Abstract: Pruning plants that exude sticky sap may leave pruners gummed up and barely useable. Cleaning edged cutting tools presents injury risks to nursery and farm workers, so a need for rapid and effective cleaning machines exists. This pruner cleaning machine includes a motorized rotor assembly of scrubber discs facing each other and a helical center brush disposed between them. The scrubber discs include helical ramps and step faces at the ends of these ramps which conform to the ends of the helical scrubber, so that the spacing between the scrubber discs may be accurately controlled by the number of turns of the helical scrubber, including partial turns. The rotor may be reconfigured for various types of pruners by selecting from among various lengths of helical scrubbers. Properly configured, by using this machine and its inventive scrubbing rotor, gummed up pruners may be cleaned in seconds.

Abstract: A mini-trowel attachment assembly having a rotary disk with a plurality of screw holes disposed therein with a plurality of replacement blades secured therein by a plurality of screw members. The plurality of replacement blades include at least a pair of elongated slots that allows the replacement blades to be adjusted slightly inward of an annular peripheral edge of the rotary disk. A free-wheeling self-lubricating bearing assembly having a first non-rotary bearing and spacer ring member attached to the rotary disk and a second free-wheeling member attached to the first non-rotary bearing and spacer ring member that freely rotates when it engages wall structures and upstanding obstructions in concrete surfaces. Also, the elongated slots allows the plurality of replacement blades to be adjusted slightly inward of an annular peripheral edge of the free-wheeling self-lubricating bearing assembly.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for generating a consumable product quotation are provided. An example method may include receiving a surface status. The example method may also include determining, by processing circuitry, consumable product requirements for performing a job based on the surface status and consumable product parameters accessed in a consumable products database. The example method may also include providing the consumable product requirements for output to a user. The consumable product requirements may include types of consumable products for completing the job.

Abstract: A gutter broom is provided. The gutter broom can include one or more block segments, each block segment having openings in which bristles are positioned. The bristles can have a first stiffness or a second stiffness different than the first stiffness. Bristles having the second stiffness can be positioned radially outward of bristles having the first stiffness on a block segment.

Abstract: A rotary brush configured to isolate vibration during use reducing vibration at a hand-held power tool to which the brush is coupled. The brush has wires arrangeable in tufts extending from a hub sandwiched between two plates assembled to a tool coupling having an isolator therebetween. The isolator and coupling are part of a vibration-isolating assembly having a radial isolator carried by a coupling shaft located between the (i) shaft, and (ii) hub and plates preventing brush vibration from being transmitted to the tool through a coupling end of the shaft mounting the brush to the tool. The isolating assembly preferably includes an axial isolator between (i) each flange and (ii) the hubs and plates. Isolators are made of vibration dampening material and can be formed into a single isolator of one-piece unitary construction. A preferred brush is a cup brush having plates contoured to define wire supporting cups.

Abstract: An autonomous cleaning robot includes a drive configured to move the robot across a floor surface, a brush proximate a lateral side of the robot, and a motor configured to rotate the brush about an axis of rotation. The brush includes a hub configured to engage the motor of the robot and arms each extending outwardly from the hub away from the axis of rotation and each being angled relative to a plane normal to the axis of rotation of the brush. Each of the arms include a first portion extending outwardly from the hub away from the axis of rotation and a second portion extending outwardly from the first portion away from the axis of rotation. An angle between the first portion of each of the arms and the plane is larger than an angle between the second portion of the each of the arms and the plane.

Abstract: An autonomous floor cleaner includes a base that is movable over a surface to be cleaned, a top plate coupled with the base, a collection chamber, at least one dirt inlet in communication with the collection chamber, and at least one sweeping element for sweeping dirt on the surface to be cleaned toward the collection chamber.

Abstract: The invention concerns a dish brush (1, 11) for conventional sweeping machines for cleaning, brushing or sweeping paved surfaces, wherein special constructed sweeping elements (4) and steel cable plugs (5) both waste and weeds remove from different types of paved surfaces. The mentioned sweeping elements (4) are fastened with welds (8,9) from the top side of the raised contour edge (2) through slit openings (6,7) and the steel cable plugs (5) are fastened with a weld (10) from the bottom side of said contour edge (2). The advantage is a well applicable sweeping and weeds removing dish brush (1,11) and which can be manufactured in a very economical way.

