Abstract: An integument which contributes to the maintenance of surface integrity is disclosed, particularly a sheet for use in preparing laminates, such as vehicle windshields, in which an energy absorbing ply, for example, a ply of poly(vinyl butyral), is sandwiched between two glass plies, the sheet of this invention being applied to an exposed surface of one of the glass plies and having one surface layer comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane capable of adhering to a glass or plastic substrate and the other surface layer comprising a thermoset polyurethane having anti-lacerative, self-healing and anti-ablative properties; there is further disclosed the manufacture and application of such a sheet as a ply facing the interior of a vehicle, thereby forming a windshield the inwardly exposed surface of which comprises a thermoset polyurethane which protects the vehicle occupants from facial lacerations caused by windshield impact and which has self-healing properties.

Abstract: For use in the prepressing of laminated safety glass in which glass-plastic assemblies are sealed in individual plastic bags, a rectangular heating oven having a bottom wall provided with a longitudinally extending slot, a plurality of portable racks, each rack being provided with a solid base operating slot in the bottom wall of the oven and with a plurality of horizontal shelves positioned in spaced relation one above the other for supporting individual assemblies, the shelves being pivotally mounted and movable to a vertically inclined position to permit the placement of one of the assemblies on the next lower shelf or its removal therefrom. Each rack is provided with means for creating a vacuum in the associated plastic bags to withdraw the air therefrom as well as from between the laminations. Means are also included for advancing the racks through the oven in end-to-end abutting relation to close the slot and provide a substantially closed heating chamber in the oven.

Abstract: A novel polyurethane can be used to form asymmetrical laminates with glass and plastics such as polycarbonate at temperatures below 150.degree. F. The polyurethane is a reaction product of a diisocyanate, a high molecular weight polyether glycol or polyester glycol, and at least two different diols.

Abstract: Hinged glass photomask assemblies for photolithographic processes are disclosed wherein a flexible polymeric split hinge is used to join glass plates thereby providing for greater flexibility of the phototool.

Abstract: The apparatus serves to apply a plastic strip to a rectangular glass pane so that the strip extends peripherally along all edges of the pane.

Abstract: Thermoplastic molding compositions comprising 65-80% by weight (based on the molding composition) of a polyvinylbutyral which preferably contains 19-28% by weight (based on the polyvinylbutyral) of vinyl alcohol units, and 35-20% by weight (based on the molding composition) of a plasticizer mixture of 50-99% by weight (based on the plasticizer mixture) of a di-, tri- or tetra-glycol diester and 50-1% by weight (based on the plasticizer mixture) of a phosphoric acid triester. The preparation of the molding compositions by mixing the constituent components and their use for the production of shaped thermoplastic articles, in particular high-strength films for use as the bonding intermediate layer in the production of laminated glass.

Abstract: A process for making semi-reflective metallized glasses containing an anchoring layer, said anchoring layer being deposited by vacuum evaporation from an alloy comprising nickel in an amount of from about 40-70% by weight, chromium in an amount of from about 5-31% by weight, and molybdenum in an amount of from about 3-28% by weight. The anchoring layer may also be deposited from an alloy of nickel, chromium, molybdenum and at least one metal selected from the group of tungsten, iron and cobalt, in an amount of from about 55-75% by weight nickel, iron and cobalt, from about 5-31% by weight chromium, and from about 3-28% by weight molybdenum and tungsten. The anchoring layer is deposited upon the surface of a support glass by vacuum evaporation after which one or more layers may be deposited upon this anchoring layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel having uniform cell thickness is composed of a first substrate and a second opposed substrate where each substrate has cooperating electrodes selectively disposed on the interior surfaces thereof. At least one of the substrates is a laminate of two flexible plastic films and a polarizing film therebetween. The plastic films have different thermal expansion coefficients, with the thermal expansion coefficient of the film on the interior surface being less than the thermal expansion coefficient of the film on the opposed substrate so that the center of the substrate is biased convexly towards the opposed substrate. Substantially rigid spacer members are disposed between the substrates. Adhesive substances are disposed about the periphery of the substrates for coupling the substrates and maintaining the display panel assembled. The at least one substrate is a laminate biased against the spacer members for maintaining uniform thickness across the display panel.

