Abstract: Stable plasticizer system and corresponding nitrocellulose/nitroguanidine nitramine-type LOVA propellant compositions utilizing such system.

Abstract: This invention record describes the production of a low vulnerability propellant (LOVA) ingredients utilizing mixtures of alkyl nitratoethyl nitramines (alkyl NENAs) and/or bis(2-nitroxyethyl)nitramine (DINA) with nitrocellulose. Described compositions provide lower freezing points and decreases sensitivity while maintaining or surpassing output realized with currently used nitroglycerins/nitrocellulose mixtures. A process to provide for the production of desired mixtures of alkyl NENAs with each other or with DINA in a safe, cost-effective co-nitration process is disclosed. The process involves mixing together predetermined amounts of precursors for each of alkyl NENAs and/or DINA to be present in the final mix. Nitrating the precursors followed by a catalyst reaction, wash and neutralization step.

Abstract: A composition is provided which has at least one salt of 5-nitraminotetrazole and an at least one oxidizer selected from among inorganic nitrates, inorganic nitrites, metal oxides, metal peroxides, organic peroxides, inorganic perchlorates, inorganic chlorates, metal hydroxides, and mixtures thereof. The compositions are useful in the gas generant field.

Abstract: An explosive charge is disclosed for use as ammunition in a casing. The charge is comprised of a particulate propellant which is embedded in a solidified matrix prepared from an energetic liquid composition. The latter comprises a liquid, energetic plasticizer, a polyol and an organic polyisocyanate.

Abstract: An energetic composition comprising the following components in the following relative proportions:Component A: from 5% to 25% by weight of a polymeric binder;Component B: from 65% to 90% by weight of a highly energetic filler comprising at least one heteroalicyclic nitramine compound; andComponent C: from 1% to 15% by weight of a plasticiser which comprises at least one nitroaromatic compound; the percentages by weight of Components A, B and C adding to 100%.

Abstract: This invention record describes the production of a low vulnerability propellant (LOVA) ingredients utilizing mixtures of alkyl nitratoethyl nitramines (alkyl NENAs) and/or bis (2-nitroxyethyl) nitramine (DINA) with nitrocellulose. Described compositions provide lower freezing points and decreases sensitivity while maintaining or surpassing output realized with currently used nitroglycerins/nitrocellulose mixtures. A process to provide for the production of desired mixtures of alkyl NENAs with each other or with DINA in a safe, cost-effective co-nitration process is disclosed. The process involves mixing together predetermined amounts of precursors for each of alkyl NENAs and/or DINA to be present in the final mix. Nitrating the precursors followed by a catalyst reaction, wash and neutralization step.

Abstract: The explosive blasting composition in this invention contains 1 to 40 pert Aluminum powder, 40 to 80 percent Cyclotetramethylene Tetranitramine, 4 to 15 percent Cellulose Acetate Butyrate, 5 to 20 percent of 1:1 mixture of bis 2,2-dinitropropyl acetate and bis 2,2-dinitropropyl formal, and, and 0.25 to 0.75 percent Tri (dioctyl Phosphato) Titanate.The method of making the above composition consists of combining Cyclotetramethylene Tetranitramine, Cellulose Acetate Buterate, 1:1 bis 2,2-dinitropropyl acetate and bis 2,2-dinitropropropyl formal, and tri (dioctyl phosphato) titanate, mixed at an elevated temperature for a period of time. Prior to blowdown, the Aluminum powder is added. to the mix. Mixing continues and blowdown is initiated to remove excess solvents for the purpose of extrusion.

Abstract: The energetic salts of 3-nitramino-4-nitrofurazan have a desirable combination of desirable properties such as sufficiently high densities, and low or no hydrogen content. The salts are useful as ingredients in various propellant, explosive, gassifier, and pyrotechnic compositions. 3-Nitramino-4-nitrofurazan is itself a useful energetic compound and is also useful in the synthesis of still further energetic compounds.

