Abstract: A pneumatic tire is reinforced with cords made of polyvinyl alcohol based fibers, and meets the following requirements:(1) A tenacity, S (g/d) of the cords taken out from the tire meets a relation: S.gtoreq.14.5-12N.sub.T in which N.sub.T is a coefficient of twist, which is represented by N.sub.T =N.times..sqroot.0.139.times.D/.rho..times.10-3. N, D and .rho. are a number of twist (turns/10 cm), a half of a total denier of the cords, and a specific density of the cords, respectively.(2) A tenacity-retaining percentage of the cords in an absolutely dried state is not less than 90% of that before the treatment with boiling water. The absolutely dried state means that after the cord is treated with boiling water at 120.degree. C. while being maintained at a constant length, the cord is dried.

Abstract: A steel cord for the reinforcement of rubber articles is disclosed, which comprises a central base structure composed of 1 to 4 steel filaments, and at least one coaxial layer composed of plural steel filaments arranged around the central base structure so as to adjoin them to each other, these steel filaments being twisted in the same direction at the same pitch. In the steel cord of this type, the steel filaments constituting the central base structure have the same diameter (dc), while at least one steel filament of the coaxial layer has a diameter (dso) smaller than the diameter (dc) of the steel filament in the central base structure.

Abstract: Very high strength cords are made and described which are composed of a core and a sheath of twisted yarns plied around the core in such a way that the cord exhibits greatly improved retained strength after use.

Abstract: A reinforcing cable (40) comprises at least two yarns (41,42,43) each of which consists only of aramid filaments, and a single core yarn (44) which consists only of filaments selected from the group consisting of polyamides having a structure which is at least partially oriented and polyesters having a structure which is at least partially oriented. The aramid yarns (41,42,43) are adjacent to one another and twisted about the core yarn (44) to manufacture a cable (40), but the aramid yarns are not twisted about one another. Articles of manufacture, such as tires, which contain the new cables are also disclosed.

Abstract: A reinforcing laminate for use in a carcass or a belt of a heavy duty pneumatic radial tire comprises plural reinforcing layers piled one upon the other, each containing cords substantially arranged in parallel to each other and covered with a coating rubber, wherein the cords of the adjoining reinforcing layers are arranged in parallel to each other and the pitch between the cords in one of the reinforcing layers is shifted by an approximately half pitch from that of the other reinforcing layer.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire having improved cornering stability, service durability and rolling resistance is provided by using high-elasticity, high-strength vinylon fiber having specified elongation and strength as a cord material for at least one belt layer in a belt composed of at least two belt layers. Particularly, noise level can be reduced without damaging other tire performances by combining at least one layer of high-elasticity, high-strength vinylon fiber cords with at least one layer of steel cords as a belt of the tire.

Abstract: A composite reinforcing rope is made of a cylindrical core of twisted filaments of aromatic polyamides around which a plurality of steel wires of a rectangular configuration are coiled. The steel wires are wound side-by-side in one layer. Each wire is twisted around its own axis to such a degree that its broader side fully engages the periphery of the polyamide core. The edges of respective wires are rounded whereby the convex narrow dides of adjoining wires contact one another substantially along a line.

Abstract: A nonmetallic cable (20) having utility in an overlay ply (39) of a tire (10) comprises two yarns (21,22). One of the yarns (21,22) has a yarn twist of either zero or is twisted in a first direction. The other yarn (21,22) has a yarn twist that is not zero, but is twisted in a direction opposite to the direction of yarn twist in the first yarn (21,22). The cable (20) has a cable twist that is opposite in direction to the twist of the yarn (21,22) having the larger of the two yarn twists. The cable has an elongation of 4% when it is subjected to a force of not greater than 12 Newtons. A tire (10) having a belt structure (30) has an overlay (39) comprising said cables disposed radially outwardly of at least one of the belt plies (31-35).