Abstract: Low temperature impact delamination of laminates containing adjacent layers of polycarbonate or polyacrylate and polyvinyl butyral is overcome by a flexible, hydrophobic, adhesive coating of poly-vinylidene chloride or urethane acrylate resin at the interface between the polycarbonate or polyacrylate and the polyvinyl butyral.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the simultaneous shaping and lamination of lightweight laminated transparencies, particularly those that are suitable for use in aircraft. The plies of an assembly to be shaped and laminated are assembled with additional elements to form a flexible cell of air impervious material. The cell includes an air impervious flexible wall defining a peripheral space around the assembly and porous material in the space. The cell containing the assembly is mounted over a vacuum mold and heated to sag the cell and its assembly to the contour of the mold while evacuating the cell while the cell and said assembly are exposed to atmospheric pressure.The cell is cooled while still under evacuation until the shape of the assembly is set, then is separated from the vacuum mold. The resulting assembly thus shaped and laminated is separated from the cell.

Abstract: Disclosed, in a method for preparing a preformed thermoplastic/thermoset wafer for lamination to a prefinished ophthalmic lens, the improvement comprising: storing the preformed thermoplastic/thermoset wafer immediately after manufacture under refrigerating conditions; and subjecting said stored wafer to a temperature of 90.degree. to 120.degree. F. at 50% to 70% RH for no more than 48 hours just prior to lamination of same to an ophthalmic lens.

Abstract: Polyvinyl butyral laminates with polyethylene terephthalate having an abrasion-resistant silanol coating and their preparation.

Abstract: Selectively light transmitting or electrically conductive film having a heat shrinking property and preformed self-supporting flexible laminar structure including said film, which are suitable for a safety glass-type construction use with a good appearance.

Abstract: When a laminated light transmitting fire-screening panel is formed by sandwiching at least one layer of intumescent material between at least two plies of glazing material, there is a risk that air will be entrapped between the various plies as they are bonded together.In order to reduce such entrapment of air, the sandwich is assembled while there is present between the or each layer and any panel sheet element which is to be brought into contact therewith, an atmosphere which immediately prior to such contact consists at least in part of one or more materials which is more soluble in the intumescent material than is air, and the sandwich assembly is then subjected to heat and/or pressure to bond it together to form the laminate. Such more soluble material is preferably the vapor phase of a solvent for the intumescent material, for example water.

Abstract: A fire-screening glazing panel including a plurality of sheets of vitreous material and at least two spaced layers of intumescent material each sandwiched between sheets of the vitreous material. At least two of the plurality of vitreous sheets are internal vitreous sheets sandwiched between the at least two intumescent layers, and the at least two internal vitreous sheets are laminated together without intervening intumescent material.

Abstract: A curved glass X-Ray reflector having a curve depth d' including a glass plate having a stiffness S.sub.1 ; a backing plate having a stiffness S.sub.2 and a curved surface with curve depth d; and bonding means for joining the glass plate to the curved surface, the resulting curved glass reflector having curve depth d', where d' is equal to d/R and R is the ratio of (S.sub.1+ S.sub.2)/S.sub.2 ; and a method of making such a reflector.

Abstract: For use in the manufacture of laminated safety glass, a vacuum bag in which the glass-plastic laminations are bonded together formed of fiber glass cloth having a layer of silicon-rubber applied to the outer surface thereof which seals the interstices between the glass fibers but leaves the interior surface of the bag bare and the individual glass fibers exposed for direct contact with the glass sheets during lamination.

Abstract: An interlayer material is scanned prior to laminating same with glass sheets to generate a thickness variation signal, a wedge angle signal and an optical power signal. The signals are then selectively filtered to determine the thickness variation, wedge angle and optical power of the interlayer after lamination.

Abstract: A composition for an interlayer film of a laminated safety glass, said composition comprising (A) a thermoplastic resin resulting from copolymerization of (1) vinyl chloride, (2) glycidyl methacrylate and (3) at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylenic hydrocarbons, vinyl esters of fatty acids, acrylic esters and vinyl ethers, and (B) a plasticizer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a thermal pane window or door and the product so produced. The method comprises assembling at least two panes of glass in spaced parallel relation to each other, defining a space therebetween and separated all around the edges by a metal spacer frame, and electrostatically bonding the frame to its adjacent panes in the presence of heat and pressure.The resultant thermal pane window or door is characterized by a hermetically sealed space between the two panes of glass that preferably has been evacuated so as to contain no moisture and oxygen and then preferably is filled with a low heat-loss gas or left under vacuum.