Abstract: A rotary brush assembly for use in a vehicle wash system, including a base portion, a linkage portion in rotational communication with the base portion and a treatment portion moveable between a first position extended into the vehicle treatment area for engagement with an exterior of a vehicle and a second position retracted from a vehicle treatment area. The treatment portion includes a brush assembly configured to rotate about an axis of rotation. The brush assembly has a backing member, a plurality of media elements secured to the backing member, and a plurality of spray nozzles encapsulated within the plurality of media elements. A plurality of pockets formed on the brush assembly where none of the first plurality of media elements are disposed.

Abstract: An instrumented tool for surface finishing of a work-piece, the instrumented tool comprising: a tool configured to be spun and brought into contact with the work-piece while spinning; a spindle configured to provide a spinning torque to spin the tool; a flexible coupler provided between the spindle and the tool to transmit only spinning torque of the spindle to the tool; a rigid connection provided between the spindle and the tool in parallel to the flexible coupler; and a multi-axis force/torque/strain/pressure sensor attached to at least the rigid connection; wherein the rigid connection and the multi-axis force/torque sensor are decoupled from spinning of the spindle and the tool, and wherein the multi-axis force/torque sensor is configured to measure at least one of: contact force and torque between the tool and the work-piece.

Abstract: A tool for fine machining surfaces has a working medium carrier with a top face and a bottom face, wherein the bottom face is an attachment side. A set of individual exchangeable strip-shaped lamella holders are provided that each have one or more lamellas in individual or bundled arrangement. The lamellas each are oriented away from the attachment side of the working medium carrier and form in a downward direction remote from the attachment side a common working plane. The lamella holders on a side facing the attachment side are provided with first hooking members and the attachment side of working medium carrier is provided with second hooking members complementary to the first hooking members. The first and second hooking members are joined to each other in a direction perpendicular to the attachment side.

Abstract: A broom attachment is provided for a rotary sweeper assembly that includes a broom mount and a broom unit mountable to the broom mount. The broom attachment includes a plurality of broom attachment bristles and a support member having a retained portion and a retaining portion. The plurality of bristles extend from the retaining portion and the retained portion is operatively mountable to at least one of the broom mount and the broom unit. A broom assembly includes at least one broom attachment. When the broom attachment is operatively mounted to the broom mount, the broom attachment bristles are positioned at a greater radial distance away from an axis of rotation than the cleaning bristles of the broom unit. A method of assembling a broom attachment to a broom mount includes operatively mounting the retained portion to the broom mount.

Abstract: Embodiments include a cleaning head assembly for a floor surface maintenance machine. The cleaning head assembly can include a hub (or cleaning head housing) and a pad driver, wherein the pad driver attaches to and aligns axially with the hub (or cleaning head housing) in a touch-free manner.

Abstract: An extraction cleaner is provided with a removable recovery tank having a drain opening quick-empty valve and actuator assembly for emptying the tank. The actuator assembly may include a quick-release latch for a bottom-empty door or a drain plug for sealing the drain opening. The quick-release latch may include a button remote from the door or drain plug.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for the attachment of brushes to the drive system of rotary floor scrubbing machines. In one embodiment, the apparatus provides for a scrubbing plate assembly suitable for attachment to the drive system of a rotary floor scrubbing machine. The scrubbing plate assembly has a scrubbing plate and an adapter plate. When the adapter plate is aligned and in contact with a scrubbing plate, the adapter plate locks to the scrubbing plate by axial movement of said adapter plate relative to said scrubbing plate.