Abstract: Aramid-reinforced elastomers, including rubber, in which the elastomer is reinforced with aramid in the form of short, discontinuous, fibrillated fibers, are disclosed. The fibers are composed of a trunk portion having a length of about 0.2-5 mm, a diameter of about 0.005-0.02 mm (5-20 micrometers), and an aspect ratio greater than 100, and numerous fibrils extending outwardly from the trunk and having diameters substantially smaller than the trunk diameter. The surface area of the fibers is from about 4 to about 20 square meters per gram, and is about 30 to 60 times the equivalent surface area of fibers in the form of rod having the same diameter distribution as that of the trunks of the fibers herein, but with no fibrils. The fibers are oriented. Incorporation of the fibers results in substantial increase in stiffness and modulus. Loading of aramid fibers is typically about 0.2-20 phr.

Abstract: A reinforcing strip, and method of making same, specifically adapted for use in reinforcing plies in the belt of rubber tires. The strip comprises a number, preferably 4 to 7, of parallel wires, tightly bound together by a wrapping wire or a binder. This strip form allows to combine the advantages of steel strip, i.e. high lateral and low radial stiffness and thinner piles, with those of conventional steel cord, i.e. high tensile strength and fatigure resistance.

Abstract: A metal cord is constructed by twisting three metal filaments in the same direction, and satisfies Lmax.gtoreq.1.05d, Lmin.gtoreq.1d and Lmax/Lmin.gtoreq.1.05 (Lmax : center distance between longest separated metal filaments, Lmin : center distance between shortest separated metal filaments, d : diameter of metal filament), and has specified twisting pitch and elongation under a load of 5 kg/cord. A pneumatic tire comprises a belt composed of plural belt layers each containing the above metal cords arranged at a given inclination angle with respect to the circumferential direction of the tire.

Abstract: A radial ply pneumatic tire (10) has carcass plies (13,14,15) reinforced by cables comprising only yarns of aramid filaments, and belt plies (31-35) reinforced by cables comprising at least two yarns of aramid filaments and a core yarn consisting of at least one polyamide or polyester filament which have at least a partially oriented structure, said aramid yarns being adjacent to one another and twisted about said core yarn but not being twisted together with one another.

Abstract: Textile cables (10) used for reinforcing tires comprise a plurality of yarns (11, 12, 13) which each consist of a plurality of aramid filaments (14) and each yarn has a twist imparted thereto. The yarns (11, 12, 13) are twisted together with one another to form cables (10). The twist ratio and the twist multiplier of the cable are dependent upon the intended end use of the cable. If the cable (10) is to be used in a high flex application, such as a reinforcing element in a carcass ply of a tire, the twist ratio is in the range of 1.0 to 1.9, and the twist multiplier is in the range of 8 to 12. If the cable (10) is to be used as a reinforcing element in the tread reinforcing structure of a tire, where there is some flexing but strength is very important, the twist ratio is in the range of 1.0 to 3.0, and the twist multiplier is in the range of 5 to 7. A preferred spacing between the cables is also disclosed.

Abstract: A steel cord comprises a central bundle of three twisted steel filaments (1) with a diameter d.sub.1 and nine steel filaments twisted around said central bundle with the same twist pitch and twist direction as the central bundle. Three filaments (2) of said nine steel filaments have a diameter d.sub.2 and contact two adjacent steel filaments of the central bundle. Six steel filaments (3) of said nine steel filaments have a diameter d.sub.3 and contact both one steel filament of the central bundle and one steel filament of the three filaments with diameter d.sub.2. The ratio d.sub.2 /d.sub.1 is greater than 1.05 and smaller than 1.16. The raio d.sub.3 /d.sub.1 is greater than-0.205=0.814.times.d.sub.2 /d.sub.1 and smaller than-0.105+0.814=d.sub.2 /d.sub.1.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for motor vehicles has a low absorption of horse-power. The tire has an annular tread reinforcing structure disposed in the crown which comprises two layers of rubberized fabric with metallic cords having a diameter of not more than 0.603 mm embedded therein; the radial reciprocal distance between the centers of two facing cords in the radial direction on the cross-section of the tire is not over 1 mm.

