Abstract: An explosive with maximum energy yield for warheads and solid rocket propellants comprises a high-energy secondary explosive with inorganic perchlorate and metal component with a high affinity for oxygen as well as desensitizing and binding agents. The oxygen balance sheet of the secondary explosive is balanced by the perchlorate component approximately to provide a complete reaction to give carbon dioxide and water.Those explosive gases are reduced by the metal component, supplying energy, in accordance with the requirements made on the explosive.

Abstract: A nitrogen-generating composition useful for inflating air bags to protection for occupants of motor vehicles is disclosed which is composed of a stable nitride resistant to high temperatures and an inorganic oxidizing agent.

Abstract: A composition for producing smoke from phosphorus vapor for use in search and rescue markers and a method of producing such composition. The composition comprises a blended mixture of the following ingredients in the following weight percentage ranges:red phosphorus--55% to 80%;oxidizing agent (sodium nitrate or ammonium nitrate)--10% to 30%;metal fuel--5% to 10%;acid absorber--1% to 5%; andsynthetic rubber binder--1% to 8%.Such a composition tends to be more stable and reliable than previous compositions used for this purpose, as well as less hazardous to manufacture. In addition, it permits an increase in the proportion of red phosphorus used, with a resultant increase in burn time and/or flame and smoke emission.

Abstract: A combustible coating for providing a delay barrier to intrusion into an object. The coating contains a source of fuel as a metal and/or a polymer and a source of oxygen such as an oxidizer. The coating is ignitable at a temperature in excess of about 300.degree. C., during combustion is resistant to the effects of common fire extinguishing materials, and is capable of sustaining combustion for at least five minutes with a burn rate of no more than about six inches per minute.

Abstract: Low alloy steel tubes are decarburized, heavily diffusion chromized and heavily diffusion aluminized to protect them against sulfidation. For the diffusion they can be supported upright with one end on layer of diffusion-coating pack on floor of a retort. Surface portions that are to be welded are covered with masking layer that prevents diffusion coating, or with inert layer that reduces the amount of coating. Diffusion aluminizing can also be applied to foils and powder to make pyrophoric product after leaching out much of the introduced aluminum. Powder can also be diffusion boronized. Pyrophoric boron-containing iron or nickel powder mixed with Ba(NO.sub.3).sub.2 will ignite to cause generation of large quantity of NO.sub.2 gas, and generation is improved when powdered boron and/or oxidizer like NaClO.sub.3 is added.

Abstract: Composite solid propellants are provided containing, in an amount effective to reduce the burning rate of the propellant, at least one bitetrazole compound.

Abstract: High energy composition which is meant for propellants, pyrotechnical and technical compositions, explosives or corresponding items, and production method.

Abstract: High density water gel explosives having relatively large amounts of low density sensitizers are prepared by evenly dispersing a densifying material therethrough. Separation of the densifying material during the mixing and packaging of the water gel explosive is prevented by adding from about 0.1 to 2% comminuted paper to the water gel. It has been found that the paper greatly increases the viscosity of the composition, so that the heavier densifying materials do not settle out. The paper has also been found to contribute to the stability of the explosive gel over prolonged storage periods.

Abstract: A new arrangement of matter is developed which can be formulated to be a high explosive, a propellant or a gas generator. The new arrangement of matter in its explosive embodiment is known as a microknit composite explosive (MCX) in which an essentially anhydrous mixture of inorganic salts, surfactants and organic fuels is prepared while the oxidizer is molten, and a microcrystalline property is created which imparts a hard, machinable characteristic to the arrangement of matter.

Abstract: A new arrangement of matter is developed which can be formulated to be a high explosive, a propellant or a gas generator. The new arrangement of matter in its explosive embodiment is known as a eutectic microknit explosive (EMCX) in which an essentially anhydrous eutectic mixture of ammonium nitrate, soluble explosive, and other oxidizing salts is mixed with surfactants and organic fuels while the eutectic mixture is molten, and a microcrystalline property is created which imparts a hard, machinable characteristic to the arrangement of matter.

Abstract: A new arrangement of matter is developed which can be formulated to be a high explosive, a propellant or a gas generator. The new arrangement of matter in its explosive embodiment is known as a microknit composite explosive (MCX) in which an essentially anhydrous mixture of perchlorate based oxidizer salts, surfactants and organic fuels is prepared while the oxidizer is molten, and a microcrystalline property is created which imparts a hard, machinable characteristic to the arrangement of matter.

