Abstract: An imaging window of an imaging catheter includes a first imaging window section and a second imaging window section. The first imaging window section has a finite length and is formed from a first material having a flexural modulus. The second imaging window section has a finite length and is formed from a second material having a flexural modulus. The flexural modulus of the first material is different than the flexural modulus of the second material.

Abstract: An apparatus for melting and dispensing thermoplastic material is provided that includes an un-heated hopper having an inlet for receiving particles of a thermoplastic material and an outlet for discharging the particles and a heated manifold including at least one cavity formed therein and having an inlet and an outlet the inlet communicating with the outlet of the hopper for receipt of the particles from the hopper. The hopper is disposed external of the heated manifold. The heated manifold is effective for melting the particles into molten thermoplastic material therein. The apparatus further includes a pump having an inlet in fluid communication with the cavity. An outlet of the pump is in fluid communication with an inlet of a dispenser and an outlet of the dispenser is effective for dispensing the molten thermoplastic material therethrough.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for joining a first acoustic panel (2), having a cellular structure of the honeycomb type, with a second acoustic panel (2), wherein said method comprises the steps of: inserting at least one mandrel, (5, 8) having a shape adapted to the cells (3), into at least one cell (3) located in the vicinity of a junction edge (6) of the acoustic panel; passing a roller (12) on said junction edge of the acoustic panel; joining the junction edge of the acoustic panel together with a junction edge (6?) of the second panel and connecting the same by applying a linking means.

Abstract: A method and system for assembling large wind turbine blades that includes providing a plurality of wind turbine blade segments. An adhesive distribution arrangement is disposed on a surface of at least one of the plurality of the wind turbine blade segments. The adhesive distribution arrangement includes a bonding grid having a plurality of adhesive distribution openings. The wind turbine blade segments are directed together and sufficient adhesive is provided to the bonding grid to substantially fill an area between the wind turbine segments. The adhesive is then cured to form a bonded joint, the bonding grid being incorporated into the bonded joint. A bonding grid for use with the method and system and a segmented wind turbine blade are also disclosed.

Abstract: A continuous, non-metallic conduit for conductors, such as electrical wiring and/or fiber optic cable. The continuous conduit being formed from at least one pair of first and second conduits having enlarged ends coupled together. The enlarged ends are belled or otherwise have a diameter greater than that of the straight run (non-belled) portions of the conduit. The enlarged ends of the conduit being coupled together by fusion or welding, and an internal bead or ridge being formed by the coupling process. The enlarged ends are dimensioned such that the internal bead or ridge formed at the junction between the two enlarged ends does not project radially inward to a position equal to or less than the diameter of the straight run portion of the conduits. The continuous conduit is configured to allow the conductor to be passed therethrough such that the conductor does not contact the internal bead or ridge.

Abstract: An apparatus for connecting together two sections of tubing using a laser. A pair of fixtures hold the two tubing sections in opposed, end-to-end relation so that axially facing surfaces of the tube sections at the ends are free from exposure to a surrounding environment. A photodiode laser emits an electromagnetic beam at a separate sheet of material positioned between the axial surfaces at the ends of the tubing sections. The sheet absorbs energy of the electromagnetic beam. The pair of fixtures move the two tubing sections to bring the respective axially facing surfaces of the two tubing sections into engagement with the sheet and after the axially facing surfaces of the two sections are brought into engagement with the sheet, the electromagnetic beam is directed onto the sheet for welding the two sections of tubing together.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing plastic packaging in tubular form, which process comprises a wrapping step during which a laminate (11) is wrapped, an abutting step during which the edges (8, 9) of the laminate (11) are butted together and a fastening step during which said edges (8, 9) of the laminate (11) are welded together, characterized in that a bead (12) of plastic in the molten state is extruded and deposited on the internal face of the packaging so as to cover at least the weld zone (10) defined between the edges. The energy needed to produce the weld (10) comes from the plastic bead (12). The invention also relates to packaging obtained from the aforementioned process and to a device for implementing said process.

