Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for connecting first (110) and second (120) plastic pipes.

Abstract: A method for making an electronic product. The method includes processing a flexible substrate (e.g., a web) with the use of a tensioner having a vacuum plate and an indexer that intermittently moves the flexible substrate for processing. While a designated location of the flexible substrate is stopped at a processing location, a process is performed on the designated location. Wherein while the designated location is stopped at the processing location, the vacuum plate of the tensioner moves in an opposite direction of the transport direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of joining substrates. It is the object of the invention in this respect to join substrates of substrate materials together without having to exert an increased effort for a coating with additional coating processes to be carried out and to be able to achieve a good quality of the join connection in so doing. In the method in accordance with the invention a pretreatment of at least one join surface of a substrate to be joined is carried out in low pressure oxygen plasma prior to the actual joining. On the joining, a contact force acts on the substrates to be joined in the range 2 kPa to 5 MPa and in this process a heat treatment is carried out at an elevated temperature of at least 100° C. and at under pressure conditions of a maximum of 10 mbar, preferably <10?3 mbar.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flat panel display is disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes forming a plurality of display elements over a first substrate and forming over the first substrate or a second substrate a plurality of sealing units respectively surrounding the display elements. The method further c includes arranging the first and second substrates to face each other and emitting a laser beam to the sealing units so as to bond the first and second substrates. The emitting includes (a) emitting a first laser beam, from a first laser source, clockwise or counterclockwise along perimeters of the sealing units and (b) substantially simultaneously emitting a second laser beam, from a second laser source, to facing sides of adjacent ones of the sealing units.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a process capable of manufacturing various types of curved members having a high-grade design surface which are used as glazing members for means of transport such as automobiles at a low cost. The present invention is the process of manufacturing a curved member having a high-grade design surface, comprises the steps of: (1) preparing a sheet having a high-grade design surface by injection compression molding a resin material containing a thermoplastic resin; (2) preheating the sheet at a temperature of (Tg+5)° C. to (Tg+70)° C. (Tg(° C.) is the glass transition temperature of the resin material) to soften it; and (3) applying pressure to the softened sheet to curve the high-grade design surface.

Abstract: A contoured glass sheet laminating system may include a glass-side vacuum bed, a laminate-side vacuum bed and a lamination actuator. The glass-side vacuum bed may include a vacuum backside and a mold-receiving side and may have sufficient permeability to permit a vacuum system to pull a vacuum across a thickness of the glass-side vacuum bed between the vacuum backside and the mold-receiving side of the glass-side vacuum bed. The laminate-side vacuum bed may include a vacuum backside and a thin-film loading side and may have sufficient permeability to permit a vacuum system to pull a vacuum across a thickness of the laminate-side vacuum bed between the vacuum backside and the thin-film loading side of the of the laminate-side vacuum bed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vacuum heat insulating material. Also disclosed is a heat insulating box using the vacuum heat insulating material. The vacuum heat insulating material includes a core member and envelope members having gas-barrier properties and including heat-seal layers. The envelope members are opposed to each other in such a manner that the core member is disposed between the heat-seal layers. The envelope members are entirely heated to a temperature at which the heat-seal layers are melted, and the heat-seal layers are heat sealed to each other by applying uniform pressure to the entire envelope members from outside to inside the envelope members.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for assembling insulating glass panes filled with a gas other than air. According to said method, two glass sheets provided with a spacer are arranged in a vertical or inclined position and facing each other, gas that is different from air is introduced into a chamber from below and the insulating glass pane is formed by moving the glass sheets closer to each other after reaching a desired gas filling level. According to the invention, the gas is homogenized before said gas is introduced through said gap.

Abstract: A transparent laminate is produced by preparing a pair of transparent substrates, forming a sealing portion along the periphery on one of the transparent substrates for sealing a curable resin composition, supplying the curable resin composition in a region on the transparent substrate surrounded by the sealing portion, overlaying the other transparent substrate on the supplied curable resin composition in a reduced pressure atmosphere so that the curable resin composition is sealed as it is sandwiched between the pair of transparent substrates, and subsequently curing the curable resin composition in an atmosphere having a higher pressure than the pressure of the atmosphere in which the composition is sandwiched, to produce the transparent laminate.