Abstract: A priming composition with an elevated thermal stability, which is sensit to percussion, is disclosed. The priming composition comprises a tetrazolic ring containing primary explosive and a sensitivity additive. The sensitivity additive comprises an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent. 40 to 95 weight percent of the priming composition is the primary explosive, 2.5 to 40 weight percent of the priming composition is the oxidizing agent and 2.5 to 40 weight percent of the priming composition is the reducing agent. The priming composition is applied to heads of percussion fuses.

Abstract: A method of minimizing deep hole pressure effects on ammonium nitrate-containing blasting agents while optimizing booster sensitivity, detonation rate and detonation energy of such agents, by replacing density control component(s) with a sensitizer formulation comprising particulate aluminum and particulate smokeless powder; and a corresponding detonatable high density emulsion blasting agent utilizing such sensitizing formulation.

Abstract: A water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition containing hollow microspheres obtained by firing volcanic ash and having a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 and an average particle size of 10-100 .mu.m has improved explosion performance and safety over water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition containing conventional hollow microspheres.

Abstract: A soft composite explosive composition is made by forming an oil-continuous, melt-in-fuel emulsion in which the discontinuous phase is comprised of ammonium nitrate and other ingredients which together form a eutectic mixture. The continuous phase includes a combination of fuels and emulsifiers constituting less than 2.5% by weight of the formulation. Soluble compounds such as self-explosive compounds or compounds which can be converted to explosive compounds in situ may be added directly to the discontinuous phase along with one or more oxidizer salts.

Abstract: A gas-retaining agent consisting of bubble assemblies, each bubble assembly being one particle consisting of a large number of bubbles agglomerated into the particle, is effective for improving the safety of water-in-oil emulsion explosive compositions against methane and coal dust, for improving the sympathetic detonability of the explosive compositions and for lowering their detonation velocity without deteriorating their strength.

Abstract: A gas-retaining agent having a particle size of 177-3,000 .mu.m is effective for improving the safety of water-in-oil emulsion explosive compositions against methane and coal dust and for improving the sympathetic detonability of the explosive compositions without deteriorating their strength.

Abstract: An embedment system with controlled shrinkage for use with a composite-modified double-base propellant composition which is comprised of an embedment granule portion in percent by weight of nitrocellulose of about 23.0, nitroglycerine of about 8.8-13.8, triacetin of about 1.2, bisspiro orthocarbonate from about 2.5-5.0, resorcinol of about 1.5, 2-nitrodiphenylamine of about 1.0, ammonium perchlorate (10 micrometers) of about 48.5 and aluminum powder (20 micrometers) of about 10.0 and an embedment resin portion in percent by weight of bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin of about 50.0, epoxidized dimer acid of about 50.0, and a curative which is comprised of equal parts mixture of methylenedianiline, m-phenylenediamine, and i-propyl-m-phenylenediamine with an added accelerator of 2,4-dinitrophenol. This embedment system employs a specific bisspiro orthocarbonate, 3,9-bis(5'-norbornene-2'-yl)-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro[5.

Abstract: A primer mix which contains from 26 to 66 weight percent titanium and from 74 to 44 weight percent potassium perchlorate having a density of from 68 to 81 percent of crystal density such that the mix is stable at high temperature up to 525.degree. F. for more than 100 hours without degradation and requires a relatively high amount of impact energy greater than 4 ft.-lbs. in order to ignite it. Alternatively, the primer mix contains from 40 to 74 weight percent zirconium and from 60 to 26 weight percent potassium perchlorate having the above density. The primer mix is used in a percussion primer for initiating combustion or in a percussion initiator for detonating a high-order explosive, as used for example within wellbores in the oil and gas industry.

Abstract: An incendiary mixture which is constituted of metals with at least one oxygen-supplying metal oxide and an organic binder, and/or a nitrate, chlorate, perchlorate or peroxide selected from the group of elements consisting of sodium, potassium, lithium, barium, strontium, as well as compounds of ammonium.

