Abstract: Compound threads (1) and the fabrics obtained therefrom are very inexpensive, of acceptable quality and preferably useable to make recyclable disposable garments. The threads (1) include a thin carrier thread (2) to which a web mass (3), coming from the carding of the fiber used, is adhered, preferably by use of a water-soluble glue or electrostatic means. The compound thread (1) has the possibility of making use, upon making the web (3), of the shortest fibrils that are usually disposed of. One of the fabrics obtained consists of a band or strip of web (3) that includes several carrier threads (2) placed parallel to each other and that can be cut to obtain compound threads (1.) Another fabric consists of weft thread and crossed warp thread of which all or some, depending on the different combinations, are compound threads (1.

Abstract: An absorbent material and method for making same comprising a fiber web, including a fiber blend comprising from about 50 to about 75 weight percent of a fiber having fineness less than about 3 denier and from about 25 to about 50 weight percent of a fiber having fineness ranging from about 3 to about 5 denier wherein the fiber web is bound together by fiber bundles transverse to the plane of the web. The fiber blend may further comprise from about 3 to about 7 percent by weight of a fiber having fineness greater than about 5 denier. The fibers comprising the fiber blend may be entirely hydrophobic, or the about 3 to about 5 denier fiber may be hydrophilic. The absorbent material exhibits a high degree of absorption and fluid retention and does not wet back even under compression. The transverse fiber bundles formed during the mechanical bonding of the web function as wicks for transferring fluid from the surface of the material to the inner portion of the material.

Abstract: An improved stitchbonded nonwoven fabric having repeating patterns of stitches in a fibrous layer is prepared with a stitching thread that consists essentially of fiber of partially molecularly oriented synthetic organic polymer. The fabric can be stretched, shrunken, and/or heat set and is particularly suited for thermoforming operations.

Abstract: A gas discharge display unit having a partition wall structure which is useful for forming discharge cells suitable for the color image display with high precision is provided. A plurality of cathode electrodes are formed on a front panel. A plurality of anode buses, anode electrodes, auxiliary electrodes and resistors are formed on a back plate. A layer insulating film is formed on the back plate where the anode buses, the anode electrodes and the resistors are provided except for a display electrode portion. A display electrode is formed on the upper face of the anode electrode. Then, a three-layered insulating layer having differing quantities of a resin binder is formed on the layer insulating film. Unnecessary portions are removed by a sand blasting step to form partition walls comprised of partition layers. A phosphor is applied onto the layer insulating film in a discharge cell except for the display electrode portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of making a multi-layered absorbent composite web. The web comprises at least a primary material and a secondary material. The primary material comprises apertures wherein fibers from the secondary material are inserted for fluid capture and transport. The secondary material may form a layer on the primary material once the apertures of the primary material are filled. That is, the secondary material may form a layer of material placed adjacent to the bottom surface of the primary material.

Abstract: A fibrous product is produced by providing a collection of fibrous material, and encapsulating the fibrous material by covering the fibrous material with a film to form an encapsulated blanket of the fibrous material. The encapsulated blanket is then needled to cause entanglement of the fibrous material, thereby producing a needled, encapsulated fibrous product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filter for brewed beverages, especially a coffee filter, and a process for producing such a filter, in which a fibrous material has pores with an average pore width (d) of at least about 0.1 mm measured at a fiber density of about 50% of the original fiber density of the material. The average pore width (d) is preferably in a range from 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm approximately and more preferably in a range from 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm approximately. The material is preferably paper. The pores are also preferably made by piercing with needles or by subjecting the fibrous material to water jets, providing an irregular pore edge.

Abstract: A needled mat adapted to reinforce a thermoplastic matrix material includes (a) a primary layer having a plurality of thermoplastic fibers in an amount greater than about 20 weight percent of the primary layer on a total solids basis, the primary layer being less than about 20 weight percent of the mat on a total solids basis; and (b) a secondary layer having a plurality of discontinuous glass fiber strands and having thereon a strand coating composition which is compatible with the thermoplastic matrix material, the secondary layer being essentially free of individual glass monofilaments.

Abstract: A composite substrate for a waterproofing structure, which comprises a fiber mat and a closed cell foam sheet which are integrated by needling.