Abstract: A composition for an interlayer film of a laminated safety glass, said composition comprising (A) a thermoplastic resin resulting from copolymerization of (1) vinyl chloride, (2) glycidyl methacrylate and (3) at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of ethylenic hydrocarbons, vinyl esters of fatty acids, acrylic esters and vinyl ethers, and (B) a plasticizer.

Abstract: A laminated glass product is produced without an autoclave by a technique that applies an excess of liquid plasticizer to each upwardly facing interfacial surface of an assembly to be laminated in various stages of assembly while said upwardly facing surface is exposed to ensure the absence of air bubbles in the ultimate laminated product.

Abstract: An interlayer material is scanned prior to laminating same with glass sheets to generate a thickness variation signal, a wedge angle signal and an optical power signal. The signals are then selectively filtered to determine the thickness variation, wedge angle and optical power of the interlayer after lamination.

Abstract: This invention relates to an arrangement of vacuum cups in a bent glass sheet sandwich assembly apparatus and method of using said arrangement that provides a temporary bias to the central portion of a bent glass sheet to insure that a flexible sheet of interlayer material applied to the bent glass sheet initially engages its central portion and the area of engagement extends gradually to the edge of the sheets to avoid entrapment of air or other vapors in the interface of the resulting subassembly. When another bent glass sheet is applied to the opposite surface of the flexible sheet of interlayer material, the subassembly is temporarily biased once more to insure initial engagement in the central portion gradually extending to the edge of the sheets to avoid entrapment of air or other vapors in the interface of the subassembly with the second bent glass sheet.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for the automatic assembly of a flexible interlayer sheet with one or more bent glass sheets using residual heat from bending the glass sheets to make the flexible interlayer sheet sufficiently tacky to avoid relative sliding between the sheets comprising the subassembly or sandwich that is assembled.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for aligning a pair of bent glass sheets of matching configuration for assembly with a position occupied by a flexible sheet of interlayer material to form a sandwich to be laminated.

Abstract: A laminate assembly having rigid sheets about a thermoplastic interlayer has interfacial surfaces evacuated and peripheral edges sealed by applying localized vacuum and heat to only the periphery and marginal edge portions. A flexible heating blanket having marginally embedded heating elements overlies the laminate assembly and is biased theretoward by a flexible channel-shaped ring. The channel-shaped ring establishes a conduit about the periphery of the laminate assembly which is evacuated to remove entrapped air, and the heating element is energized to bond and seal the marginal edge portions of the assembly.

Abstract: A mold for supporting a flexible sheet of interlayer material for assembly against a bent glass sheet or between a pair of bent glass sheets of matching configuration has a first apertured wall shaped to conform to the shape of the bent glass, and a second apertured wall of conforming shape adapted for coupling to a vacuum source to form and hold the flexible sheet of interlayer material against the mold in unwrinkled condition. The mold is pivoted to a carriage from a mold loading orientation of convex elevational configuration to a mold unloading orientation of concave elevational configuration. Carriage movement between a mold loading station and an assembly station is correlated to the elevational configuration of the mold in a method of using the mold in assembling said flexible sheet of interlayer material againt one or more bent glass sheets.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing multi-layer laminates of glass and plastic of the type subject to nonsymmetrical thermal shear stress, such as flat or curved glass-plastic laminates or curved glass-plastic-glass sandwiches. Use of difunctional silane-treated glass and an aliphatic polyether polyurethane interlayer allows curing at temperatures low enough to minimize shear stresses which tend to cause delamination or shattering of the thin layer of glass in the finished part. The interlayer of aliphatic polyether polyurethane can be replaced by cured-in-place polyurethane having a polyether backbone, allowing processing at even lower temperatures.

Abstract: A process for producing a safety laminate comprising at least two plates bonded to each other through an adhesive interlayer, which comprises(1) applying an adhesiveness-imparting agent being liquid at ambient temperature and substantially non-adhesive to said plates to at least one of (a) the surface of each of said plates and (b) each surface to be bonded to said surface (a) of a sheet-like adhesive material which is substantially non-adhesive, and only latently adhesive, to said plates, said adhesiveness-imparting agent being capable of developing the latent adhesiveness of said sheet-like adhesive material; and(2) sandwiching said sheet-like adhesive material as an interlayer between two of said plates to bond said plates through the interlayer of said sheet-like adhesive material having its adhesiveness developed; and a safety laminate produced by aforesaid process.