Abstract: 5-ureido-1,3-diamino-2,4-6-trinitrobenzene, ##STR1## which is prepared by reacting 5-fluoro-1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene with urea.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel compound which is the hydroxylammonium or lower alkyl hydroxylammonium salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, together with processes for preparation thereof. One process comprises a two-step reaction comprising: (a) reacting 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one with an aqueous alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to form an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, and (b) reacting said alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one with an aqueous solution of hydroxylammonium salt or lower alkyl-substituted hydroxylammonium salt to form the hydroxylammonium salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one.

Abstract: An initiating element of non-primary explosive type comprising a confinement containing secondary explosive, having a first end adapted for ignition of the secondary explosive by igniting means, optionally via delay and flame-conducting pyrotechnic compositions, a second end adapted for delivering a detonation impuls and a intermediate portion in which the secondary explosive upon ignition is able to undergo a deflagration to detonation transition. At least a part of the secondary explosive is modified to give increased reaction rates at low pressures.

Abstract: Autoigniting compositions containing a hydrazine salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one for the gas generator of a vehicle occupant restraint system result in rapid autoignition at temperatures from approximately 150.degree. C. (302.degree. F.) to 220.degree. C. (428.degree. F.) thereby allowing the gas generator to operate at lower temperatures to facilitate use of an aluminum canister. The autoignition compositions of the present invention are relatively insensitive to shock or impact, are safe to manufacture and handle, and are advantageously classified as Class B materials.

Abstract: A method of making cast 60/40 RDX/TNT explosives in which RDX is admixed in TNT to form a safer and more effective explosive mixture. The method includes the steps of admixing a latex emulsion with RDX in an amount sufficient to at least partially coat the RDX with the latex, and removing excess moisture from the admixture. The coated explosive is added to the TNT to form a casting mixture and thereafter solidified to form the 60/40 explosive. In a preferred embodiment, the latex is selected from polyethlyene latexes, polyurethane latexes and acrylic latexes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a priming charge with annular percussion, free from any toxic metal, which corresponds to the following weight composition:40 to 70% of a dinitrobenzofuroxan salt as impact-sensitive primary explosive,3 to 15% of tetrazene as sensitizing explosive,10 to 30% of cupric oxide as oxidizing agent,5 to 25% of a pulverulent reducing agent,0.5 to 20% of an inert abrasive powder and0 to 5% of a binder.It also relates to a process for its manufacture, wherein the following successive stages are carried out:the cupric oxide and the pulverulent reducing agent and the inert abrasive powder are mixed dry;the dinitrobenzofuroxan salt and the tetrazene are then added to this mixture thus formed, andthe mixture thus obtained is homogenized.If appropriate, a solution of binder, for example in the form of an aqueous solution of gum arabic, is added to the inert mixture.

Abstract: Energetic nitramine containing cyclotriphosphazene which include 1,1,3,3,-tris-spiro(N,N'-dinitroethylenediamino)cyclotriphosphazene, 1,1-spiro(ethylenediamino)-3,3,5,5-bis-spiro(N,N'-dinitroethylenediamino)c yclotriphosphazene, 1,1,3,3-bis-spiro(N,N'-dinitroethylenediamino)-5,5-dichlorocyclotriphospha zene, 1,1,3,3-bis-spiro(N,N'-dinitroethylenediamino)-5,5-difluorocyclotriphospha zene, 1,1-spiro(N,N'-dinitroethylenediamino)-3,3,5,5-bis-spiro(ethylenediamino)c yclotriphosphazene, 1,1-spiro(ethylenediamino)-3,3-spiro(N,N'-dinitroethylenediamino)-5,5-dich lorocyclotriphosphazene, 1,1-spiro(ethylenediamino)-3,3-spiro(N,N'-dinitroethylenediamino)-5,5-difl uorocyclotriphosphazene, 1,1-spiro(N,N'-dinitroethylenediamino)-3,3,5,5-tetrachlorocyclotriphosphaz ene, and 1,1-spiro(N,N'-dinitroethylenediamino)-3,3,5,5-tetrafluorocyclotriphosphaz ene, which can be used in explosive compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel compound which is the hydroxylammonium or lower alkyl hydroxylammonium salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, together with processes for preparation thereof. One process comprises a two-step reaction comprising: (a) reacting 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one with an aqueous alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide to form an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one, and (b) reacting said alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one with an aqueous solution of hydroxylammonium salt or lower alkyl-substituted hydroxylammonium salt to form the hydroxylammonium salt of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one.