Abstract: A hollow filter tube is produced with a longitudinal seam and a fixed diameter. In the formation of the hollow tube glue is applied along a longitudinal side edge portion of an endless strip, and the strip is then formed into a tubular shape with an unglued longitudinal edge portion tucked directly under and against the glued side edge portion. The hollow tube is then heated to drive moisture from the glue and size and shape the hollow tube. Ultimately the formed hollow tube is cut into specific lengths.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for use in a fusion process for conduit. The method includes the steps of: removably positioning a first terminal edge of a first conduit portion with a first terminal edge of a second conduit portion; facing the terminal edges of the first conduit portion and the second conduit portion; aligning the terminal edges of the first conduit portion and the second conduit portion; melting at least a portion of the terminal edges of the first conduit portion and the second conduit portion; engaging the melted terminal edge of the first conduit portion with the melted terminal edge of the second conduit portion; maintaining pressure between the engaged terminal edges, thereby creating a fused joint area; and removing at least a portion of the resultant external bead extending around the fused joint area. A fusion apparatus for employing this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A bonded composite joint may include a base having a foot configured to couple to a member. The base may include a flange extending outward from the foot. The joint further may include a panel having a core positioned between opposing skins, where the skins have inner walls proximate the core and the skins extend outward beyond the core on at least one end of the panel to define a recess between the skins. The recess between the skins may receive the flange. A bonding agent may be used to couple the flange to the inner walls of the panel.

Abstract: Cutting elements for use with earth-boring tools include a cutting table having a base surface and a substrate having a support surface. An intermediate structure and an adhesion layer extend between the base surface of the cutting table and the support surface of the substrate. Earth-boring tools include such cutting elements. Methods for fabricating cutting elements for use with earth-boring tools include forming an intermediate structure on and extending from a support surface of a substrate and adhering a cutting table comprising a superabrasive material to the support surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A method for forming a lead body includes contacting a proximal section of the lead body having a lumen and a first lead body characteristic to a distal section of the lead body having a lumen and a second lead body characteristic. The proximal and distal sections are contacted such that their lumens are axially aligned. A lap band is disposed about a portion of the proximal section and a portion of the distal section, and is thermally formed to the proximal and distal sections. Axially compressive pressure is applied to the lap band as the lead body is being thermally formed. The pressure applied is sufficient to result in the lead body having an outer diameter in regions proximally and distally adjacent to the lap band that are substantially the same to an outer diameter in a region formed by the lap band.

Abstract: An implantable annuloplasty suture guide is intended to lie against at least a portion of an annulus surrounding a human heart. The implantable annuloplasty suture guide is made of an elongated ribbon of braided, heat setable material. The braided, heat-setable material is heat-set in a curved lengthwise configuration corresponding to at least a portion of the annulus of the human heart valve. A method of making an implantable annuloplasty suture guide configured to lie against at least a portion of an annulus defined by tissue surrounding a human heart. The method includes the steps of providing an elongate biocompatible ribbon comprising a braided, heat setable material. A fixture is provided, with the fixture comprising a heat conducting material defining an elongate cavity having a curved length-wise configuration corresponding to at least a portion of the annulus defined by the tissue surrounding the human heart.

Abstract: It is the object of the present invention a thermoplastic element for the protection against corrosion in the thermofused splicing of a thermoplastic tube to a thermoplastic connection, which element has the shape of a fully thermoplastic tubular sleeve, able to be introduced into a socket mouth formed by the expansion of the tube end, said splice element bearing only one internal diameter and two external diameters which define a cylindrical external portion of larger diameter and a tubular projection which diameter is smaller than the former, and which is introduced into the thermoplastic tube, a lateral wall of the external portion defining a front butt of said thermoplastic element against the end of the thermoplastic tube. Said splicing element also exhibits an auxiliary ring which operates as a reference point for the assembly thereof.

Abstract: A method of joining a pair of tubular ends (1, 2) comprises: providing the tubular ends with intermeshing tapered edges (3, 4); joining the tubular ends by inserting an adhesive between the tapered edges and pressing the tapered edges (3, 4) together; arranging an axial load carrier collar (5) around the joined tubular ends; inserting an adhesive between the inner surface of the collar (5) and the outer surfaces of the joined tubular ends (3, 4); and inducing the adhesive to bond the inner surface of the collar (5) to the outer surfaces of the joined tubular ends. The axial load carrier collar (5) may be equipped with a series of flexible reinforcement strips (8, 9), which carry a majority of axial loads exerted on the tubular joint, such that only a minimal axial load is exerted on the bonded tapered edges (3, 4).