Abstract: A felt, especially for the press part of a papermaking machine, comprises at least one support belt and at least one fiber belt deposited on and affixed to it. In order to impart to such a felt improved operational properties while retaining adequate transverse stability and in order to manufacture it at substantially lower cost, the support belt(s) 45, 50, 57, 58, 64, 71, 72 each are composed of at least one support-belt strip 46, 51, 52, 59, 60, 65, 66, 73, 74, 75 with a width less than that of the support belt(s) 45, 50, 57, 58, 64, 71, 72 , said strip(s) being continuously wound essentially in the direction of advance of the felt 42, 47, 53, 61, 67 and also spirally transverse to it.

Abstract: A rigid three-dimensionally shaped fiber network structure having improved post-yield dimensional recovery is composed of a deformed textile fabric network structure containing: (A) at least one oriented, semi-crystalline monofilament yarn containing a thermoplastic polymer and disposed in the deformed fabric so as to provide a plurality of monofilament cross-over points therein; and (B) a cured crosslinkable resin impregnating the deformed network structure so as to effect bonding of all or substantially all of the monofilament cross-over points.

Abstract: This invention relates to a manufacturing process of synthetic yarn and the produced yarn which has superior texture and brightness, and excellent color developing, hygroscopicity, and anti-static properties. A plurality of monofilaments is drawn out at an appropriate speed, dried and heated. Then a property enhancing agent containing a metallic salt, alcohol, optional solvent and optional additional functional agent, such as a hygroscopic agent, ultraviolet protecting agent, or resist agent, etc. is applied onto the surface of the filaments which are melted and flame bonded to each other. Multi-filaments are formed with spaces therebetween in which the functional agent remains inserted. The new synthetic yarn is produced after the multi-filaments are subjected to washing, drying and take-up procedures.

Abstract: A stitch-bonded fabric suitable for use as an airbag.

Abstract: A lining material of a woven, knitted or non-woven substrate. The fibers of the substrate are coated with a gripping agent. The coated fibers grip a second structure to eliminate or diminish relative motion between the second structure and the substrate including the coated fibers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a protective material comprising a base layer comprising cut resistant yarn, an intermediate layer comprising natural fiber and an outer layer comprising a flexible, elastomeric material impervious to liquid. The intermediate layer is bonded to the elastomeric material, while the cut resistant yarn in the base layer remains substantially free of encapsulation by the elastomeric material. The intermediate layer is joined to said base layer at one or more locations, preferably by selective strike through of limited amounts of the elastomeric material to encapsulate yarn in the base layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a laminated article such as a door trim board capable of maintaining a bonding effect for a long period of time by integrally forming a base member and a skin member without forming the skin member in the shape of a sheet and without using an adhesive, and a manufacturing method of the laminated article by which reduction in the quantity of materials to be used and simplification of manufacturing steps are achieved. A porous base member (11) molded in the shape of a door trim board and a molten resin (12melt) supplied on the surface of the porous base member are pressed between a pair of molds (31, 32) so that the molten resin (12melt) is impregnated into the porous base member at least at the front surface thereof and hardened to form a skin member (12) on the porous base member (11). In the door trim board thus obtained, the resin forming the skin member (12) and the porous base member (11) are integrated by an anchor effect of resin with a reliable strength thereof retained.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite fiber sheet comprising: forming the first pile layer on the surface of the first fiber sheet by needling; laminating the second fiber sheet on the back-side of the first fiber sheet; and forming the second pile layer on the surface of the first fiber sheet by needling. The composite fiber sheet so obtained has an excellent feeling, an attractive appearance and a variety functionality.

Abstract: A method for forming a carbon composite valve for internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an adhesive tape includes step (1): weaving polyester to be a sheet of fabric which has a first side and a second side, step (2): spreading adhesive glue on the first side of the sheet of fabric, step (3): spreading silicone on the second side of the sheet of fabric, step (4): warming the first side and the second side of the sheet of fabric, step (5): spreading adhesive glue on the first side of the sheet of fabric again, step (6): warming the first side and the second side of the sheet of fabric, step (7): cutting the sheet of fabric in step (6) into desired width and step (8): wrapping the sheet of fabric in step (7) around an object such as a tube.