Abstract: A strand for reinforcing objects made of polymer material comprising at least one core wire and less than six outside wires arranged round it, the core wire having an outside diameter larger than the diameter of the circle tangent to each of the outside wires in the hollow space that remains free when their cross-sections have the highest packing density and smaller than the diameter of the outside wires, whereby the outside wires are made of carbon steel wire with a tensile strength of at least 2250-1130 log d N/mm.sup.2, d being the wire diameter in mm. The core wire has a tensile strength less than 2250-1130 log d N/mm.sup.2.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire includes a composite rope made of a cylindrical core of twisted filaments of aromatic polyamides around which a plurality of steel wires of a rectangular configuration are coiled. The steel wires are wound side-by-side in one layer. Each wire is twisted around its own axis to such a degree that its broader side fully engages the periphery of the polyamide core. The edges of respective wires are rounded whereby the convex narrow sides of adjoining wires contact one another substantially along a line.

Abstract: A steel cord usable for the reinforcement of rubber articles comprises a core of a single steel filament, an inner sheath composed of six steel filaments and an outer sheath composed of 7 to 12 steel filaments, wherein the steel filaments constituting the core, inner sheath and outer sheath have a diameter of 0.20.about.0.40 mm and satisfy the particular relations.

Abstract: A reinforcement assembly to be impregnated with a plastic or rubber material for reinforcing an article, such as a pneumatic tire, the assembly having three layers of cords: a core layer, an intermediate layer and an outer layer. The intermediate layer and the outer layer have the same direction of winding and the same pitch. When the core layer is wound in the same direction as the intermediate layer, the pitches of these layers differ in such a manner that the ratio between the difference in the values of these two pitches and the larger value of these two pitches is at least equal to 0.30. In the intermediate layer the axis of each cord is arranged along a helix such that the ratio between the radius of curvature of said helix and the diameter of said cord is less than 75.

Abstract: A method of obtaining a reinforcing assembly comprising reinforcement threads and a solid matrix is characterized by the fact that reinforcement threads surrounded individually by a sheathing of organic material I and furthermore surrounded by another sheathing of organic material II are grouped together, by the fact that the material II is caused to migrate into voids between the threads sheathed with material I and by the fact that the material II is caused to solidify.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire comprises an annular tread at a central portion, a pair of side wall portions, bead portions, a carcass extending between both bead wires, and a breaker composed of two or more cord layers with cords arranged at a cord angle of 5-60.degree. relative to the circumferential direction and between the tread and the carcass and intersecting in the adjacent plies. The cords constituting the carcass or the breaker are substantially made of polytetramethylene adipamide (4,6-nylon), and as buried in a rubber of the tire, have the following characteristics:5.0(%).ltoreq.E.sub.2 .ltoreq.9.0(%)E.sub.2 +.DELTA.S.ltoreq.13.0(%)where E.sub.2 is an elongation (%) at 2.0 g/d, and .DELTA.S is a heat shrinkability (%) when measured in the state that the cords are left at 177.degree. C. under application of load of 20 g/cord for 30 minutes and kept as it is. The burying rubber has the following characteristics:20 kg/cm.sup.2 .ltoreq.M.sub.100(%) .ltoreq.60 kg/cm.sup.2where M.sub.

Abstract: A radial tire having excellent cornering stability and high-speed durability is disclosed. The tire has a belt composed of a first structural body, which consists of a single rubberized cord layer containing cords of twisted metal wires and is folded at both lengthwise end portions, and a second structural body consisting of at least one rubberized cord layer containing unextensible cords, wherein the cord of twisted metal wires used in the first structural body has a specifically limited twisting construction and a specifically limited elongation.