Abstract: Contrast enhancement filter having first and second transparent glass substrates with first and second surfaces with the first surface of each facing the medium in which the filter is disposed. A sheet-like circular polarizer is provided formed of stretched plastic members covered by layers of cellulose acetate butyrate. The circular polarizer is disposed between the first and second glass substrates and faces the second surfaces of the glass substrates. A dried plastisol primer layer is disposed on the surface of the layers of cellulose acetate butyrate facing the glass substrates. First and second layers of polyvinyl butyral adhesive secure the layers of cellulose acetate butyrate carried by the circular polarizer with the primer layers thereon to the second surfaces of the glass substrates. An anti-reflection coating is disposed on the first surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: This invention relates to the lamination of large glass sheets using plasticized interlayer material without the use of autoclaves. Excess liquid plasticizer is applied to the major surfaces of a sheet of plasticized interlayer material to soak the major surfaces at room temperature for sufficient soaking time to soften the surfaces so that the interlayer becomes more amenable to adhesion to glass sheets, but insufficient time to normalize the plasticizer content throughout the thickness of the plasticized sheet. The interlayer sheet is assembled between a pair of glass sheets and the excess plasticizer is removed by compressing the assembly before the soaking time is excessive and the plasticizer concentration can normalize throughout the thickness of the plasticized interlayer sheet.

Abstract: A laminated safety glass comprising at least two glass plates and an interlayer, said interlayer comprising a crosslinked product of a hydration reaction product of an ethylene copolymer comprising (1) 60 to 95% by weight of ethylene, (2) 5 to 40% by weight of glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate, (3) 0 to 20% by weight of one or more comonomer selected from the group consisting of a vinyl ester having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and an ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid with an alcohol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, said hydration reaction product having a hydration rate of epoxy group of preferably 5 to 80% by mole, more preferably 30 to 70% by mole.

Abstract: An improvement in a method for manufacturing a composite safety glass wherein one or more silicate glass panes is bonded to a plasticized synthetic resin film at an elevated temperature, the improvement residing in employing as the plasticized synthetic resin film a soft film of a polymer of ethylene and/or propylene and effecting the bonding under pressure at a temperature of at least 120.degree. C. and up to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to making continuous ribbons of clear, flexible interlayer material into a maximum number of interlayers having a coating of graded intensity along a longitudinal edge portion thereof for use in curved laminated safety glass windshields. The method avoids rubbing or differentially stretching the flexible interlayer material during processing, which includes cutting a continuous ribbon of clear, flexible interlayer material into successive interfitting flexible sheets of trapezoidal shape, applying a shade band, preferably by electrostatic spraying, to a predetermined portion of each sheet and laminating the sheet so treated to one or more rigid transparent sheets of glass or a recognized plastic substitute for glass.

Abstract: An interlayer material is scanned prior to laminating same with glass sheets to generate a thickness variation signal, a wedge angle signal and an optical power signal. The signals are then selectively filtered to determine the thickness variation, wedge angle and optical power of the interlayer after lamination.

Abstract: Fabricating a panel comprising a rigid mounting frame surrounding a laminated transparency having a metal reinforcing insert embedded therein in such a manner that the insert is parallel to the outer major surface of the transparency after its fabrication.

Abstract: A laminated safety glass comprising a layer of a silicate glass, to which is bonded a layer of a plasticized plastic sheet containing polyvinyl chloride, said laminate containing therein an organofunctional silane and a process for preparing such laminated safety glass by unilateral or bilateral bonding of one or more silicate glass sheets with a plasticized polyvinyl chloride plastic film at an elevated temperature wherein the bonding is effected with the aid of a silicon-organo-functional silane and the bonding is effected at 120.degree.-200.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fire-screening glazing panel comprising at least one layer of intumescent material 15 sandwiched between two structural plies 13, 14 of the panel comprises forming the layer and securing the plies together.In order to avoid or reduce problems associated with drying the layer 15, an assembly is made in which the structural plies 13, 14 sandwich a layer 15 of intumescent material which is constituted by one or more materials of which at least the greater part by volume is in granular form.In a second aspect, in order to facilitate degassing of the intumescent layer, such layer 15 contains intumescent material of which at least part is in the form of grains, and the intumescent material is subjected to suction at the edges of the assembly (e.g. using a vacuum pump 10 connected to an edge sealing tube 12) in a degassing step and the assembly is subjected to heat (e.g. by heaters 7,8) and/or pressure conditions (e.g.