Abstract: A method of quarry blasting is provided wherein boreholes are loaded with alternating layers of ANFO and AP propellant. A primary charge is used to detonate the composition column. The low velocity propellant enhances the ANFO explosion, and produces high pressure gas and high temperatures for breaking and casting the rock, while minimizing fly rock, ground vibrations, and air noise.

Abstract: A novel formulation of liquid propellants comprising a mixture of high eny ingredients consisting of bis(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl)amine, bis(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl)formal and bis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)formal together with conventional liquid fuels and propellants to create a synergistic formulation having new and unexpected physical and chemical properties.

Abstract: This invention is for new compounds, namely, diethanolammoniummethylcubane nitrates, a composition of diethanolammonium methylcubyl nitrates - hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) solutions and their method of use as aqueous liquid gun propellant ingredients.

Abstract: Bis(2-nitro-2-azapropyl) ether which is prepared by reacting one mole 1-hydroxy-2-nitro-2-azapropane with one mole of 2-nitro-2-azapropyl trifluoroacetate or 2-nitro-2-azapropyl acetate.

Abstract: A method for improving the disperion of particulate materials in intermollar explosive compositions which comprises dry blending at least one fuel compound and at least one oxidizer compound, a viscosity modifier and a dispersable particulate material, melt blending the resulting dry blend, and thereafter casting the melt into a suitable form, casing or mold. The viscosity modifier suitable for use in the invention is a cationic salt of carboxymethylcellulose ether. The viscosity modifier is added in an amount sufficient to achieve a desired melt viscosity.

Abstract: A stable extrudable non-azide crash bag propellant composition for generating high quality nitrogen gas and a low temperature process for producing the same from an extrudable mass containing an effective amount of a cellulose-based binder.

Abstract: An improvement when 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane is preed by nitrolysis of 1,3,5,7-tetraacyl-1,3,5,7-tetraazaceyloctane with a solution of nitric acid and nitrogen pentoxide or phosphorous pentoxide. This improved process herein before set forth produces 99% yield and purity of product.

Abstract: 1-(n)-acetyl-3,5,7-trinitrocyclotetramethylenetetramine is prepared by nilysis of 1,3,5,7-tetracyl-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane with a solution of nitric acid and nitrogen pentoxide or phosphorous pentoxide.

Abstract: A method for making 3-amino-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazole using ammonium 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazole and hydrazine hydrate as starting materials and a method for providing energy derived from 3-amino-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazole.

Abstract: In a low energy fuse, the reactive composition on the inner wall of the tubing is substantially free of a metal fuel or quasi metal fuel and comprises a particulate secondary high explosive and a gas generating non-explosive particulate solid selected from barium peroxide, barium nitrate, potassium permanganate, potassium chloride or sodium azide. The gas generating solid renders the fuse safer for use in an inflammable or incendive atmosphere such as a coal mine.

Abstract: A castable explosive composition of 80 to 87 percent cyclo-1,3,5,7-tetramylene-2,4,6,8-tetra nitramine (HMX) in dinitropropyl acrylate binder is obtained through careful choice of particle sizes. Up to 92% solids loading, without loss of castability, is obtained when spherical aluminum is incorporated into the mix. Other comonomers may be used in the binder and other solids added.

Abstract: The invention describes a composition and a process for making void free id propellants for rockets. This is accomplished by adding amino silanes and dimer diepoxide to GAP binder and deflagrating additive and then curing it.

Abstract: A blasting agent is disclosed for use in a borehole having a pressure resistant closure. The blasting agent is used in combination with a primary initiating system comprised of a detonator and an initiator for the detonator. The blasting agent is preferably a semi-fluid explosive material having a predetermined sensitivity. The sensitivity is related to the borehole diameter and the initiating system's strength, wherein the blasting agent upon initiation is transformed into explosive products by means of reaction front which consumes substantially all the blasting agent as the reaction front passes through the blasting agent. The reaction front has an average velocity of propagation of between 200 meters/second and 1,000 meters/second for at least 30% of the total length of blasting agent located in the borehole. Another aspect of the invention is a method of blasting wherein the average velocity of propagation of the explosive front in the blasting agent is in a range of between 200 m/sec and 1,000 m/sec.