Abstract: A rotary cleaning apparatus for underwater cleaning including a housing, a battery, a motor and a flexible hub system. The flexible hub system includes a toroidal brush system coupled to a circular centrifugal pump assembly. The flexible hub system includes a flexible hub allowing the flexible hub system to bend out of plane. When the flexible hub system is rotated underwater at a curved surface, the brush system cleans the surface while the suction of the centrifugal pump assembly flexes the flexible hub system to evenly contact the surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cleaning brush and a cleaning apparatus that can effectively discharge dust, removed from a dresser disk of a CMP apparatus upon cleaning the dresser disk, to the outside of the cleaning system in order to prevent the dust from being again deposited on the dresser disk. A cleaning brush includes a large number of brushes formed to protrude on its top surface, vertical through-holes and into which a nozzle for ejecting a cleaning fluid is inserted, and a recessed groove formed on a lower surface that lower ends of the through-holes and face. It is configured such that dust deposited onto the brushes upon cleaning the dresser disk is discharged to outside from the recessed groove through a gap between the surrounding of the nozzle and the inner surface of the through-holes and together with the cleaning fluid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive system (1) for driving an automatic cleaning unit, comprising: —a carrier unit (7, 10); —a drive motor (2), which is fastened on the carrier unit (7, 10); —a driveshaft (4), which is arranged in a rotatable manner on the carrier unit (7, 10) and can be driven by the drive motor (2); —an advancement device (15), which is arranged on the driveshaft (4) and can be rotated about the driveshaft, wherein the advancement device (15) is coupled to the driveshaft (4) in order to generate advancement transversely to the extent of the driveshaft (4) and in order, when advancement is stopped, to cause the advancement device (15) to rotate in relation to the carrier unit.

Abstract: A brush head for an electric toothbrush having a support structure rotatably oscillated by a motor in the handle of the toothbrush. A plurality of bristle tufts are mounted on the support structure in three ring-like series concentrically about a center point of the support structure. The bristle tufts are arranged in a unique arrangement whereby no more than two of the bristle tufts in the intermediate series and innermost series lie on a diameter line passing through the center point. The outermost and intermediate series of bristle tufts may be arranged in oval-shaped rings and the bristle tufts of the inner series may have a circular arrangement. All of the tufts preferably have the same height and diameter.

Abstract: A rotary cleaning device having a plurality of flush pad extractors can provide improved debris removal and reduced residual material. More specifically, a rotary cleaning device can include a plurality of flush pad extractors which are oriented generally circumferentially about a common rotation axis. These unique flush pad extractors can include a fluid applicator and a vacuum member oriented behind the fluid applicator such that during operation of the device the fluid applicator contacts a surface to be cleaned prior to contact by the vacuum member. In accordance with the present invention, the fluid applicator provides passive delivery of fluid to the surface to be cleaned. Passive delivery of fluid allows for reduced fluid usage and more controlled and even distribution of fluid across a surface without overwetting.

Abstract: A dual purpose toothbrush that allows a user to clean his or her teeth and that also serves the purpose of preserving the record of the user's mouth via stored digital images. The dual purpose toothbrush that has a replaceable cartridge of rotating bristles and a camera system on the head of the toothbrush, a camera board that operates the basic functions of the camera and the rotating bristles of the toothbrush while temporarily storing images taken by the camera, a plurality of inputs that allow a user to operate the toothbrush, a wiring system that connects the components of the toothbrush, a rechargeable battery, and a port for charging and downloading images to a peripheral device.

Abstract: A head-hair treatment-agent applicator (1) according to the present invention has an agent applying part (2) which has a comb part (23) formed with a plurality of annularly arranged comb teeth (22), and the comb teeth (22) each have an inversely-tapered part (22c) in which a comb tooth width W decreases from a vicinity of a tip (22a) to a base end (22e).

Abstract: A brush for a machine for the horizontal and/or vertical cleaning of surfaces which are provided with grooves, joints, unevennesses and/or pores is provided to move the brush in a plane which is substantially parallel to a surface. This brush is provided with at least one set of first hairs for cleaning or polishing the parts of the surface which extend between the grooves, joints, unevennesses and/or pores, and at least one set of second hairs for cleaning the grooves, joints, unevennesses and/or pores. The brush includes a base plate which is releasably attached to one or several brush parts, which are provided with one or several sets of second hairs. A machine for the horizontal and/or vertical cleaning of surfaces which are provided with grooves, joints, unevennesses and/or pores is provided with one or several of such brushes.

Abstract: In general, a Buffing Pad Centering System (“BPCS”) for centering a back plate having an edge and a front surface is described. In an example of an implementation of the BPCS, the BPCS may include a centering ring having a top boundary and a bottom boundary and a buffing pad attached to the bottom boundary of the centering ring, where the centering ring is centered on the buffing pad. The centering ring may include a cylindrical vertical member extending between the top boundary and bottom boundary, where the cylindrical vertical member has an inner cylindrical surface and an outer cylindrical surface, and where the inner cylindrical surface is capable of snuggly receiving the back plate.