Abstract: A tire cord for the belts of a radial or bias-belted tire, is described as consisting of only two brass-coated metal wires which are helically twisted to have a lay length of from 14 to 18 millimeters. Each of the wires has a diameter of 0.28 millimeters, and is composed of steel which has a carbon content of at least 0.80%, by weight.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for use in passenger cars is disclosed, which comprises a carcass as a reinforcement for a tire casing and a belt composed of two parallel-arranged belt layers each containing steel cords therein, the cords of which layers being crossed with each other with respect to the mid-circumferential line of the tire. In this tire, the belt is composed of a combination of a rubberized layer containing flexible and stretchable steel cords of strand construction in the same direction, each cord having a bending resistance of 5.about.1.4 gf/mm as a ratio of load to unit deflection under loading in three-point bending test and an elongation under a load of 3 kgf of 0.5.about.2% in tension test, and a layer and/or a cap composed of textile cords surrounding an outer periphery of each of at least both side ends of the rubberized layer.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for a passenger car, wherein a carcass layer consists of two layers, cords of nylon 46 fiber are used as the carcass cords of each of these layers, and the cords of one of the layers cross those of the other layer at an angle of from 5.degree. to 40.degree.. A pneumatic tire for a passenger car, wherein a belt cover layer is disposed on a belt layer and cords of nylon 46 fiber is disposed as the cords of the belt cover layer on the belt layer.

Abstract: There is described a novel fabric for use in tire building. The fabric is of open square construction and has a tackified finish to ease construction of tire carcases. A method of making the fabric is described as well as a method of making a tire using the fabric.

Abstract: An open type metal cord has a plurality of cord units each constituted by at least one preformed metal wire member. The wire members within a given cord unit have the same preforming ratio but have a different ratio from that of the wire members within another cord unit. A difference between the largest preforming ratio and the smallest preforming ratio in cord units falls within the range of 0.20 to 0.40. In this case, the maximum preforming ratio possible for the wire members is 1.65 and the minimum preforming ratio possible for the wire members is 1.05. A total number of wire members constituting a metal cord according to the present invention is 3 to 5.

Abstract: The tread reinforcing belt structure (24) of a pneumatic tire (10) has at least one belt ply (29) of flat steel wire. The belt ply of flat steel wire is stiffened by other components of the tread reinforcing structure such as belt plies of steel cables (28,30). It is especially important that the axially outermost edge portions of the belt ply of flat steel wires be supported by other components of the tread reinforcing belt structure, and that the flat wire have specific cross-sectional dimensions.

Abstract: A radial ply pneumatic tire has at least two carcass reinforcing layers, each of which comprises two discontinuous plies. Each discontinuous ply is anchored around a single bead core and extends through a sidewall into the crown portion of the tire where it axially overlaps the tread reinforcing belt structure. The two discontinuous plies of each carcass layer are separated by a circumferentially extending gap, and the gaps in each carcass layer are staggered relative to one another as well as relative to the circumferentially extending grooves of the tire's tread pattern.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire at least partially reinforced with steel cords. Most of steel filaments of said steel cords comprise iron materials having carbon content of 0.75 to 0.85 percent by weight. Said steel cords have an preferred tensile strength (TS) calculated from the following formula; ##EQU1## wherein W is the weight (g/m) of a steel cord, D is the diameter (mm) of the steel filament and N is the number of steel filaments of a steel cord and said steel cords also have a maintenance ratio of the knot strength of more than 60%.

Abstract: A cap ply for the belt reinforcing member of a pneumatic vehicle tire. The heat shrinking reinforcing elements of the cap ply are oriented in the circumferential direction of the tire, and consists of monofilament threads or monofilament cords, and have a filament fineness of at least 250 decitex. These monofilaments fulfill a wrapping function, and at the same time are airtight. The monofilaments also prevent corrosion of the steel plies of the belt.