Abstract: Castable and elastomeric explosive compositions containing 82-85% HMX in ypropylene-polyethylene type polyurethane binder systems comprising at least 20% 3-5 .mu.HMX and an endothermically pyrolyzable binder.

Abstract: The stability of porous solid high explosives, for purposes of transport or storage, is enhanced by reducing the sensitivity to shock initiation of a reaction that leads to detonation. The pores of the explosive down to a certain size are filled under pressure with a stable, low melt temperature material in liquid form, and the combined material is cooled so the pore filling material solidifies. The stability can be increased to progressively higher levels by filling smaller pores. The pore filling material can be removed, at least partially, by reheating above its melt temperature and drained off so that the explosive is once more suitable for detonation.

Abstract: High nitrogen smoke compositions capable of rapid dispersion of smoke dyes nd capable of low temperature deflagration. Some compositions are capable of flameless deflagration in air. Compositions include pressed mixtures of 5,5'-bitetrazole and smoke dyes such as red, green, or yellow dyes. Other compositions include cast cured mixtures of azido binders such as glycidyl azide polymer and dyes, some of these compositions also including 5,5'-biterazole or an ammonium salt of 5-nitraminotetrazole.

Abstract: To deploy an inflatable member, such as an occupant restraint safety bag in a motor vehicle, a liquid propellant is expelled from a storage reservoir into a reaction chamber through ports created at frangible pressure points in the reservoir wall and ignited by detonation of an explosive charge to generate a non-toxic, bag inflating gas by exothermic reaction.

Abstract: Mechanical enhancement of the burning rate of solid propellants is achieved y the incorporation of limited percentages of heat-expandable beads into the solid propellant matrix. When the flame front reaches an individual bead, the bead which contains an expanding or blowing agent (e.g., pentane, 4,4'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (Celogen OT), etc., expands to several times its volume and ruptures. Bead expansion or rupture causes a disruption of the propellant's surface, and the flame can penetrate into the propellant. This penetration results in a major increase in burning rate.

Abstract: A family of ultra high-energy gun propellant systems based upon a nitrocellulose binder matrix, and containing a variety of azide components to provide a formulation having reduced isochoric flame temperatures and ultra-high mass impetus.

Abstract: A method for producing a caseless propellant charge is disclosed wherein a polynitro polymer having an aromatic or heterocyclic ring is employed as a binder with a solvent and a propellant to produce an admixture and the admixture is molded into a shaped charge body.

Abstract: The compound, 5,7-diamino-4,6-dinitro-benzofuroxan is formed by (1) forming reaction mixture containing 4,6-dinitro benzofuroxan, KHCO.sub.3, NH.sub.2 OH HCl and water; (2) forming the potassium salt of the desired compound by adding KOH to the reaction mixture; and (3) adding HCl to replace the potassium ion of the salt with hydrogen. The compound is useful as an explosive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing, by means of working, mixing and homogenizing, castable explosive substances of high viscosity containing crystalline and/or particulate explosives and, if appropriate, other action-enhancing additives and such small quantities of binder and other viscosity-reducing agents that the mixture in the unworked state virtually feels like and behaves like a dry powder. In order to achieve the desired working, mixing and homogenizing, use is made of an arrangement which is known per se.

Abstract: The particle size of energetic explosive materials is reduced by slurrying the particulate explosive materials in an inert liquid such as water or an aqueous solution, and subjecting the slurry to intense acoustic cavitation from an ultrasonic generator for a short time. The particulate explosive materials are rapidly ground to a small particle size while minimizing the danger of detonation.