Abstract: A cleaner head for a cleaning appliance includes a rotatable agitator and an agitator chamber housing the agitator. The agitator includes a flexible body and surface engaging members mounted on the body. The agitator chamber includes a downwardly-directed opening through which debris energized by the surface engaging members enters the cleaner head. The opening is located in a plane. The cleaner head includes a drive mechanism for rotating the agitator about a rotational axis which is inclined both relative to the plane of the opening and towards the rear of the opening so that, with rotation of the agitator, the surface engaging members protrude through the opening towards the front of the opening.

Abstract: To provide a linear abrasive brush member, in which filament parts are hardly broken, a substrate part is excellent in deformability, and also, abrasion ability is excellent. A linear abrasive brush member comprising: an embedded core material (9); a rod-shaped substrate part (7) having opposite long-narrow upper and bottom faces; and a plurality of filament parts (8) present on the upper surface along the longitudinal direction; and the substrate part and the filament parts being integrally molded from a resin composition.

Abstract: A rotating brush assembly for a street sweeper utilizes a hub to connect a hydraulic pump to a rotatable brush plate. A collar on the hub extends upwardly from a base flange and a tapered bore extends through the collar and the base flange and receives a mating tapered portion of a rotatable shaft of the pump. A downwardly extending rim on the bottom of the base flange locates the hub relative to a central aperture in the brush plate. The bottom of the base flange includes a recess which extends upwardly from the rim. The tapered bore communicates with the recess. The recess receives a threaded bottom portion of the rotatable shaft of the pump and a nut which is disposed on the threaded portion of the pump shaft.

Abstract: An orbital blush for an orbital floor brush machine is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The orbital brush includes a brush frame adapted to fit to the orbital floor brush machine, a first ring of first bristle tufts of a first length and oriented at a first angle, and a second ring of second bristle tufts of a second length and oriented at a second angle.

Abstract: The invention relates, on the one hand, to a brush (1) for a scrubbing, sweeping and/or polishing machine for mechanical cleaning of several surfaces that are separated from each other by means of grooves and/or joints, such as, inter alia, paving stones, tiles, Bangkirai and/or building bricks, wherein the scrubbing, sweeping and/or polishing machine is provided so as to move the brush in a plane that is substantially parallel to the said surfaces that are separated from each other, and a scrubbing, sweeping and/or polishing machine provided with one or more brushes (1), the brush (1) being provided with at least one set of polishing bristles (2) for cleaning or polishing the surfaces; at least one set of joint bristles (3) for cleaning the grooves and/or joints between the surfaces; and the polishing bristles (2) having a length that is shorter than the length of the joint bristles (3).

Abstract: A tool for cleaning surfaces, comprising a body with a substantially cylindrical shape, on a face of which there are distributed along at least a path clumps of bristles inserted into corresponding holes made on said face, the axis of each of said holes is inclined in relation to a perpendicular to the surface of said face, on a plane substantially tangential to said at least a path, or on a plane substantially radial to said path, or on both said planes.

Abstract: A rotary brush for use with a surface finishing tool with a drive shaft for transmitting rotary motion to the brush. The brush is in the form of a circular disc that supports circumferentially disposed brushing elements, and includes a nut having internal threads for engagement with the drive shaft. The nut extends axially outward from each face of the disc an approximately equal distance to facilitate bi-directional mounting of the brush on the drive shaft.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cleaning device comprising cleaning means and a frame body. The frame body is provided with a plurality of connecting holes, wherein each connecting hole is constituted by a larger diameter hole and a smaller diameter hole, such that a twisted cleaning means with flexibility is folded to stuff through the connecting holes from the smaller diameter hole to the larger diameter hole. The folded twisted cleaning means with flexibility then is pulled back so as to bind the twisted cleaning means with flexibility in the frame body.