Abstract: A holding tool 2 for use in producing of laminated glass includes a frame 3, a bag member 4 and a supporting member 6b for suspending the bag member 4 from the frame 3. The bag member 4 is made of a film with flexibility and airtightness, is provided with a sealable opening and has evacuating ports 7a and 7b in the vicinity of an periphery of a flat shape thereof having the periphery sealed. The frame 3 has a first frame member 3w and a second frame member 3y opposing each other and disposed outside the periphery of the bag member 4, and the bag member 4 is suspended by the supporting member 6b movably against the frame 3 on a holding face formed at least by the first frame member 3w and the second frame member 3y inside an area formed by connecting ends of these frame members.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for resizing COTS AMLCDs or other electronic displays, as well as resized displays made using these apparatus and methods, are provided. The electronic display includes a front plate, a back plate, a perimeter seal spacing the front and back plates apart, and image-generating medium contained in an area between the front and back plates. A target portion of the display may be identified and separated from an excess portion of the display, e.g., by cutting and breaking the plates of the display, thereby creating an exposed edge along the target portion. The plates of the target portion are pressed towards one another, e.g., to stabilize or compress the target portion. An adhesive is applied to the exposed edge, and the pressure is released to draw the adhesive between the plates along the exposed edge.

Abstract: An apparatus for sealing a substrate assembly by applying a force to the assembly while simultaneously exposing the substrate assembly, and in particular a sealing material disposed between two substrates of the substrate assembly, to an irradiating beam of electromagnetic energy. The beam heats, cures and/or melts the sealing material, depending upon the sealing material to form the seal. The force is applied by directing a flow of fluid against the substrate assembly, and beneficially improves contact between the substrates of the substrate assembly and the sealing material during the sealing process, therefore assisting in achieving a hermetic seal between the substrates.

Abstract: An automatic device for perimetric sealing of an insulating glazing unit composed of at least two glass panes and at least one spacer frame supported and movable in a slightly inclined position with respect to the vertical on a conveyor. A sealing head movable with relative motion with respect to the glazing unit has at least one sealing nozzle suitable to deliver a sealant flow. In order to maintain the correct mutual position of said at least one sealing nozzle with respect to the cavities of the glazing unit to be sealed and to allow the spacing of the nozzle therefrom, a sensor is provided transversely to the plane of the insulating glazing unit that detects the distance from the glass pane. An actuation mechanism is further provided for the relative motion between the sealing head and nozzle and the glazing unit.

Abstract: A method of making an insulated, impact resistant glass product from first and second sheets of glass. The first sheet of glass includes a major surface with a perimeter surface portion surrounding a central surface portion. The method comprises applying a raised barrier to the perimeter surface portion to produce a dam of a predetermined height surrounding the central surface portion. A curable fluid material is dispensed over the central surface portion and the curable fluid material spreads outward from the central surface portion to the raised barrier. The second sheet of glass is attached to the raised barrier leaving a gap between a major surface of the second sheet of glass and the cured fluid material.

Abstract: An apparatus for sealing a substrate assembly by applying a force to the assembly while simultaneously exposing the substrate assembly, and in particular a sealing material disposed between two substrates of the substrate assembly, to an irradiating beam of electromagnetic energy. The beam heats, cures and/or melts the sealing material, depending upon the sealing material to form the seal. The force is applied by directing a flow of fluid against the substrate assembly, and beneficially improves contact between the substrates of the substrate assembly and the sealing material during the sealing process, therefore assisting in achieving a hermetic seal between the substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for joining two or more components made of glass, ceramic, and/or glass ceramic, using a soluble glass joining solution having sodium, potassium, and/or lithium ions and/or a silica sol, the joining solution being applied to joint surfaces between the components to be joined and solidified at mild temperatures, the method being either characterized in that the joining solution comprises an additive selected among boric acid, boron compounds from which boric acid can result by hydrolysis, aluminum acetates, aluminum silicate/NH3/H2O titanium compounds forming titanium hydroxy cations, water-soluble zinc compounds, water-soluble zircon compounds, and water-soluble yttrium compounds, wherein said additive is added in an amount that reduces the pH value of the underlying soluble glass, and/or characterized in that, after the joining solution is applied and the components to be joined are brought together and fixed, the joined components are dried by removing water at room

Abstract: A method for producing a fire protection glazing including at least two flat substrates and a fire protection element, preferably transparent, including at least one film or a film system which includes at least one intumescent layer and is disposed between the substrates. Several segments of the film of the fire protection element are applied to a first substrate, wherein the film segments cover the entire surface of the substrate which is provided with a fire protection element. Afterwards a second substrate is arranged on the first substrate including the film segments and is exposed to a high pressure and high temperature binding treatment which can be carried out, for example in an antoclave.