Abstract: A method of bonding a capillary tube made of a thermally deformable material to a passage in a glass wafer comprising the steps of treating the surface of the capillary tube to render the surface bondable and wettable by a conventional epoxy resin; inserting a support inside the capillary to prevent inward deformation of the capillary during subsequent fabricating steps; inserting the supported capillary inside the port on the wafer; heating an end of the capillary proximate a bottom portion of the port to effect melting of a portion of the heated end of the capillaries; moving the melted end of the capillary into contact with a wall of the port at a desired location for the capillary in the port, thus forming a temporary seal between the capillary and the wall of the port; and introducing an epoxy around the capillary to bind the capillary to the wafer.

Abstract: An adhesive connecting member and an optical connecting structure using the member, in which connection loss can be reduced and handling is facilitated, are provided. The adhesive connecting member optically connects an optical transmission medium and another optical transmission medium or an optical part by being intervened therebetween, and the member has a strongly adhesive face contacting the optical transmission medium and a weakly adhesive face contacting the other optical transmission medium or optical part. In addition, by this adhesive connecting member, the optical transmission medium and the other transmission medium or optical part can be optically connected.

Abstract: Patches consisting of transparent or translucent shape memory material can be manufactured so as to affect repair of transparent or translucent parts that have been damaged. These patches can be used to cover cracks and holes or provide additional structural support for the damaged parts. The patches can vary greatly in size and properties depending on the desired application.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for welding two or more subcomponents together is described. The subcomponents may be welded to one another along seams, whereby sections of the seam that comprise similar materials are heated to a degree suitable for joining together those particular portions of the seam. Other sections of the seam may be heated to a different degree depending upon the material characteristics employed in that section of the seam. Embodiments of the apparatus include features for holding the subcomponents, simultaneously heating seams of each component, positioning the mating subcomponents together, and applying pressure between mating subcomponents to join them together.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stringed instrument capable of corresponding to a preference of a player of the stringed instrument, a purpose of performance, and so on as much as possible. A resonance box portion fabricated by an additive fabrication method and a neck portion protruding from the resonance box portion are included, and material constants at a desired area of the resonance box portion is made different from material constants at an adjacent area adjacent to the desired area step by step or continuously. Vibrational characteristics of the instrument are changed by the partial difference of the material constants, and thereby, the stringed instrument capable of corresponding to the preference of the player, the purpose of the performance, and so on is provided.

Abstract: A system that delivers window or door components to an assembly station where multiple components are assembled to form a multi-sided window or door frame or sash. A preparation station in proximity to the assembly station includes an alignment fixture for bringing multiple frame or sash components into alignment while a preceding frame or sash is being assembled at the assembly station. A conveyor moves aligned components of a next subsequent frame or sash to the assembly station while maintaining the alignment of said window components for clamping at the assembly station prior to assembly. One system is used to assemble vinyl door or window components by welding them together.

Abstract: A carpule and its method of manufacture, the carpule tubular body composed of a polypropylene or similar polymer, the tubular body being sealed at one end by a seal of a thermoplastic vulcanizate (TPV) or similar polymer, the seal having been injection molded in contact with the tubular body prior to full curing of the material composing the tubular body, such that a chemical fusion bond is created between the seal and the tubular body.

Abstract: A method of repairing a composite component having a damaged area including: laying a composite patch over the damaged area; activating the shape memory polymer resin to easily and quickly mold said patch to said damaged area; deactivating said shape memory polymer so that said composite patch retains the molded shape; and bonding said composite patch to said damaged part.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a polymeric inner liner for a storage tank, particularly a hydrogen storage tank, comprising: providing a cylindrical body of polymer material, having a first open end and a first peripheral connection tab at the first open end, the cylindrical body comprising a structural layer and a barrier layer; providing a dome-shaped end cap of polymer material having a base with a cross-section essentially corresponding to a cross-section of the first open end of the cylindrical body and having a second peripheral connection tab at a peripheral end portion of such end cap; placing the end cap with its base onto the first open end of the cylindrical body and with the first and second peripheral tabs in contact with each other; and welding both peripheral connection tabs together. A storage tank made using such liner. Use of such tank for storing hydrogen.

Abstract: A reuse method for utilising reject rolls being produced in paper and cardboard factories, wherein from the reject rolls (1) there are made straight roll cores (8) having the same size in their inner and external diameter and varying in length, the straight roll cores being defined by the width of each reject roll (2); the straight roll cores are joined end-to-end to form a long, continuous core tube (12), and the core tube is cut to size to form roll cores (14) of paper and cardboard industry.