Abstract: A geosynthetic clay liner with a low permeability or controlled permeability intermediate sheet is provided. The liner includes two outer sheets with two layers of bentonite and an intermediate sheet disposed therebetween. The intermediate sheet may be rippled or deformed to enhance the structural stability of the liner. The intermediate sheet may be chosen from a material with low or ultra-low permeability characteristics or may be chosen from a material with controlled or directional permeability characteristics.

Abstract: An acoustic liner jet engine inlet barrel is formed from a perforated permeable skin, a honeycomb core, and a solid facesheet, each of which is formed in a one-piece configuration such that at most only a narrow single fore-to-aft splice, or no spice at all, is present in the finished product. The acoustic modal content remains unaffected, thus preserving a high degree of liner effectiveness, increasing the total active acoustic area of the barrel while decreasing its weight, and increasing its durability.

Abstract: A woven fabric is formed from polypropylene fibers by simply weaving the fabric using polypropylene fibers in both the warp and weft directions. The edges are left frayed and could become unraveled. In order to prevent the fabric from fraying further, particularly during washing, binding fibers are incorporated at least in the weft direction, but only along the edges. The binding fibers are polyester fibers coated with a low-melting-point thermoplastic adhesive. The thermoplastic adhesive is one that melts at a temperature lower than the melting point of the polypropylene fibers. Once these are incorporated into the fabric at the loom, the fabric is placed in an oven and heated to a temperature above the melting point of the thermoplastic adhesive and below the melting point of the polypropylene fibers to cause the thermoplastic adhesive to melt, binding the polypropylene fibers together.

Abstract: Process and machine for the manufacture of a composite material reinforced with a three-dimensional continuous fiber structure. A fiber bundle is positioned in direction Z. A plate fitted with fiber guides holds the fibers apart. Fiber layers arranged alternately according to directions X and Y are formed between the fibers of the bundle. The fiber layers fabrics are carried by combs (40a to 40d) which are displaced in the Z direction and pivoted in order to bring the spacing between the fibers of a same fabric to layer p(X) and q(Y) corresponding to the desired structure. The fibers undergo impregnation during displacement of the combs.

Abstract: The biodegradable mesh and film stent for use in blood vessels is formed of a sheet of a composite mesh material formed of biodegradable high strength polymer fibers bonded together with a second biodegradable adhesive polymer, and laminated on at least one side with a thin film of a third biodegradable polymer. The biodegradable mesh and film material is formed as a sheet and cut in a shape that can be used as a stent, such as a "belt-buckle" type shape, the ends of which can be joined in a contractible, expandable loop. In the method of making the biodegradable composite mesh and film stent, the composite mesh is preferably formed from a weave formed of high strength biodegradable polymeric fibers, and a plurality of low temperature melting biodegradable polymeric fibers. In an alternate embodiment, the high strength fibers are commingled with the low temperature melting fibers. In another alternate embodiment, the high strength fibers are coated with the low temperature melting polymer.

Abstract: A method of producing a fiber is provided where a liquefied polymer is divided into at least two streams. The streams are directed separately to a point of recombination, and extruded through, for example, a spinneret, and fiberized to form a single fiber having portions of each stream. The divided polymer streams are treated substantially identically from the point of division to the point of recombination.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a reinforcement in the form of a sheet for a composite component, the reinforcement including superposed plies of thread. In accordance with the method, straight portions of thread are arranged, for each ply, at least substantially in a parallel fashion with respect to each other and all the superposed plies are consolidated by using a thread passing through the plies. According to the invention, the superposed plies are laid down on a support, the superposed plies are compacted by mechanical pressure, and in order to preserve the state of compaction of the plies which is thus obtained, the thread for consolidating the plies is stitched, without knotting, through the plies down to at least the level of the surface of the support, the plies having, after compaction, a density of the portions of the thread constituting them which is sufficient to retain the consolidating thread by friction.

Abstract: A glass mat reinforced thermoplastic semi-finished sheet material comprising thermoplastic resin and at least two needled continuous and/or chopped glass fibre strand mats is disclosed as well as a method for its manufacturing and its use. Each of said glass mats is needled from the two sides in an asymmetrical way, so that the number of fibre ends protruding from the two major mat surfaces are practically the same, but the length of said fibre ends protruding from the first major surface is substantially longer than the length of the fibre ends protruding from the second opposite major surface. Said glass mats are impregnated with thermoplastic resin, having either their first major surfaces directed towards the outside surface of said thermoplastic sheet, for maximum mouldability, or having their second major surfaces directed towards the outside surface of said thermoplastic sheet, for maximum surface quality of the moulded part.