Abstract: A mechanical device for displacing jaws of a spring biased clamp includes a housing for receiving handles of the spring biased clamp. The housing has a platform moveable toward and away from a wall to move the handles of the clamp toward and away from one another, to move the jaws of the clamp away from and toward one another, respectively. A control member activates and deactivates a force applying member operationally connected to the platform, wherein activating the force applying member moves the platform toward the wall and deactivating the force applying member moves the platform away from the wall of the housing. The device is used to apply clamps to marginal edge portions of a stack of two one or more sheets to provide a clamped subassembly. The clamped subassembly in one embodiment is laminated to provide an aircraft transparency.

Abstract: An apparatus for sealing a substrate assembly by applying a force to the assembly while simultaneously exposing the substrate assembly, and in particular a sealing material disposed between two substrates of the substrate assembly, to an irradiating beam of electromagnetic energy. The beam heats, cures and/or melts the sealing material, depending upon the sealing material to form the seal. The force is applied by directing a flow of fluid against the substrate assembly, and beneficially improves contact between the substrates of the substrate assembly and the sealing material during the sealing process, therefore assisting in achieving a hermetic seal between the substrates.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for laminating a suspended particle device (SPD) film which comprises forming a suspended particle device film; positioning the suspended particle device film within an unlaminated stack of components for forming a laminated suspended particle device film, wherein the stack comprises at least one hot melt adhesive sheet or film contacting an outer surface of the suspended particle device film; subjecting the unlaminated stack to at least a partial vacuum, preheating the unlaminated stack of components under the vacuum for a time and at a temperature selected to permit at least partial degassing of the stack and applying a sufficient net pressure to the stack at a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time to produce a laminated suspended particle device film from the unlaminated stack.

Abstract: A process for producing an arched pane arrangement for a motor vehicle, using a flexible die (24), a plastic film (22) being pressed onto the arched glass pane (18) in order to form a film combination (26) and the film combination being subjected to heat treatment at an pressure which is below atmospheric pressure in order to laminate the plastic film onto the pane. The die (24) is thin glass or a metal foil with a layer thickness of less than 1 mm each.

Abstract: The invention relates to a product which is at least partly transparent and of high optical quality, equivalent to that of a glass window, which can be approved as a motor-vehicle window according to the various standards in force, and having a plastic core coated with a skin comprising at least one plastic film coated with a scratch-resistant layer; it also relates to a process for manufacturing this product and to the application of the latter as a body element, part of which forms a window, for example for motor vehicles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a product which is at least partly transparent and of high optical quality, equivalent to that of a glass window, which can be approved as a motor-vehicle window according to the various standards in force, and having a plastic core coated with a skin comprising at least one plastic film coated with a scratch-resistant layer; it also relates to a process for manufacturing this product and to the application of the latter as a body element, part of which forms a window, for example for motor vehicles.

Abstract: An improved method of bonding involves using direct fluid pressure to press together the layers to be bonded. Advantageously one or more of the layers are sufficiently flexible to provide wide area contact under the fluid pressure. Fluid pressing can be accomplished by sealing an assembly of layers to be bonded and disposing the assembly in a pressurized chamber. It can also be accomplished by subjecting the assembly to jets of pressurized fluid. The result of this fluid pressing is reduction of voids and enhanced uniformity over an enlarged area.

Abstract: An apparatus through which a substrate may be transferred between a first chamber and a second chamber in which the first chamber is maintained at a high temperature relative to the ambient temperature of the second chamber. The apparatus comprises a passageway for receiving the substrate and a thermally isolating interface. The thermally isolating interface reduces heat transfer from the first chamber to the second chamber and allows for transfer of the substrate between the apparatus and the second chamber. The thermally isolating interface includes a hole having dimensions such that the substrate is transferrable through the thermally isolating interface.