Abstract: An improved process for making a multiple pane fire resistant window whose spacings are filled with an aqueous gel possessing multiple carbon bonds, wherein the improvement comprises placing a thin layer of an adherence agent on the contact surface of the panes, prior to placing the aqueous gel in the spacing. The adherence gel is selected from the group consisting essentially of organic titanates, organic zirconates, and silanes able to react with the aqueous gel's multiple carbon bonds.

Abstract: The method of fabrication of a laminate formed by at least two transparent sheets consists in forming a stack of sheets after coating the sheet interfaces with a polymerizable adhesive, in subjecting the stack to an overpressure below or equal to 2 bar, in maintaining at the same time a temperature T below the maximum temperature of stability of the adhesive for a sufficient period of time to obtain prepolymerization of the adhesive, then in maintaining the stack temperature below or equal to the temperature T for a period of less than sixteen hours.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reinforced glass laminate, comprising a non-hydrophilic synthetic resin, at least one surface of which has been rendered hydrophilic by bonding thereon a layer of a hydrophilic material, a layer of hydrophilic synthetic resin being bonded to said layer of hydrophilic material and a layer of glass being bonded to said layer of hydrophilic synthetic resin.The present invention also provides a process for producing a reinforced glass laminate, wherein a non-hydrophilic synthetic resin is coated with a solution capable of forming a layer of a hydrophilic material thereon, the solvent medium is then removed, a hydrophilic synthetic resin is placed on the layer of hydrophilic material and glass is then placed on the hydrophilic synthetic resin, whereafter bonding together of the layers is achieved either by applying an increased pressure at an elevated temperature or by heating under reduced pressure.

Abstract: A composite film structure which is useful as a non-brittle, impact-resistant, exceptionally durable, window pane in greenhouses and similar structures, or as storm windows, solar collector covers, etc., comprises an oriented polycarbonate support film laminated to a weather-resistant oriented film of polymethylmethacrylate.

Abstract: A transparent, elastomeric polyurethane useful as an interlayer in safety glass laminates is prepared by the reaction of an aromatic diisocyanate with a mixture of a polyalkylene ether glycol, a polycaprolactone triol, and a monomeric aliphatic diol.

Abstract: A glass-polycarbonate resin laminate wherein a glass layer is bonded to a polycarbonate resin layer by means of a bonding system comprised of (i) a first adhesion promoting primer layer disposed on said glass layer and containing the reaction product of water, an alkanol, an aminoalkyl polyalkoxysilane and an alkyl carbonate; (ii) a second adhesion promoting primer layer disposed on said first primer layer containing an organopolysiloxane-polycarbonate block copolymer and an epoxy resin; and (iii) an organopolysiloxane-polycarbonate copolymer bonding layer disposed between said second primer layer and the polycarbonate resin layer.

Abstract: A glass-plastic composite lens combining a glass element with a high-shrinkage thermosetting plastic is provided in accordance with a direct casting process comprising a consolidation heating step, subsequent to plastic curing and shrinkage, during which a thermoplastic coating between the glass element and the cured plastic bonds the assembly into a unitary low-stress composite.

Abstract: Plasticized polyvinyl butyral resins having improved impact resistance in glass laminates through the incorporation of metal salts of neo decanoic acid.

Abstract: Laminated glass structures are prepared by bonding together at least two glass sheets with an ethylene polymer containing substituent carboxylic groups and, optionally, amide and/or ester groups.

Abstract: Plasticized polyvinyl butyral resins having improved impact resistance in glass laminates through the incorporation of metal salts of neo decanoic acid.

Abstract: A preformed or prefabricated hot melt sealant strip of essentially any desired length and with any desired cross-sectional configuration is formed by hot extrusion, cooled, and coiled or spooled and may be subsequently used, for example, as a sealing means in the assembly of multiglazed windows, to seal and set automobile windshields and the like. The preferred cross-section is U-shaped if the sealant strip is to be utilized for multiglazed windows but the strip may have a T, E, L shape, or the like, depending on the intended end use. Any hot melt adhesive or sealant composition is suitable as long as it is not too tacky in the cooled state. Some tackiness is acceptable but it requires the use of an abherent or release liner if the strip is to be packaged in such a manner that it is in contact with itself. The sealant strip may then be placed about a dessicant filled spacer element and located between two panes of glass. The sealant may then be activated by subjection to thermal energy to seal the unit.