Abstract: Use of 5-oxo-3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole in gunpowder and propellant compositions are disclosed. Such compositions include triple base gunpowders further containing nitrocellulose and a liquid nitric ester such as nitroglycerine. Lowered flame temperatures of the gunpowder and reduced firearm barrel erosion is achieved thereby. The solid propellants include gas-generating compound propellants, less hygroscopic than a propellant contaning ammonium nitrate.

Abstract: An explosive composition having a combination of a principal explosive, which is relatively insensitive to initiation of detonation, two mesh fractions of a sensitizing explosive which is relatively sensitive to initiation of detonation, a critical diameter additive which lowers the critical diameter of the composition, and a binder, demonstrates the ability to achieve steady-state detonation after deliberate initiation of detonation. The composition is further characterized by low sensitivity to accidental detonation by external influences, and favorable mechanical and processability properties.A method of making an explosive composition of this type by adjusting the amount of critical diameter additive and testing the composition is also described.

Abstract: A method of making ethylenediamine dinitrate comprising:(a) reacting ethylenediamine with aqueous nitric acid to form ethylenediamine dinitrate solution; and(b) adding said ethylenediamine dinitrate solution to a non-aqueous liquid, miscible with water in amounts of at least about 50 percent by weight, and in which ethylenediamine dinitrate is insoluble, to form solid ethylenediamine dinitrate with an average particle size of about 30 microns in diameter.

Abstract: A stabilized high energy explosive, e.g. hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX) or the like, as a component of NC or plastic-bound propellant charge powders (Lova-TLP) or plastic-bound explosives (PBX) has a particle size up to 5 .mu.m and a stabilizer incorporated into the explosive particles. In order to produce such an explosive, it is proposed that the explosive in the dissolved form and with the stabilizer in the liquid phase is mixed with a proportion of up to approximately 6% and the mixture is brought by flash drying into the solid phase with a particle size of up to 5 .mu.m.

Abstract: Gas generating propellants with flame temperatures below 1400.degree. K. (isobaric) based on duroplastic and/or thermoplastic binders containing up to 80% by weight of triaminoguanidine nitrate as the chief gas generating component which can be cast or pressed into shapes having good chemical stability and excellent mechanical properties useful in propulsion engines and energy yielding systems.

Abstract: Occluded acidity in particulate explosives is removed by slurrying the particles in an inert liquid and subjecting the slurry to wet-grinding. The inert liquid may include an alkaline salt at or near saturation. Separation of the ground explosive particles from the liquid phase results in a ground explosive material with much reduced acidity.

Abstract: A binary munition system comprising at least two non-explosive ingredients hat combine in flight to form a relatively safe explosive. The combination of said non-explosive ingredients for the purpose of forming safe explosives is novel.The binary munition stores the non-explosive ingredients in separate compartments which utilize membranes, bags or containers to facilitate the separation. The munition is equipped with means in which to rupture the compartments upon launch or fire. The purpose of the munition is to maintain separation of the non-explosive ingredients and to achieve mixing of the ingredients upon launch or fire of said munition.

Abstract: 1,5-Diazido-3-Nitrazapentane is disclosed as an energetic plasticizer, together with a method for producing same.

Abstract: Energetic materials exhibiting low sensitivity comprise a solid solution of nitroaliphatic oxidizer, preferably trinitroethyl derivatives, in plasticized thermoplastic elastomer such as a block copolymer of polystyrene and polyacrylate plasticized with dioctyl adipate. The energetic material is prepared by forming molten plasticized elastomer and then incrementally dissolving the oxidizer in the molten binder.

Abstract: This invention relates to a water-in-oil type emulsion explosive comprising an aqueous oxidizer solution, an oily material, an emulsifier and hollow microspheres, in which the whole or a part of the oily material is replaced with a polymer which is oil-soluble and has a ladder structure in the molecule.

Abstract: A practical, castable plastic bonded explosive (PBX) is disclosed that is sistant to fire, aerodynamic heating, and mechanical stimuli-impact. The binder is composed of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, dioctylmaleate, N-vinyl pyrrolidone, Aerosol R-972, t-butyl perbenzoate, cobaltous acetylacetonate, and triethyleneglycoldimethylacrylate, utilizing RDX/HMX as an explosive filler.