Abstract: A base textile with a camouflage pattern is subjected to hot fluid streams to create flat regions and puckered or wrinkled regions, enhancing the three dimensional characteristics of the resulting material.

Abstract: A device for fast, easy and cost-effective de-airing of different shape, size and thickness laminates that comprises a flexible vacuum ring with a built-in longitudinal channel that can be matingly mounted about a periphery of a multi-ply laminate, and a male connector part attached to one end of the flexible vacuum ring, where the male connector is shaped such that the longitudinal channel can slide onto the male connector to form an airtight seal while still providing gas flow through the flexible vacuum ring mounted about the periphery of the laminate. The device can be readily applied to and removed from the assemblies to be laminated, and is constructed to be applicable to any size, shape or thickness laminate, particularly the one with sharp corners.

Abstract: For encapsulating an electronic component, in particular a semiconductor chip the component (3) at a distance is fastened onto a flat substrate (2). For this on the substrate there is deposited an elastomer layer (4, 9) which compensates the differing thermal expansion coefficients between the substrate and the component. A buffer material and/or an adhesive in liquid or pasty form is deposited from a dispenser and the component at room temperature is placed onto the buffer material and/or the adhesive. Before the final curing the buffer material and/or the adhesive is firstly subjected to a precuring. Subsequently the component by way of electrical leads is connected to contact locations on the substrate and lastly there is effected an encasing of all remaining hollow spaces including the electrical leads, with a protective mass.

Abstract: A method for preparing a transparent laminated article comprising a bonding layer which is an extruded copolymer having contiguous grooved or scored surface and a transparent sheet of glass laminated to at lest one surface of the layer which comprises the steps of:

Abstract: The invention relates to a product which is at least partly transparent and of high optical quality, equivalent to that of a glass window, which can be approved as a motor-vehicle window according to the various standards in force, and having a plastic core coated with a skin comprising at least one plastic film coated with a scratch-resistant layer; it also relates to a process for manufacturing this product and to the application of the latter as a body element, part of which forms a window, for example for motor vehicles.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a thin-sheet-coated composite substrate bonds together a thin sheet and a substrate which unavoidably has an irregular thickness with an adhesive so that the outer surface of the thin sheet has the highest possible flatness. A surface plate having a flat surface of high flatness is held by a chuck included in a spinner with the flat surface facing upward. The thin sheet is placed on the surface plate in close contact with the flat surface of the surface plate. A liquid adhesive is dropped on the thin sheet and the substrate is placed on the adhesive. The chuck is rotated at high rotational speed to spread the adhesive in the space between the thin sheet and the substrate and to remove a surplus portion of the adhesive from the space between the thin sheet and the substrate by centrifugal force.

Abstract: An apparatus for setting a gap of a glass panel (W) having two glass substrates (20, 21) is disclosed. It includes an annular spacer (12) for surrounding the glass panel (W), a supporting plate (11) for supporting the glass panel and the annular spacer, the width of the supporting plate being greater than that of the annular spacer, a pair of opposing columns (2, 2A) for receiving the supporting plate (11), a flexible sheet (14) disposed on the annular spacer, the width of the sheet being greater than that of the annular spacer so as to be associated with the supporting plate to enclose the glass panel, means (13, 15, 16) for defining a closed space between the supporting plate (11) and the flexible sheet (14), a passage (8) in fluid communication with the closed space, and means (9) connected to the passage for evacuating the closed space.

Abstract: An automatic method and device for filling, with gases other than air, insulating glazing units. The method entailing a step for injecting the gas and expelling the air so as to produce a laminar flow through a manifold constituted by the hollow region of the profile that forms the spacer frame. The method and the device allow a considerable saving in costs, reducing the amount of gas required for filling to an amount very close to the volume of the inner space provided in the insulating glazing unit.