Abstract: A laminated assembly forming the female, loop portion of a self-gripping hook-and-loop fastener. The assembly includes a light-weight, open, mechanically fragile and dimensionally unstable knitted fabric adhered in a flat condition onto a support member, the knitted fabric including interknitted warp and weft yarns, and a multitude of loops having feet cooperating with the warp and weft yarns and a pair of elongate legs extending from the feet and forming a free loop top remote from the feet. The loops are sized in relation to the spacing of the warp and weft yarns of the fabric so that at least one of the two legs of the loop intersects at least one of the warp or weft yarns in spaced-apart relation from the foot of the at least one leg so that each of the loops bears on at least one warp or weft yarn to form an overlapping zone where the loop does not adhere to the support member, thus maintaining the self-gripping ability of the loops.

Abstract: An insole for shoes is a three-dimensionally shaped laminate composed of two adhesive-free formed fabrics, the formed fabric on the foot side being thin and abrasion-resistant, and the thicker formed fabric forming the base material of the insole consisting of staple fibers, having a composition of 50-60% by weight of core/sheath-polyester/copolyester fibers with a melting range of the core component of 255.degree.-260.degree. C. and of the sheath component of 110.degree.-140.degree. C., 5-15% by weight of high-shrinkage polyester fibers, and 25-40% by weight of absorbent fibers. The base material has a mass per unit area of 800-1200 g/m.sup.2 with a thickness of 0.70-0.85 cm.

Abstract: A composite flange providing the low cost and bonding capability of molded flanges with the torque capacity near that of metal flanges. Multiple layers of braided fiberglass enveloping a fiberglass ring are placed into a mold of the desired shape. After the mold is closed, liquid resin is injected and the flange is cured to the desired state. After demolding, the flange is machined as necessary for installation onto the drive shaft.

Abstract: A dust-control mat having excellent dimensional stability during the processing, good pile-erecting property and excellent pattern expression, and a method of producing the same. The dust-control mat having excellent dimensional stability comprises a base in which a base fabric is composed of a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric and a floss-like nonwoven fiber layer coupled to the base, wherein the floss-like nonwoven fiber layer contains low-melting fibers and is thermally fixed after pile yarns are implanted thereon. The invention further provides a method of producing the dust-control mat.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a papermaker's fabric by spirally winding a woven fabric strip, narrower than the intended width of the fabric, and the papermaker's fabric manufactured in accordance with the method, are disclosed. The fabric strip includes lengthwise and crosswise yarns, and has a lateral fringe along at least one lateral edge thereof, the lateral fringe being unbound ends of the crosswise yarns extending beyond the lateral edge. During the spiral winding of the fringed strip, the lateral fringe of a turn overlies or underlies an adjacent turn of the strip. The lateral edges of adjacent turns abut against one another. The spirally continuous seam so obtained is closed by ultrasonically welding or bonding the overlying or underlying lateral fringe to the fabric strip in an adjacent turn.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the fabrication of thick, three-dimensional structures comprising discontinuous thermoset pitch fiber, and to composites comprising such structures embedded in a matrix material such as a thermoset resin, ceramic, metal or carbon. Carbon-carbon fiber composite articles produced from porous carbon preforms obtained by carbonizing such structures followed by infiltration with pyrolytic carbon using CVD processes exhibit surprisingly high through-thickness thermal conductivity and isotropic properties.

Abstract: A method for fabricating composite structures at a low-cost, moderate-to-high production rate. A first embodiment of the method includes employing a continuous press forming fabrication process. A second embodiment of the method includes employing a pultrusion process for obtaining composite structures. The methods include coating yarns with matrix material, weaving the yarn into fabric to produce a continuous fabric supply and feeding multiple layers of net-shaped fabrics having optimally oriented fibers into a debulking tool to form an undebulked preform. The continuous press forming fabrication process includes partially debulking the preform, cutting the partially debulked preform and debulking the partially debulked preform to form a net-shape. An electron-beam or similar technique then cures the structure. The pultrusion fabric process includes feeding the undebulked preform into a heated die and gradually debulking the undebulked preform.