Abstract: The claimed carpet cleaning apparatus incorporates recesses in a rigid surface of a roller, a hand-operated cleaning device, or a rigid disk. The rigid surface compresses the fibers of the soft surface as the device and the recesses decompress the fibers. The repeated compression and decompression, preferably in combination with a cleaning compound, provide the mechanical action necessary for removal of foreign material.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus for polishing an end edge of a work piece by bringing a bristle tip of a polishing brush into contact with the end edge of the work piece as the bristle tip passes the end edge of the work piece includes a support plate having a through hole into which the polishing brush is inserted and a suppression portion that is provided at the support plate and suppresses a deformation of the bristle tip of the polishing brush when the work piece is polished.

Abstract: Side brushes adapted to be mounted on a sweeping machine and operative as a brush about a rotation axis are disclose herein. The side brushes include a base element and a bristle segment. According to one embodiment, the base element has at least one outer edge and an elongate channel extending inwardly from a respective outer edge. The bristle segment has a plurality of bristles and a frame member. The frame member has a configuration complementary to a configuration of the elongate channel such that interaction between the frame member and the base element adjacent the elongate channel couples the bristle segment to the base element. Each bristle has a top end, and all of the bristle top ends are fused together to define the frame member.

Abstract: A brush module (6) for a rotating grinding brush, said brush module comprising: an elongate body part (7); at least one abrasive cloth (9) protruding from the body part (7); a plurality of bristles (8) extending from the body part (7) essentially in the same direction as the abrasive cloth (9). The body part (7) is provided with an undercut, longitudinally extending guide (13), and at an edge the abrasive cloth (9) is provided with a protruding head (15) that is complementary with the undercut groove (13) to the effect that the undercut guide (13) and the protruding bead (15) constitute complementary mechanical interconnecting means for releasable mounting of the abrasive cloth (9) on the body part (7). The protruding bead (15) is provided on a holder (14) comprising two flaps (16, 17), between which an edge of the abrasive cloth (9) is securely clamped. Besides, use of such abrasive cloth (9) in a rotating grinding brush with or without brush module.

Abstract: A plate for a brush apparatus for a street sweeper has an alignment hole which is used to align a brush segment for securing the brush segment to the plate. A clamp assembly moves downwardly to allow a used brush segment to be removed and moves upwardly to secure a brush segment to the plate. Rotation of a bolt, the head of which is on the top of the plate, moves the clamp assembly upwardly and downwardly. An alignment hole in the brush segment is aligned with the alignment hole in the plate. A pin on the clamp assembly extends into the alignment hole in the brush segment. Shelf elements on the bottom of the plate help hold brush segments.

Abstract: A brush element for a circular brush rotatable around an axis of rotation, the brush being attachable to a frame of a sweeping machine, and including a head segment that includes a substantially flat disc assembly including a coupling system for coupling brush elements therewith. Bristles make up a bristle segment for the brush element. The bristles are coupled for an integral unit with a body segment connecting the same. The bristles are coupled with the body segment in a configuration tapering in a substantially conical manner towards one end of the body segment in its lengthwise direction as viewed from above.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mobile floor-cleaning machine having a rotationally drivable, disk-like cleaning tool which is detachably held on a tool holder, the tool holder being connected to a drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. In order to develop the floor-cleaning machine in such a way that the cleaning tool can be easily replaced, the invention proposes that said cleaning tool is adapted to be detachably latched to the tool holder and to be disconnected from the tool holder in the axial direction by means of an unlatching mechanism which is adapted to be operated by the user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified extension part (1) and sweeper body (6) for weed mowers, in which the mentioned extension part (1) is constructed as a cylindrical disc provided with through and through recesses (7) and at least two opposite to each other not through and through milled-out recesses (5, 51) to receive in a very inventive way the triangular or polygonal bushes (15) with sweeper body (6) constructed as steel cable (14), and pressed on the end a preferably triangular bush or cover (15), in which locking is done by means of a spring loaded blocking pin (10) and can be pushed in with the thumb and finger to replace the sweeper body for which a recess (16) comes free and the sweeper body can be replaced, through which in a surprising easy way and without the requirements of tools the sweeper body (6) of the extension part (1) can be replaced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mobile floor-cleaning machine having a rotationally drivable, disk-like cleaning tool which is detachably held on a tool holder, the tool holder being connected to a drive shaft in a rotationally fixed manner. In order to develop the floor-cleaning machine in such a way that the cleaning tool can be easily replaced, the invention proposes that said cleaning tool is adapted to be detachably latched to the tool holder and to be disconnected from the tool holder in the axial direction by means of an unlatching mechanism which is adapted to be operated by the user.