Abstract: A method of producing hollow plastic components, such as for air conduction in internal combustion engines, in which two or more molded or hollow body members are manufactured using injection molding technology, are thereupon brought together and are joined together using plastic welding technology.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a barrier container having a barrier layer which constitutes the inner surface of the container by joining container parts, the method having step (1) of producing container parts from a thermoplastic resin, the container parts each having an inner surface, step (2) of applying a coating liquid containing a liquid medium and a polymer component (A) having hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups with a ratio of the number of the hydroxyl groups to the number of the carboxyl groups of from 30:70 to 95:5 to the inner surfaces of the container parts produced in step (1), thereby forming a film on the inner surfaces, step (3) of joining the container parts having the film to form a primary container, and step (4) of dry heating the primary container to obtain a dry heated container having a barrier layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a multi-layer outer panel for a game ball includes three-dimensionally forming a top layer of an outer panel, as well as one or more backing materials disposed underneath the top layer, into a shape substantially corresponding to the surface of the ball. Multi-layer outer panels are then attached to or interconnected to surround an inflatable bladder, thereby producing a game ball while minimizing overstretching of the outer material or the backing material and improving resistance of the outer panels to delamination.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for flat edge-to-edge assembly of two portions of textile parts by means of a gluing ribbon overlapping the two edges. According to this process, before the gluing ribbon is put into place, two borders adjacent to the edges are glued onto each other, so as to hold the edges close to each other. The two glued borders are shorn close to where the two edges are fixed together, and the gluing ribbon (28) is applied overlapping the two edges that are brought together. The shorn glued borders, are flattened when applying the gluing ribbon.

Abstract: A modular microfluidic system comprising a base substrate, a plurality of microfluidic assembly blocks, and an adhesive component is provided. Each individual microfluidic assembly block defines a channel and has a sidewall defining an aperture into the channel. When the plurality of microfluidic assembly blocks are arranged on the base substrate, the aperture into the channel of one microfluidic assembly block aligns with the aperture of another microfluidic assembly block with the channels thereof connected along a plane parallel to the base substrate thereby forming a channel network defined by the plurality of microfluidic assembly blocks. The subject invention also provides a method of assembling a microfluidic device. The method comprising the steps of providing the base substrate, providing the plurality of microfluidic assembly blocks, and arranging the plurality of microfluidic assembly blocks on the base substrate.

Abstract: A tube connecting apparatus that can carry out self reset operation without giving damage to the apparatus and that safety of an operator is considered. The tube connecting apparatus has an EEPROM memorizing information with respect to a connecting process state of tubes. When electric power is inputted, the apparatus judges whether power supply was shut off during tube connecting operation based upon the information memorized in the EEPROM with respect to the connecting process state of tubes and a detecting result of a wafer 41 according to a wafer position detecting sensor 421, and carries out reset operation. In the reset operation, the apparatus restarts and completes connecting operation (S620 to 632) by heating the wafer again to fuse the tubes adhered to the wafer (S614, 616). Error indication is displayed at a LCD display to secure connecting strength and the like (S634). A locking state is not cancelled during cooling time after heating of the wafer is stopped to secure safety (S628 to S632).

Abstract: A method is provided for inserting a plastic body into an opening of a sensor housing, whereby the opening has a lateral surface with an edge, in that a collar-shaped bead is formed at the edge and a shoulder-shaped ledge at the lateral surface for the placement of the plastic body, before the placement of the plastic body a strip-like seal is introduced onto the ledge, the plastic body is placed on the ledge of the lateral surface in such a way that a lateral surface of the plastic body is lined up with the lateral surface of the sensor housing in a butt-joint-like manner, a form-fitting, elastically supported connection is created by means of forming between at least one part of the lateral surface of the sensor housing and one part of the lateral surface of the plastic body, so that a substantially seamless and substantially smooth transition between the sensor housing and the plastic body is formed at the connection site on the top side of the sensor housing and of the plastic body.