Abstract: Self-reinforced composites of amorphous thermoplastic materials such as poly(methylmethacrylate), polycarbonate and polysulfone are made by melt-extruding and simultaneously drawing and cooling the material to produce fibers with longitudinally-oriented molecular chains, then arranging the fibers in a preform, such as a mat, rod, plate or other useful shape, in which adjacent fibers are in contact with each other, and thereafter heating the preform with fiber constraint to a temperature above the glass transition temperature and below the degradation temperature of the thermoplastic, and applying pressure, to soften and fuse together the outer surfaces of the fibers without completely eliminating the longitudinal orientation of the molecules within the fibers. Where the amorphous thermoplastic is poly(methylmethacrylate), the preform may be wrapped about the bone-implantable element of a joint prosthesis to provide a high-strength integrated mantle of connected, contracted, and oriented fibers.

Abstract: A fiberglass mesh process includes coating fiberglass yarn, conveying the coated yarn to a loom without first beaming the yarn, weaving a mesh fabric of said yarn, conveying the mesh fabric to an in-line fabric treating station from said loom, tentering the fabric, slitting the fabric and rolling the fabric. The tentering step includes conveying the fabric through a nip of heated, counter-rotating rollers or heated bars oscillating across the moving fabric.

Abstract: Method to produce a nonwoven needled fabric in which the needled fabric includes 15-30% of low melt nylon 6 and nylon 12 fusible fibers to aid in holding the nonwoven fabric together when passed through an oven to melt the fusible fibers and then allow them to cool and bind the fabric together.

Abstract: An improved composite fiber of fiberglass and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is provided. The composite fiber comprises a coherent strand of commingled filaments of fiberglass and PTFE which is far more resistant to flex, abrasion, and chemical attack than previous fiberglass fibers. Preferably filaments of expanded PTFE tow yarn and filaments of PTFE are combined through a process of air-jet texturing. The fibers of the present invention have a wide range of possible uses, including being formed into a fabric and employed as filter media.

Abstract: A personal cleansing implement comprises a substantially rectangular hydrophobic batt. The batt is a piece of knitted tubing made from extruded linear low density polyethylene monofilaments knitted into a tube on a knitting machine having a setting ranging from 32 to 64 needles per machine diameter. The monofilaments have substantially circular cross-sections in the range of 0.003 inches to 0.015 inches diameter. The piece of knitted tubing also has a longitudinal axis with about 6 to about 9 stitches per inch, as typically measured along its longitudinal axis. Furthermore, the piece of knitted tubing is inverted upon itself at least once along its longitudinal axis to form a plurality of concentric layers of tubing, which are then substantially flattened to form the batt. Each of the layers has a similar length and substantially overlaps the other layers. The batt has a top surface, a bottom surface, and two open ends.

Abstract: A tufted carpet is described in which the tufting yarns (2) are tufted into a tufting backing (1) and firmly joined to it. The back side (1a) of the tufted carpet (1) has a layer (5) comprising pieces of thermoplastic plastic sheet material joined together under the influence of pressure and temperature. Back ends (2a) of the tufting yarns (2) are firmly bound into the layer (5).

Abstract: A hook fastener portion for use in a hook and loop fastener that has a woven backing with portions of pile monofilaments projecting from its front surface providing hooks adapted for making releasable engagement with loops of the fastener. Only a layer of thermoplastic material along a rear surface of the backing and the mechanical engagement of the portions of the pile monofilaments woven into the backing anchor the monofilaments in the backing, and that layer of thermoplastic material can be a hot melt adhesive used to adhere the hook fastener portion to a substrate.

Abstract: A recyclable thermoplastic tufted fabric made of a partially meltable primary backing and tufts tufted into the primary backing. The tufts are bonded to the backing by partially melting the backing to bond the tufts and applying a secondary backing. Such a carpet can be recycled through processes known to recycle polyester.

Abstract: The described process for making a continuous composite material structure (50) starts from a continuous semifinished product (1) made of a reinforcing fiber comprising an upper layer (4) and a lower layer (5) facing each other and mutually connected by intermediate threads (6). It comprises the steps of moving the continuous semifinished product (1) along a working path; impregnating the semifinished product (1) with a resin; coupling a lower surface of the continuous semifinished product (1) with a first ribbon (23); moving one of said layers (4, 5) apart from the opposite layer for bringing the intermediate threads (6) from a first condition in which they are disposed substantially parallel to the two external layers (4, 5) to a second condition in which they are disposed transversally of the external layers; and polymerizing the impregnated semifinished product (1) to make the continuous structure (50).