Abstract: An orbital blush for an orbital floor brush machine is provided according to an embodiment of the invention. The orbital brush includes a brush frame adapted to fit to the orbital floor brush machine, a first ring of first bristle tufts of a first length and oriented at a first angle, and a second ring of second bristle tufts of a second length and oriented at a second angle.

Abstract: An electrically driven toothbrush has a brush holder that is arranged to rotationally vibrate and carry a number of bristles interspaced with arcuate membranes. The membranes serve to aid cleaning of the teeth and to polish the teeth surfaces during use of the toothbrush.

Abstract: Apparatus for the quick and easy releasable attachment of any applicator to the operative head of any massage machine including a generally annular first plate threaded for permanent attachment to the massage machine head, the first plate including a series of openings formed therein and spaced at equal distances around the first plate, and a second plate for positioning on the top surface of the first plate and releasably attached to the base plate by hook and loop fastener, the second plate having the applicators attached at the top surface and including a series of studs spaced at equal distances around, and extending downward from, the bottom surface of the second plate so that the studs engage the openings in the first plate to appropriately align the first plate and the second plate and to resist dislodgement of the second plate, and the attached applicator, by eccentric forces incurred during use.

Abstract: A non-abrasive rotary scrub brush for cleaning rough or porous surfaces that are susceptible to damage by the use of abrasive or chemical cleaning, such as the non-skid surfaces of boats. The scrub brush consists of a flexible, circular base and a plurality of bristle tufts that are individually attached, extending from the base. The base is flexible and non-marring. Any number of polymers could be used, including a thermoplastic elastomer, thermoplastic polymer, or thermoset polymer to form the base using injection molding. The base consists generally of a first side(top) and a second side(bottom). The top side having a means to attach a drive unit, the bottom side having the bristle tufts extending from it. The bristle tufts can be made from filaments that are produced from natural or synthetic materials. The bristle tufts are positioned in either a random or ordered pattern on the second side.

Abstract: An end brush is disclosed. In an illustrative implementation, a plurality of bristles are each fastened at a fixed end to a body. The bristles include a plurality of inner bristles proximal to a rotational axis of the body, and a plurality of outer bristles distal to the rotational axis. The inner bristles have a substantially uniform length. The outer bristles are cut at lengths shorter than the inner bristle length, and at an angle to the rotational axis.

Abstract: A side brush, which is adapted to be mounted on the body of a sweeping machine, for use as a brush rotatable about a rotation axis, and which includes a base and a plurality of individual bristle segments detachably mountable thereto, having bristles included therein integrated for a solid unit with a frame member joining the same. The base includes a substantially planar disc assembly which is provided integrally with a coupling system for coupling the bristle segments therewith on a snap fit principle. The coupling system includes elongated channels disposed in the base in a substantially radial direction and extending through the base, opening all the way to the edge thereof, which enable coupling the bristle segments immovably to the engagement with the body of a sweeping machine by means of the base with fasteners interconnecting the same.

Abstract: A brush that simultaneously cleans and/or polishes floors and baseboards. The brush is adapted to be utilized with conventional buffing machines and will easily fit conventional water control rings. In its cleaning mode, the brush incorporates bristles on its planar undersurface and also entirely around its peripheral wall. When employed to polish, a polishing pad is positioned beneath the undersurface of the brush as is conventional in the art. A unique polishing pad is secured around the peripheral wall of the brush for contacting and polishing the baseboards.

Abstract: An industrial brush to remove material, of the type known as bowl headed, consisting of a rotating tool which is connected by means of an upper nut (3) to pins or bolts protruding from portable machines . This brush has a bowl shaped head (2) connected o the said nut (3) and a set of metal wire s or bristles (8) that come from the interior of the bowl shaped head and extend to form a hollow tubular space, either cylindrical or trunco-conical, which open out as a form of barrier when the brush rotates.

Abstract: An electrically-driven toothbrush has a brush holder that is arranged to rotationally vibrate and carry a number of bristles interspaced with arcuate membranes. The membranes serve to aid cleaning of the teeth and to polish the teeth surfaces during use of the toothbrush.