Abstract: This invention concerns a dynamite type explosive composition which comprises at least one liquid explosive nitric ester and an emulsion composition comprising an oxygen-releasing salt phase, an organic phase and an emulsifier. The invention provides dynamite type compositions in which the amount of liquid explosive nitric ester can be significantly reduced without adversely affecting the performance and physical properties of the composition.

Abstract: Explosive composition of water-in-oil, containing as a continuous phase a carbonaceous fuel and as a discontinuous phase an oxygen-releasing aqueous salt solution, the continuous phase containing a water-insoluble lipophilic viscosity index improver for the purpose of controlling the consistency.

Abstract: Certain urethane compounds containing m-phenylene substituents are useful as stabilizers for composite modified double base (CMDB) propellants. Examples of these novel urethanes are 1,3-bis(N-methoxyphenylurethane)benzene, 1,3-bis(N-m-tolylurethane)benzene, 1,3-bis(N-m-chlorophenylurethane)benzen e, 1,3-bis(N-m-phenylurethane)benzene, 1,3-bis(N-ethylurethane)benzene and bis(m-methoxyphenyl)urethane.

Abstract: Described is a pyrotechnic charge as smoke- or combustion charge in the form of separate pressed objects arranged in a case, the improvement comprising the fact that the case (1) for the pressed objects (3) consists of plastic or light metal provided with preset breaking points (2). More specifically, the pyrotechnic charge contains a charge base containing smoke compounds in the form of pressed objects and also contains an igniting charge.

Abstract: Constituent pyrotechnic materials are dispensed by prescribed weight or volume into a single container containing an excess volume of an inert liquid, such as Freon T.E., having the property of preventing ionization of the materials. The pyrotechnic materials in inert fluid medium are then stirred so as to obtain an homogeneous slurry mixture. The slurry is allowed to settle and the inert fluid is decanted off for future reuse. The remaining slurry is dispensed into individual containers under pressure. The slurry is vacuum dried at a safe temperature to minimize the accidental ignition hazard while removing the remaining inert liquid, thus forming individual casts of pyrotechnic material. The casts are permitted to reach ambient temperature and pressure at predetermined rates so as to prevent cracking of the pyrotechnic charges.

Abstract: Pyrotechnic devices are described which are intended to emit an illuminating flux starting from multiple, exact, movable sources, particularly suitable for displays of artificial fireworks. The illuminating pyrotechnic devices consist of a shell which contains a block of a pyrotechnic composition consisting of at least a polymerized binder, an oxidizer and a combustible metal. For the purpose of achieving the bursting of the composition into a multitude of incandescent fragments when the device is ignited, the pyrotechnic composition consists of a binder of the phenoplastic type and an oxidizer, the granulometry of which is lower than 150 micrometers and the block, the smallest dimension of which is greater than 15 mm, has undergone a rapid cooling which gives rise to internal strains and fracture points within the composition.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of a propellant for base-bleed gas generators, thus for generators made of a gas-producing charge for the increase of range wherein a binder and one or more granular or powdery solid substances are used at least one of which is an oxidant, characterized thereby that the binder is a thermoplastically deformable elastomer, that solvents are added to said elastomer which is thoroughly mixed with the solid substance and that said elastomer is deposited thereon by removal of the solvent with the formation of a granulate.

Abstract: This invention concerns a water-in-oil emulsion explosive composition which comprises a discontinuous aqueous phase containing one or more oxygen-releasing salts, a continuous water-immiscible organic phase comprising sump oil, and an emulsifying agent. The explosive compositions show improved sensitivity over conventional compositions made using paraffin oil as the organic phase.

Abstract: An improved embedment system is disclosed which is comprised of an embedm granule portion in percent by weight of nitrocellulose of about 23.0, nitroglycerine of about 15.0, resorcinol of about 1.5, 2-nitrodiphenylamine of about 1.0, ammonium perchlorate (10 micrometers) of about 45.5, and aluminum powder (20 micrometers) of about 14.0 and an embedment resin portion in percent by weight of bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin of about 44, epoxidized dimer acid of about 20, and a curative which is the condensation product of 2 moles of 1,2-bis(maleimido)ethane and one mole of triaminotriazine of about 36.0. This embedment system has superior characteristics of a high peel strength and greater resistance to penetration by or absorption of carboranylmethyl propionate or casting solvent absorption.