Abstract: A multi-filament yarn is subjected to soft twist of 4 to 9 twistings in every 10 cm in a single direction thereby forming a warp yarn. Weft yarns are passed, at a density of 1 to 3 yarns in every 5 cm, crosswise over and under a plurality of the warp yarns parallel-arranged in a set width, thereby forming a cord fabric. The cord fabric is subjected to adhesion treatment with an adhesive so that an adhesive content per unit area thereof reaches 2 to 5%, is subjected to heat treatment so that the warp yarns reaches 1 to 4% in heat shrinkage percentage and is then cut at set lengths thereby obtaining short fibers.

Abstract: A multi-vane structure for incorporation in an aircraft gas turbine engine has vanes of complex geometry made of braided fibers which are continuous about the cavities defined by the vanes. These complex geometry parts are prepared by providing a plurality of removable mandrels, stacking the mandrels along a horizontal axis in a cavity end to cavity end configuration, braiding about the mandrels, cutting the mandrels adjacent the cavity end faces, side stacking the mandrels so the faces are placed in a parallel orientation and molding. Utilizing braided fibers instead of hand lay-up woven fibers eliminates seams and produces cavities having continuous fibers about the periphery thereof which substantially increases the strength and dimensional reproducibly of the part.

Abstract: An alarm trigger is a component part of an anti-theft security system which also comprises a detector. The alarm trigger is integrated into a support and is fastened to merchandise, preferably articles of clothing, by means of this support. In order that the alarm trigger may remain inconspicuous and so as not to impair visual appraisal of the merchandise outfitted with this alarm trigger, a process is proposed in which a continuous textile web is produced from thread material. This textile web has successive web pieces comprising textile functional strips specific to the merchandise, e.g., a woven label. Every web piece is constructed, at least partially, in two layers so as to form a cavity, this cavity being produced by portions in at least two partial steps. In the first partial step, only an initial portion of the web piece is produced at first. This initial portion has a pocket which is still open in the double-layer region.

Abstract: A method to prevent fiber distortion in textile materials employed in a modified weaving process. In a first embodiment, a tacifier in powder form is applied to the yarn and melted while on the fabric. Cool air is then supplied after the tacifier has melted to expedite the solidification of the tacifier. In a second embodiment, a solution form of a tacifier is used by dissolving the tacifier into a solvent that has a high evaporation rate. The solution is then sprayed onto the fabric or fill yarn as each fill yarn is inserted into a shed of the fabric. A third embodiment applies the tacifier in a liquid form that has not been dissolved in a solvent. That is, the tacifier is melted and is sprayed as a liquid onto the fabric or fill yarn as it is being extracted from a fill yarn spool prior to the fill yarn being inserted into the shed of the fabric. A fourth embodiment employs adhesive yarns contained as an integral part of the warp or fill yarn.

Abstract: A process for the production of a two-layer textile reinforcement for the production of bituminous sealing sheets for roofing consists first, from a first layer based on nonwoven cloth, in consolidating this nonwoven cloth by mechanical or hydraulic bonding and in thermostabilizing it. This first consolidated and thermostabilized layer is then assembled with a second mineral fiber layer, either by counter-gluing, or by needling, or by seam knitting. These two latter assembly methods are used only when the second mineral fiber layer is in the form of a grid or cloth of continuous or discontinuous mineral filaments. The first assembly method by counter-gluing is itself used no matter what the structure of the second mineral filament layer, whether it be in the form of a grid or a cloth of continuous or discontinuous mineral fibers or in the form of a scrim of mineral fibers.

Abstract: The invention provides a bi-material tubing formed of a composite member and a noncomposite member. The tubing has a locking portion where the composite member is secured to the noncomposite member by chemically bonding alone or in combination with mechanical joining techniques. A method of making the tubing is also provided.

Abstract: Fibrous substrates for the production of carbon and/or ceramic (including mixtures of these) fiber reinforced carbon and/or ceramic (including mixtures of these) matrix composites, particularly friction discs, and to methods of manufacture of same. Offcut waste fibrous sheet material may be recycled and reformed into a web useful in the manufacture of such composites.