Abstract: A process for producing a multi-layer film having a plurality of synthetic resin layers laminated on a releasable flat substrate by casting, which comprises firstly forming on the substrate a synthetic resin layer having adhesive or sticking properties, and then casting and curing on the synthetic resin layer having adhesive or sticking properties at least one kind of reaction-curable resin raw material mixture substantially free from a solvent to form at least one cured synthetic resin layer, so that the uppermost layer is composed of a cured synthetic resin superior in surface properties to its adjacent layer. Further, surface defects transferred from the substrate to the adhesive layer are substantially eliminated by a subsequent lamination step.

Abstract: A no autoclave process for forming a safety laminate which involves interposing a plasticized polyvinyl butyral sheet having a water content of 0.2 weight percent or more between a pair of glass layers to form a laminate assembly, enclosing at least the edges of the assembly in a sealed space, subjecting the sealed space to vacuum to deair the laminate assembly, heating the deaired laminate assembly to a temperature sufficient to seal the edges of the glass layers and plasticized polyvinyl butyral sheet and then subjecting the laminate assembly to a temperature and for a time sufficient to bond the glass layers to the sheet while reducing the vacuum to an extent effective to counteract water bubble formation in the sheet to form a safety laminate meeting the American National Standards Code for Safety Glazing Materials.

Abstract: An apparatus for laminating a layer of polymer plastic film to a precast layer of glass is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a support saddle having a receiving surface that is shaped and dimensioned to support the precast layer of glass. The layer of polymer plastic film is positioned by a holding means in the form of toothed upper and lower opposed collar members in spaced apart relation with respect to the glass. A ram having a hard flexible contact member adapted to intimately contact plastic film is positioned at a distance away from the plastic film. The ram and the saddle are brought towards each other so as to cause the hard flexible contact member to contact the plastic film, which in turn causes the plastic film to contact the preformed layer of glass, such that the hard flexible contact member, the plastic film, the glass and the saddle are in intimate contact seriatim.

Abstract: To fill insulating glass panes with a heavy gas, one of the glass plates (40) of which the insulating glass pane is formed is initially only partly joined to the other glass plate (42) during assembly and to that end is flexed along one edge so that a gap is temporarily left between the glass plate (40) and the spacer (41) and a heavy gas can be introduced through that gap to fill the interior space of the insulating gas pane.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a laminated transparent substrate comprising the steps of sandwiching between transparent glass substrates ionomer resin formed by bridging ethylenemetacryl acid copolymars with sodium ions, to form a laminated structure and sealing it in a reduced pressure atmosphere; applying heat and pressure to said laminated structure; rapidly decreasing the pressure applied to said laminated structure; and then rapidly decreasing the temperature of said laminated structure.

Abstract: Articles including a thin laminar heating element composed of a sintered conductive polymer, and electrodes attached to the heating element so that current flows in the plane of the element. The article can be placed between and in contact with two substrates, and then heated to join the two substrates together. Preferably at least one of the substrates is polymeric and becomes melt-fused to the article.

Abstract: For the manufacture of curved insulating glazing panes having close tolerances of form, surface and thickness, the curved single glass sheets (2; 22) are brought to their desired shape via rigid suction mold plates (1; 21) and are glued together in this condition. A device suitable for carrying out this method consists of a press having two rigid plates (3; 23), template strips (4, 5; 24, 25) and positioning stops (8, 10; 28, 30) corresponding to the theoretical shape of the glass sheets, and also retractable suckers (15; 26) disposed between the template strips (4, 5; 24, 25), being mounted on the rigid plates (3; 23).

Abstract: An impact-resistant laminate has a front glass sheet which receives an impact such as a bullet, and a rear polycarbonate sheet. A thin polycarbonate sheet up to about 1 mm thick is adhered to the rear polycarbonate sheet, and carries a self-healing polyurethane coating.

Abstract: A protective superposed layer composite glass structure includes at least one glass plate, a polyurethane film, and a polyvinyl butyral sheet between the glass plate and the polyurethane film for attaching the polyurethane sheet to the glass plate. A polycarbonate plate is superposed against the polyurethane film. Alternatively, a polyester sheet can be superposed against the polyurethane film. A process for making a superposed layer composite glass structure includes surrounding the various layer elements with bands formed of a thermo-retractable material, calendering the layered elements surrounded by the bands at a temperature approximately in the range of 120.degree. to 200.degree. C. and subsequently subjecting the layered elements surrounded by the bands to the action of an autoclave at a temperature approximately in the range of 120.degree. to 200.degree. C. under a pressure approximately in the range of 10 to 15 bars.

