15°.

Abstract: A high toughness heat-resistant steel, a turbine rotor formed of this steel and a method of producing the turbine rotor are described. The heat-resistant steel has a composition consisting essentially of: 0.05 to 0.30 wt % C, 0 to 0.20 wt % Si, 0 to 1.0 wt % Mn, 8.0 to 14.0 wt % Cr, 0.5 to 3.0 wt % Mo, 0.10 to 0.50 wt % V, 2.0 to 5.0 wt % Ni, 0.01 to 0.50 wt % Nb, 0.01 to 0.08 wt % N, 0.001 to 0.020 wt % B, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities. The steel has excellent characteristics in not only tensile strength and toughness at a relatively low temperature condition of a steam turbine such as high/low pressure combined type one but also creep rupture strength at a high temperature condition of this turbine.

Abstract: An austenite stainless steel plate having both excellent surface brightness and superior corrosion resistance, without polishing after finish annealing and pickling for descaling of the strip. The steel plate contains Si 0.02 to 0.2 wt % together with Si oxides at 1.0 wt % or less in the surface layer part in the 10 .mu.m depth from the surface. The depth of the intergranular groove in the surface layer part is 0.1 .mu.m or more to 0.5 .mu.m or less. Furthermore, the steel plate contains Al of 0.005 wt % or less and 0 of 0.006 wt % or less. The Al oxides are contained at 0.1 wt % or less in the surface layer part in the 10 .mu.m depth from the surface.

Abstract: A method for producing strip cast, austenitic stainless steel strip comprises providing a strip cast strip having an initial microstructure including a detrimental amount of delta ferrite and a detrimental amount of dendritic structure is provided. The strip may have a composition comprising the following ingredients: 0.4 wt. % max. carbon, 5-38 wt. % nickel, and 15-28 wt. % chromium. The strip is subjected to a cold rolling step prior to any annealing step. Upon subsequent annealing, (a) the amount of delta ferrite in the strip is reduced to substantially below the detrimental amount of delta ferrite that was in the strip prior to cold rolling and (b) the amount of dendritic structure in the strip is reduced to below the detrimental amount of dendritic structure that was in the strip prior to cold rolling. By employing the method of the present invention, an austenitic stainless steel strip having a high quality surface is produced.

Abstract: A method for producing bright stainless steel whereby a hot mill band having a dull oxide-free surface is first formed. The hot mill band is cold reduced to form a full hard coil having a shiny surface. The coil is subjected to continuous annealing at a temperature of 1500.degree.-1950.degree. F. in an oxygen-containing atmosphere sufficient to form a protective FeCr.sub.2 O.sub.3 scale. The annealed coil is subjected to a mild non-etching pickling process to remove the black scale. The coil is then rolled on a temper mill having specially finished rolls to impart a surface pattern that replicates an abrasively polished surface.

Abstract: Process for continuously producing on a production line a rolled stainless steel sheet product having an improved surface state, characterized in that the hot produced sheet is subjected to a treatment comprising at least:a primary pickling for removing scale,cold rolling in at the most three rolling passes,a final annealing,a final pickling, anda cold rolling of the "skin pass" type.There is optionally effected, before the primary pickling, a stretcher levelling which produces a residual elongation of 1 to 5% for cracking the layer of oxide and rendering the sheet planar. Apparatus for carrying out the invention process is also described.

Abstract: In the fabrication of components from a face centered cubic alloy, wherein the alloy is cold worked and annealed, the cold working is carried out in a number of separate steps, each step being followed by an annealing step. The resultant product has a grain size not exceeding 30 microns, a "special" grain boundary fraction not less than 60%, and major crystallographic texture intensities all being less than twice that of random values. The product has a greatly enhanced resistance to intergranular degradation and stress corrosion cracking, and possesses highly isotropic bulk properties.

Abstract: In a process for producing hot rolled steel strip with adjusted strength a steel with 0.04 to 0.06% carbon, at most 1% silicon, at most 1% manganese, 13 to 18% chromium, at most 2% nickel, balance carbide formers and iron, inclusive of impurities due to melting, is melted, the actual content of carbide formers within the specified limits is determined, a rolling oversize for a subsequent hot rolling is established in dependence on the actual content of carbide formers, and the hot rolled strip is solution annealed at a temperature of 920.degree. to 1050.degree. C. and quenched to a ferritic-martensitic structure and cold rolled down to the specified final thickness.

Abstract: A high-corrosion-resistant martensitic stainless steel possessing excellent weldability and SSC resistance, having a tempered martensitic structure, characterized by comprising steel constituents satisfying by weight C: 0.005 to 0.035%, Si: not more than 0.50%, Mn: 0.1 to 1.0%, P: not more than 0.03%, S: not more than 0.005%, Mo: 1.0 to 3.0%, Cu: 1.0 to 4.0%, Ni: 1.5 to 5.0%, Al: not more than 0.06%, N: not more than 0.01%, and Cr satisfying a requirement represented by the formula 13>Cr+1.6Mo.gtoreq.8,C+N.gtoreq.0.03,40C+34N+Ni+0.3Cu-1.1Cr-1.8 Mo.gtoreq.10,or further comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti: 0.05 to 0.1%, Zr: 0.01 to 0.2%, Ca: 0.001 to 0.02%, and REM: 0.003 to 0.4%, with the balance consisting essentially of Fe. A process for producing a martensitic stainless steel, comprising the steps of: subjecting a steel plate, produced by hot-rolling a stainless steel slab having the above composition, to austenitization at a temperature of Ac.sub.3 point to 1000.