Abstract: A process for the production of a hollow structural column or rod in polymers includes the steps of assembling two or more elongated modules, each one provided with male-female truncated cone-shaped terminal parts. The inner surface of the ‘female’ terminal part has a taper angle that is identical to the taper angle of the outer surface of the ‘male’ terminal part. The process also includes the following steps: aligning the hollow modules; preparing the male and female terminal parts for adhesive bonding and insertion in the terminal part of the adjacent, aligned module; applying, preferably at the ends, an axial compression device, so that on compression of the ends of the rod made up of the modules, each external male tapering surface adheres to and exerts a suitable pressure on the internal female tapering surface of the adjacent module; and curing the adhesive.

Abstract: A fusion welding device including a first holder and a second holder where the respective holders are adapted to hold an end portion of a first work and a second work, respectively, such that the works are moveable in a longitudinal direction; a heater, operable to heat the first and second works; two movers adapted to move the first and second holders close to or apart from each other; and a third mover adapted to move the first and second holders in synchronization with each other in a direction along the first and second faces. The first and second holders are moved by the third mover where the first and second faces are in contact with each other, whereby end faces of the end portions of the first and second works are pressed to each other.

Abstract: A method of making a sporting article includes: providing a plurality of sheet segments each of which is made of a multi-layered material that includes a thermoplastic foamed layer, and a thermoplastic non-foamed layer laminated on the foamed layer, each of the sheet segments having at least one connection end; and assembling the sheet segments to form the sporting article by heat-sealing the connection ends of the sheet segments, thereby forming heat-sealed seams in the sporting article.

Abstract: A method for joining together constructional parts which are made of a composite material and extend transversely to one another, such as a flange and a web of a profile, includes the steps of: placing the constructional parts in the desired position with respect to one another so as to form a connecting region in which one of the constructional parts abuts against or in proximity to the other constructional part, causing a thermoplastic material to flow out into the connecting region, fusing together the constructional parts under the influence of heat and pressure.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and design of a fusion welded pipe wherein the effects of an inner bead of the fusion weld are minimized. The internal shape of the pipe prior to welding may be configured in several different shapes so that the beads or lips produced by the fusion welding process are unobtrusive and do not interfere with the function of the pipe. In a likewise manner, the outer shape of the pipe prior to welding may be configured so that the lips are unobtrusive on the external surface of the pipe.

Abstract: An irrigation pipe splice is formed from two sub-assemblies, each sub-assembly including a sleeve mated to a pipe section. Each sleeve has an inner wall and an outer wall connected by a rim, the outer wall surrounding at least a portion of the inner wall and forming a gap therewith. In the pipe splice, the inner and outer walls sandwich a pipe wall within the gap.

Abstract: A container is formed from a flexible material web of weldable plastic. A reinforcing element is attached on the exterior of a wall of the container. The, said element being located on the exterior of the container. The container may be formed by drawing a flat material web of weldable plastic material over a core tube and welding a longitudinal seam for closing the flat material web to form a tube. Then a reinforcing element is welded on an exterior of the tube while employing the core tube as an internal cooperating support. The tube is divided and separated along transverse seams into cut-off containers to form the containers. A dispensing system for flowable products includes at least one closed container, as described, and a dispenser provided with a container receiving device for holding the container without closure. The container is formed with sliding guide and a displaceable closure, which is preferably opened when the container is placed on the receiving device, and a first coding element.

Abstract: A method of bonding a capillary tube made of a thermally deformable material to a passage in a glass wafer comprising the steps of treating the surface of the capillary tube to render the surface bondable and wettable by a conventional epoxy resin; inserting a support inside the capillary to prevent inward deformation of the capillary during subsequent fabricating steps; inserting the supported capillary inside the port on the wafer; heating an end of the capillary proximate a bottom portion of the port to effect melting of a portion of the heated end of the capillaries; moving the melted end of the capillary into contact with a wall of the port at a desired location for the capillary in the port, thus forming a temporary seal between the capillary and the wall of the port; and introducing an epoxy around the capillary to bind the capillary to the wafer.

Abstract: Multi-layer concrete forms are provided that can include outer layers having a scrim layer there between. The forms may include a form section having four edges, wherein at least two of the edges are configured to abut one another; and a flange section extending from at least one of the other four edges. Processes for constructing a concrete form are provided with the process including providing a substantially flat section of form to a construction site, with the section having four edges; substantially abutting at least two of the edges to create a tubular form; and heat sealing the edges.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a plastic container for liquids, the container is blow-molded to have a securing segment on an outer side of the recess of the front wall for centering and securing the finish-blowmolded container in a welding machine and to have a round depression in the outer side of the recess that has a diameter matching a nominal width of the dispensing valve. The bottom of the round depression is cut by a cutting tool that is centered in the round depression for producing the discharge opening of the container. A fastening flange of the intake socket of the dispensing valve is fused to an outer edge of the discharge opening. Alternatively, a dispensing socket of plastic material having an outer thread is fused to the outer edge of the discharge opening and the dispensing valve is secured on the dispensing socket by a union nut.