Abstract: A laminated article comprising two outer glass layers, a polyvinyl acetal layer disposed therebetween and a fibrous layer encapsulated in said polyvinyl acetal layer; and a process for producing said laminated article comprising(1) maintaining a substantially constant vacuum in a flexible container containing an assembly comprising(a) a first glass layer,(b) a first polyvinyl acetal layer in contact with said first glass layer,(c) a fibrous layer in contact with said first polyvinyl acetal layer,(d) a second polyvinyl acetal layer in contact with said fibrous layer and(e) a second glass layer in contact with said second polyvinyl acetal layer;(2) applying pressure on said container while increasing the same from about ambient pressure to an elevated pressure level and simultaneously increasing the temperature on the contents of said container from about ambient temperature to an elevated temperature level;(3) reducing the temperature on the contents of said container from said elevated temperature level to ab

Abstract: A method of preliminarily pressing a bent assembly comprising a pair of bent glass sheets and a flexible interlayer comprising a first heating step performed without vacuum, a biasing step, an unbiasing step and followed by a second heating step performed simultaneously with an application of vacuum. When the assembly so prepressed is further laminated under heat and pressure, it develops fewer bubbles after a heat stability test involving exposure to high temperature for an extended period than assemblies further laminated under such heat and pressure conditions after a prepressing step that includes passing the assembly between rollers prior to the further lamination step.

Abstract: A small autoclave for bonding composite lenses comprising a cylindrical pressure vessel adapted to contain therein a lens tray for holding optical lenses aligned horizontally in a vertical array.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the simultaneous shaping and lamination of lightweight laminated transparencies, particularly those that are suitable for use in aircraft. The plies of an assembly to be shaped and laminated are assembled with additional elements to form a flexible cell of air impervious material. The cell includes an air impervious flexible wall defining a peripheral space around the assembly and porous material in the space. The cell containing the assembly is mounted over a vacuum mold and heated to sag the cell and its assembly to the contour of the mold while evacuating the cell while the cell and said assembly are exposed to atmospheric pressure.The cell is cooled while still under evacuation until the shape of the assembly is set, then is separated from the vacuum mold. The resulting assembly thus shaped and laminated is separated from the cell.

Abstract: A method of bonding a first, vitreous sheet to a second sheet to form a laminate which includes the steps of bonding together the sheets using an adhesive material which is at most 250 .mu.m thick and has a viscosity in the range 15 to 300 poises, the adhesive being such that it is settable by evaporation of solvent or by hot or cold curing. The assembly is degassed by subjecting it to sub-atmospheric pressure at a temperature such as to maintain the adhesive viscosity within that range whereafter it is exposed to atmospheric pressure and the adhesive is caused or allowed to set.

Abstract: A laminated glass product is produced without an autoclave by a technique that applies an excess of liquid plasticizer to each upwardly facing interfacial surface of an assembly to be laminated in various stages of assembly while said upwardly facing surface is exposed to ensure the absence of air bubbles in the ultimate laminated product.

Abstract: A laminate assembly having rigid sheets about a thermoplastic interlayer has interfacial surfaces evacuated and peripheral edges sealed by applying localized vacuum and heat to only the periphery and marginal edge portions. A flexible heating blanket having marginally embedded heating elements overlies the laminate assembly and is biased theretoward by a flexible channel-shaped ring. The channel-shaped ring establishes a conduit about the periphery of the laminate assembly which is evacuated to remove entrapped air, and the heating element is energized to bond and seal the marginal edge portions of the assembly.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing multi-layer laminates of glass and plastic of the type subject to nonsymmetrical thermal shear stress, such as flat or curved glass-plastic laminates or curved glass-plastic-glass sandwiches. Use of difunctional silane-treated glass and an aliphatic polyether polyurethane interlayer allows curing at temperatures low enough to minimize shear stresses which tend to cause delamination or shattering of the thin layer of glass in the finished part. The interlayer of aliphatic polyether polyurethane can be replaced by cured-in-place polyurethane having a polyether backbone, allowing processing at even lower temperatures.