Abstract: A belt structure of a pneumatic tire with plies (13, 15) consisting of alternating S and Z twist cords and the edges of at least one ply folded.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire comprising a carcass of a radial structure and a belt superimposed about a crown portion of the carcass is disclosed. The belt is composed of at least one open-twisted steel cord layer formed by embedding open-twisted steel cords. Each cord is composed of 4-5 steel filaments and having an elongation of 0.2-0.7% under a load of 5 kg/cord and a twisting pitch of 8-16 mm, in a coating rubber having a 100% modulus of 30-70 kg/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: A large-size pneumatic radial tire for use on rough road is disclosed, which comprises as a tire reinforcement a carcass ply of cords arranged in a direction substantially perpendicular to the equatorial plane of the tire and a belt composed of at least three cord layers each containing steel cords embedded parallel to each other in rubber and arranged at a relatively small angle with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, at least a pair of adjacent cord layers among which being piled one upon the other to cross their cords with each other at an angle of 15.degree.-30.degree. with respect to the equatorial plane. In this type of the tire, the outermost cord layer for the belt is a cord layer formed by embedding a plurality of twisted steel cords, each having a single layer construction of 1.times.3, 1.times.4 or 1.times.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pneumatic radial tire for a passenger car wherein, among a plurality of belt layers, a belt layer or layers consisting of aromatic polyamide fiber cords are disposed on the side of a carcass layer, a belt layer or layers consisting of carbon fiber cords are disposed on the side of a tread portion in the proximity of the belt layer on the carcass layer side, the end portions of at least one of the belt layers on the carcass layer side, consisting of the aromatic polyamide fiber cords, are bent towards the tread portion so that the bent portions cover the end portions of the belt layer on the tread portion side, consisting of the carbon fiber cords.

Abstract: A reinforcement assembly comprises from one to three layers of threads, one of which is a central layer having one or more shaped threads, i.e., threads having a center of gravity and a contour in an intersecting plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the thread, the distance from any point on the contour to the center of gravity depending on the position of the point on the contour. The twist pitch of each shaped thread is different from the winding pitch of the shaped thread in the layer in which it is located and if the element comprises three layers, the winding pitch of the outer layer is different from the winding pitch of the subjacent layer. Reinforced articles include such assemblies impregnated with a material, in particular pneumatic tires.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for motorcycles is disclosed, which comprises a tread portion defining a maximum width of the tire, a pair of sidewall portions, a pair of bead portions, a carcass of radial or semi-radial structure composed of at least one rubberized cord ply containing organic fiber cords therein, and a belt superimposed about a crown region of the carcass and composed of at least one cord layer containing cords with a modulus of elasticity of at least 600 kgf/mm.sup.2 arranged at an angle of not more than 30.degree. with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, and has an aspect ratio of not more than 86%.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire comprises (1) a pair of left and right bead portions, (2) a pair of left and right side-wall portions continuing from the respective bead portions, (3) a tread portion positioned between the side-wall portions, (4) a carcass layer provided between the left and right bead portions a cord angle of which is substantially 90 degree in relation to the circumferential direction of the tire, (5) an auxiliary carcass layer a cord angle of which is substantially 0 degree in relation to the circumferential direction of the tire, being placed on the tread side of the carcass layer substantially to correspond to the tread portion, so that the carcass layer and the auxiliary carcass layer may be crossed substantially at a right angle to form a net structure, and (6) a belt reinforcement layer having a tensile ridigity, at the circumferential of the tire, of not less than 10 kg/mm2, being placed on the auxiliary carcass layer substantially to correspond to the tread portion.

Abstract: A radial tire has a combined reinforcement consisting of a belt composed of at least three piled cord layers with steel cords buried in parallel in rubber in which the cords in each of the layers are set at a relatively small angle with respect to a tire equatorial plane and the cords in at least one pair of the adjacent cord layers are intersectingly arranged at an angle from 15.degree. to 30.degree. and a carcass having cords arranged substantially at right angles with respect to the tire equatorial plane. The steel cords buried in the at least one pair of the cord-intersecting cord layers other than the outermost cord layer have Young's modulus of 6,000 to 16,000 kg/mm.sup.2 and a flexural rigidity of 150 to 250 g, and the initial stage elongation (P.L.E.) of the rubberized cords taken out from the tire is not more than 0.2%.

Abstract: A reinforcing cord made of several steel wires includes a metal wrapping wire coiled around steel wires. The hardness of the wrapping wire is substantially less than the hardness of the steel wires. Preferably the wrapping wire is a flat wire whose longer side engages the cord.

Abstract: A heavy duty pneumatic radial tire having an improved service durability is disclosed, which comprises a radial carcass and a belt composed of at least three belt layers. In this tire, the belt has a so-called middle removed structure, wherein a pair of first belt layer portions are arranged at both sides of the belt near the carcass across the mid-circumference of the tire, and further a pair of insert cord plies having a particular tensile modulus per unit width are interposed between the first and second belt layers.