Abstract: The invention relates to an austenitic steel alloy which is corrosion-resistant, tough, non-magnetic and compatible with the skin. The invention also relates to a process for the production of said steel alloy and to uses thereof. The characterizing feature of the invention is a steel containing up to 0.3% C, 2 to 26% Mn, 11 to 24% Cr, more than 2.5 to 10% Mo, 0 to 8% W, more than 0.55 to 1.2% N, up to max 0.5% Ni and max 2 % Si, balance iron.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of working a hot-rolled stainless steel strip, particularly an austenitic stainless strip, with the intention of reducing the thickness and enhancing the mechanical strength of the strip. The method is characterized bycold-rolling the hot-rolled strip with at least a 10% thickness reduction to a thickness which is at least 2% and at most 10% greater than the intended final thickness of the finished product;annealing the thus cold-rolled strip at a temperature of between 1,050.degree. C. and 1,250.degree. C.; andcold-stretching the strip after the annealing process so as to plasticize and permanently elongate the strip and therewith reducing its thickness by 2-10%.

Abstract: In the fabrication of components from a face centred cubic alloy, wherein the alloy is cold worked and annealed, the cold working is carried out in a number of separate steps, each step being followed by an annealing step. The resultant product has a grain size not exceeding 30 microns, a "special" grain boundary fraction not less than 60%, and major crystallographic texture intensities all being less than twice that of random values. The product has a greatly enhanced resistance to intergranular degradation and stress corrosion cracking, and possesses highly isotropic bulk properties.

Abstract: A nonmagnetic stainless steel for high burring has the absolute value of the plane anisotropy .DELTA.r of the Lankford value r of 0.12 or under, the .DELTA.r being .DELTA.r=(r.sub.0 +r.sub.90 -2r.sub.45)/2 wherein r.sub.0. r.sub.45, and r.sub.90 are the r-values at angles of 0.degree., 45.degree., and 90.degree., respectively, to the direction of rolling to which the steel is subjected. The nonmagnetic stainless steel is useful for electron tube parts, especially for the electrodes of electron guns for color picture tubes and is made by the steps of adjusting the grain size of a nonmagnetic stainless steel before final rolling to the range from 4.0 to 7.0 in the austenite grain size conforming to JIS G0551, finishing the work to a desired thickness by final cold rolling to a cold reduction of 20 to 50%, and finally annealing the same to an austenite grain size according to JIS G0551 ranging from 7.0 to 12.0.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of stainless steel sheets and proposes a process for the production of stainless steel sheets having a more excellent corrosion resistance as compared with the conventional one without trimming the steel sheet surface after annealing-pickling by preventing the chapping of steel sheet surface created in the production of present stainless steel sheet, particularly stainless steel sheets having extreme-low amounts of C, S, O.For this purpose, according to the invention, a starting material of stainless steel containing C: not more than 0.01 wt %, S: not more than 0.005 wt % and O: not more than 0.005 wt % is subjected to a hot rolling at a draft below 830.degree. C. of not less than 30%, cooled at a cooling rate of not less than 25.degree. C. sec, coiled below 650.degree. C. and then annealed and pickled.

Abstract: A high strength and elongation stainless steel with a hardness of at least HV is formed of a duplex structure comprising 20% to 95% by volume of martensite having an average grain diameter of not more than 10 .mu.m, with the balance being essentially ferrite, the steel including, by weight, up to 0.10% C, up to 2.0% Si, up to 4.0% Mn, up to 0.040% P, up to 0.010% S, up to 4.0% Ni, from 10.0% to 20.0% Cr, up to 0.12% N, more than 0.0050% to 0.0300% B, up to 0.02% O and up to 4.0% Cu, and optionally contains up to 0.20% A1, up to 3% Mo, up to 0.20% REM, up to 0.20% Y, up to 0.10% Ca, and up to 0.10% Mg, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: Coins, particularly game coins, which are soft and excellent in workability before the coining work and high in hardness and exhibit weak magnetism after the coining work are provided. The stainless steel for coins comprises C: not more than 0.03 wt %, Si: 0.1-1.0 wt %, Mn: 0.1-4 wt %, Ni: 5-15 wt %, Cr: 12-20 wt %, N: not more than 0.03 wt %, O: not more than 50 ppm, and, if necessary, at least one of Cu: 0.5-3.0 wt % and Mo: 0.1-2.0 wt % and austenite stabilization index M value of 20.0-23.0 and ferrite formation ratio F value of not more than 6. A method of producing coins of stainless steel is also provided which comprises subjecting a starting material of such a stainless steel to a cold rolling of 50%, heat-treating at 900.degree.-1100.degree. C. and subjecting to coining work of 15-25%.