Abstract: A composite reinforced line pipe is manufactured by aligning first and second pipe segments each having a composite reinforcement wrapped circumferentially about a core, attaching the line pipes at a cut-back portion of their exposed core, wrapping a joint tape circumferentially about the cut-back portion, wrapping a resin reinforcement tape circumferentially about the joint tape, and curing the joint tape and resin reinforcement tape.

Abstract: A method is provided for routing electrical conductors through a vehicle body having first and second body panels with panel edges attached together. The method includes placing a bead of adhesive along the edge of the first body panel; placing the electrical conductor along the edge of the first body panel; placing an edge of a second body panel onto the bead of adhesive; and curing the adhesive so that the edges of the body panels are adhered together by an adhesive joint and the electrical conductor is embedded between the body panels within the adhesive joint.

Abstract: A method to join pipe is disclosed using a curable one or two part adhesive composition comprising an effective amount of a boron containing initiator compound such as an organoborate, a stabilized organoborane complex, or combinations thereof; one or more monomers, oligomers, polymers or mixtures thereof having olefinic unsaturation which is capable of polymerization by free radical polymerization; and optionally a decomplexing agent.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for welding two separate ends of an extrusion or two separate extrusion ends to form a flashless extrudate or gasket by having a first and a second mold for supporting and clamping the extrusion ends, and a spacer bar for positioning the extrusion ends to a location within the mold. A heating element elevates the temperature of the extrusion ends to a welding condition, and a clamping device is used for securing the extrusion ends. A flashless welding operation results by inserting and clamping at least one heated extrusion end into a welding mold until an acceptable contact pressure is obtained against the opposing heated extrusion end.

Abstract: A method of thermally joining plastic eavestrough allows plastic eavestrough systems to be considered in more applications including traditional aluminum eavestrough systems where long lengths of continuous eavestroughs are desired. The method allows end to end joining of plastic eavestrough with a thermal joint therebetween or an angled connection with a thermal joint therebetween. This allows plastic eavestrough systems to be customized on site for improved performance and appearance. Thermally joined plastic eavestrough sections either aligned in an end to end or angled connection are possible.

Abstract: A laser strikes and aseptically heats or sterilizes the end of two flexible tube ends for connection. Tube holders are pushed toward each other to bring the tube ends into contact. A weld detector checks the characteristics of the weld. A laser optics assembly may be used to change the direction of the laser and focus the laser at the tube ends. In addition, a crimping device is used to compress a single flexible tube for disconnection. The laser strikes the compressed area. The crimping device continues to pinch the area and forms a seal in the tube. The tube is separated into two tube segments, each segment has a sealed end.

Abstract: There is provided a method for producing a barrier container having a barrier layer which constitutes the inner surface of the container by joining container parts, the method having step (1) of producing container parts from a thermoplastic resin, the container parts each having an inner surface, step (2) of applying a coating liquid containing a liquid medium and a polymer component (A) having hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups with a ratio of the number of the hydroxyl groups to the number of the carboxyl groups of from 30:70 to 95:5 to the inner surfaces of the container parts produced in step (1), thereby forming a film on the inner surfaces, step (3) of joining the container parts having the film to form a primary container, and step (4) of dry heating the primary container to obtain a dry heated container having a barrier layer.

Abstract: A friction welding process providing a workpiece having a weld surface, and a second workpiece having a weld surface. The workpieces being welded together at respective weld surfaces. Oscillatory motion is affected to the workpieces such that one weld surface moves across the other, thereby raising the temperature at the weld surfaces to create a weld interface. The oscillatory motion is ceased and the weld surfaces cool to weld the workpieces together at the interface. The workpiece has an extending portion, and the weld surface is provided on the extending portion. The extending portion includes an apex region, which engages the second workpiece's weld surface. A side face extends from the apex region to provide a gap between the side face and the second workpiece's weld surface. The gap allows weld flash material to pass from the weld interface through said gap.