Abstract: A steel cord for reinforcing rubber products such as truck tires comprises a plurality of steel wires twisted together to form a multiwire layered cable construction having two or more successive wire layers around a common core. The wires of the outer layer are covered by a rubber adherable coating of, e.g. brass, and the wires (shaded) of the layer inwardly adjacent the surface layer are covered by a corrosion resistant coating, such as zinc or a zinc alloy.

Abstract: In an open-sided bicycle tire having a plurality of carcass plies enclosing a pair of beads, and extending over the sidewalls and tread of the tire, at least one ply of a breaker is disposed between the plies of the carcass lying immediately under the tread.

Abstract: A reinforcement cable is formed of an assembly of strands. Each strand is formed of two wires wound around each other in the same direction, with a constant pitch whose length is less than 300 mm. The two wires have linear contact with each other in the form of a helix. These helices have the same direction and the same constant pitch length. The assembly is formed of two strands of the same length of pitch and wound in opposite directions and/or it is formed of two to four strands such that the assembly has the same length of pitch and wound in the same direction as one strand and, with respect to another strand, a different length of pitch and/or wound in an opposite direction.

Abstract: A rubber adherable ferrous substrate for use in reinforcing vulcanizable elastomeric products includes a cold worked steel wire having a brass alloy coating of specified compact structure on its surface. There is provided also a process for covering a steel wire substrate with a compact alloy coating, in particular a thin brass diffusion coating having a specified permeability.

Abstract: Radial tires for motorcycles comprising a tread portion, side wall portions, bead portions, a carcass, a breaker, and optionally a reinforcing cord layer arranged outside the carcass and extending from one bead portion to the other bead portion and bead apexes made of a hard rubber, said tread portion having a plurality of longitudinal grooves in the circumferential direction at an angle of at least 5.degree. with respect to the cords of the most outer ply of the breaker. The motorcycle radial tires of the invention have an improved transverse stiffness at the side wall portions and moreover do not cause cracks at the bottom of the grooves in the tread portion.

Abstract: A high-durable pneumatic radial tire is disclosed using steel cords in at least one of the carcass and the belt. This steel cord is produced by twisting plural steel filaments each having a tensile strength of not less than 220 kgf/mm.sup.2, whose metallic structure being a fine pearlite structure having an average value of interlamellar distance between cementites of 300-500 .ANG. and an average sectional area of single pearlite crystal grain in filament section of not more than 20 .mu.m.sup.2.

Abstract: A reinforcement ply intended for use in a tire is characterized by the fact that the reinforcement ply is formed, at least in part, of a fabric having the following properties:(a) the fabric comprises a three-dimensional body and reinforcement threads arranged in the body and held by the body;(b) practically all the voids in the fabric are capable of being impregnated with at least one material which forms part of the structure of the tire.The invention also relates to these plies which are impregnated with at least one material which forms part of the structure of the tires. The invention further relates to tires having at least one reinforcement ply, as well as to the methods for obtaining such tires.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire for high-speed running type motorcycles is disclosed, which comprises a carcass of a bias structure composed of at least two plies each containing organic fiber cords, a tread portion of rubber, a breaker disposed between the carcass and tread and composed of at least one ply containing organic fiber cords, and a side portion of rubber. In the pneumatic tire, the carcass and breaker are arranged in substantially parallel with each other, and the carcass has a cord angle of 26.degree.-36.degree. with respect to the equatorial plane of the tire, and the breaker has a cord angle of 0.degree.-25.degree. with respect to the equatorial plane and extends at a width corresponding to 30-200% of the tread width.

Abstract: A pneumatic radial tire comprising a radial carcass and a belt superimposed about a crown of the carcass is disclosed. In this tire, the cord for the belt is a metallic cord comprising a core of two metallic wires and an outer layer of six metallic wires disposed about the core, all of these wires having the same diameter and twisting direction and a form ratio of 90.about.110%.