Abstract: A gas-bubble-sensitized melt explosive composition, which is not deleteriously affected by pumping, containing certain surfactants which inhibit the disengagement of the sensitizing gas bubbles.

Abstract: This invention refers to a pyrotechnical delay charge, i.e. a pyrotechnical charge having a very well defined rate of burning. Similar delay charges are generally used in military fuses of various types. The delay charge according to the invention is distinguished by its components and their proportions relative to each other. Within the framework of the limits stated in the patent claims, the delay charges rate of burning can be varied from approximately 2 to approximately 30 mm/s. Characteristic for this delay charge is primarily that it contains more than 10% by weight tin dioxide (SnO.sub.2) which acts as an oxidizer and slag former.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improved explosive compositions of the aqueous slurry type. More particularly, the invention relates to explosive compositions containing sodium perchlorate, polysaccharide polymer of plant origin, water, and preferably, gassing and cross-linking agents and particulate sensitizers such as finely divided aluminum. These compositions have improved physical and detonation properties over prior art compositions, and in addition, they form excellent "permissible" explosive compositions, even though sodium perchlorate is present.

Abstract: An improved bonding agent for a solid rocket propellant, having the general formula[X.sub.2 N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NX).sub.n CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 NX.sub.2 ] (HO.sub.3 SC.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.sub.3).sub.zwherein n is an integer having a value of 1 to 11, X is --H or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CN; wherein the amount of --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CN, expressed as y, is in the approximate range of 0.15 (n+4) to 0.45 (n+4), the amount of HO.sub.3 SC.sub.6 H.sub.4 CH.sub.3, expressed as z, is in the approximate range of 0.01 (n+4) to 0.25 (n+4), and the ratio y:z is in the range of 1.5:1 to 3:1.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic composition comprising a mixture of finely divided magnesium and silicon dioxide, both distributed throughout a binder selected from the members of the group consisting of polybutadienes and teflon. The composition is suitably insensitive, and yet readily ignitable, and does not require the use of solvents or of expensive spheroidal magnesium granules for its manufacture.

Abstract: This invention concerns a melt explosive composition which comprises at least one oxygen-releasing salt, for example ammonium nitrate, at least one melt soluble fuel material, for example urea, and at least one naphthalenesulfonate derivative selected from the condensates of formaldehyde and naphthalenesulfonic acids and the alkali and alkaline earth metal salts thereof, for example disodium methylene-bis(naphthalene-.beta.-sulfonic acid). The explosive compositions show a considerable improvement in detonation sensitivity in small diameter boreholes.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic composition is formulated which, when burned, produces red ke and bright flame. The composition is comprised of between 25 and 65 percent of ammonium iodate, between 30 and 45 percent of iodoform, between 0 and 5 percent of diatomaceous earth and the balance of a fuel selected from a group consisting of bismuth, molybdenum, and a mixture of bismuth and magnesium.

Abstract: This invention concerns itself with the addition of certain copper salts and chelates to solid propellant formulations as burning rate modifiers. The additives increase the burning rate of the propellant while simultaneously decreasing its pressure exponent.

Abstract: A powder explosive composition comprising particulate inorganic oxidizing salt, finely divided metal sensitizer and, optionally additional fuel consisting of discrete granules containing oxidizing salt and sensitizing metal coated with a tough, cohesive, resilient gelled solution of the oxidizing salt, the amount of the coating being insufficient to form a continuous gelled phase. The composition is more water resistant, less dusty and less sensitive to friction and impact than the metal sensitized powder compositions of the prior art.

Abstract: A process is disclosed by which thermoplastic elastomers may be utilized to repare melt-formable composite rocket propellants. The thermoplastic elastomer is dissolved in a volatile organic solvent, the other propellant ingredients are mixed in, and the volatile organic solvent is evaporated. The dried propellant is melt-formed to final shape by molding or extruding above the melting point of the elastomer. An example of a usable thermoplastic elastomer is a block copolymer comprised of about 5 to about 20 weight percent styrene and of about 80 to 95 weight percent diene. The formed grain can be reclaimed by melting or dissolution in an organic solvent for reuse of the propellant ingredients.

Abstract: The invention relates to a delay fuse having a rate of combustion which is less than or equal to 4 mm/second, characterized in that it has a diameter which is less than or equal to 3 mm and in that it contains a pyrotechnic composition consisting of 25 to 45% by weight of tungsten having a particle size of between 2 and 4 microns, from 45 to 65% by weight of barium chromate and from 8 to 15% by weight of potassium perchlorate.The delay fuse according to the invention, which is provided with a metal sheath, is applied, in particular, in the pyrotechnic systems carried on board space missiles or submarines.

Abstract: Pyrotechnic compositions in which sulfur is utilized to regulate or control the ignition or detonation of potassium nitrate and aluminum in compositions which may be used as emergency, signal or display type flares and which are characterized by exhibiting a predetermined or timed pulsating illuminary effect.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to countermeasure systems, particularly to systems for providing a protective cover against homing and/or fire control devices operating upon infrared, sonar, or microwave reflected energy or for confusing search and tracking devices, and more particularly to decoy rounds and their method of fabrication. The decoy rounds include at least one load of energy generating material, means for propelling the load, a burst charge for shattering the load, the burst charge being constructed so as to cause a line type explosion, and means for igniting the burst charge.

Abstract: Small charges of high energy double base propellants are prepared by solventless extrusion of propellant billets prepared by a slurry type process.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to countermeasure systems, particularly to systems for providing a protective cover against homing and/or fire control devices operating upon infrared, sonar, or microwave reflected energy or for confusing search and tracking devices, and more particularly to decoy rounds and their method of fabrication. The decoy rounds include at least one load of energy generating material, means for propelling the load, a burst charge for shattering the load, the burst charge being constructed so as to cause a line type explosion, and means for igniting the burst charge. The decoy rounds are fabricated by a process which includes a novel method of producing the line type explosion and includes a novel assembly operation which allows the round to be exploded in such a way that birdnesting of the decoy material is minimized.

Abstract: A solid propellant gas generator comprising alkali chlorides, potassium fluorochlorinate, and aluminum which produces pure chlorinefluoride gas in the absence of other gaseous products.

Abstract: Process for removal of residual "processing" solvent from propellant casting powder particles, following their manufacture, which comprises "liquid drying" the particles by contacting them with an organic liquid miscible with the processing solvent but exhibiting substantially no solvent action for the powder particle ingredients with substantially no penetration of the particles. Normally liquid hydrocarbons are exemplary liquid drying solvents of which n-heptane and n-hexane are now preferred.In preferred practice the liquid drying solvent is maintained in substantially complete wetting relationship with the particle surfaces until emplacement of the particles for casting. This eliminates safety hazards involved in conventional heat drying of the green powder and subsequent handling of the resulting dry material.

Abstract: Combustion catalysts for solid propellants are extracted with a solution comprising a solvent in which the catalyst is essentially insoluble and a solute which is an effective chelating agent for metal ions which are present as interfering impurities in the combustion catalysts. This treatment does not affect the activity of the catalyst as a combustion catalyst in a solid propellant; however, the removal of the metal ions greatly increases the pot life of the solid propellant composition prior to cure and enhances its stability after cure.

Abstract: A slurry explosive composition which contains fibrous material as a rheology modifying agent.

Abstract: A process for making an explosive composition which process comprises heating a mixture comprising at least one oxygen releasing salt and at least one compound selected from a class of melt soluble fuel materials so as to form a melt, and adding to the melt an amount of oxygen releasing salt material whereby there is formed an explosive composition which is pourable, pumpable or flowable over a wide range of temperature. Explosive compositions are described also.

Abstract: The mixing of high solids loaded propellants is accomplished under reduced viscosity conditions by employing near critical liquid (NCL) carbon dioxide as the processing fluid in a volume amount from about 10 to about 20 percent of the volume of the propellant ingredients.A typical propellant composition contains about 88 percent solids portion by weight comprised of ammonium perchlorate, aluminum powder, ballistic modifiers, and bonding agent and about 12 percent liquid portion by weight comprised of liquid polymers, plasticizers, and curatives.NCL carbon dioxide facilitates low viscosity mixing of propellant ingredients in a completely inert processing fluid. The method allows the entire mixing procedure to be conducted under reduced temperature conditions (e.g., 90.degree. F. vs 140.degree. F.), and thereby, provides for extended propellant pot life. Pressure mixing in a range of 760 psig to 1000 psig enables carbon dioxide to be maintained as a NCL to assist propellant mixing.