Abstract: A method for manufacturing a blade in composite material with added metal leading edge for gas turbine aeroengine, the method including producing a batch of plurality of blade bodies in composite material; creating a digital model of a blade body from a blade in the batch of plurality of blade bodies; creating a digital model of a theoretical final blade including a leading edge; generating a digital model of a leading edge from the digital model of a blade body and final blade model; manufacturing at least one leading edge via additive manufacturing from the generated leading edge digital model; bonding each manufactured leading edge onto a blade body from the batch of plurality of blade bodies.

Abstract: A coupling method for coupling a component of a container to the container is presented. The method includes: arranging a coupling unit including a coupling assembly with a frame, a gripping device for the component, a coupling device for constraining the component to the container; arranging the container and the component at least partially within the container, providing at least a minimum spacing between a bottom of the component and a base of the container; moving and activating the gripping device at a removal position of the component; moving the retaining element and the coupling element to a coupling position; deactivating the retaining element, thus deactivating a constraint between the gripping element and the component; and activating said coupling element to produce a stable coupling between the couplable portion of the component and the container, deactivating and moving the coupling element.

Abstract: A station for sealing thermoformed containers for a packaging line and a method for sealing the containers includes a sealing carousel which rotates continuously about a central axis and includes sealing heads which are radially spaced apart from said central axis. Each sealing head is adapted to receive at least one container to be sealed at a first, input, peripheral region, which is outside the sealing carousel; receive at least one closing seal at a second, input, peripheral region, which is outside the sealing carousel; and hold the closing seal and the container during the rotation of the sealing carousel and couple them together. The station further releases the container complete with the closing seal at a third, output, peripheral region, which is outside the sealing carousel and angularly spaced from the first and from the second region.

Abstract: A method of making a modular wind turbine blade is described. The modular blade comprises first and second blade modules connected together by a scarf joint between tapered spar caps of the respective blade modules. According to the method, first and second blade modules are laid up in the same mould assembly. A separating layer is arranged between the layups of the first and second module in a joint region of the mould. The separating layer has a thickness corresponding to a required bond thickness in the scarf joint when the modules are bonded together.

Abstract: A system and process for forming and sealing a filter in a capsule is provided. The system includes a filter forming station having a mandrel for forming a filter preform, a capsule holder for holding a body of a capsule for receiving the mandrel with the filter preform and a filter sealing station including a sealer for sealing the filter preform to the body at a desired location within the interior surface of the body. The mandrel is adapted to hold the filter preform at a desired position for placement and sealing within the body. The process includes forming a filter preform on a mandrel from a filter material, positioning a body of a capsule for receiving the mandrel with the filter preform, the mandrel being adapted to hold the filter preform, and sealing the filter preform at a desired location to an interior surface of the body.

Abstract: An automatic fluxing machine is provided and includes a dispensing section including a surface having through holes formed therein through which flux material is dispensable toward a braze joint and a plugging section disposed below the braze joint to prevent downward flow of dispensed flux material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flexible composite panel having a plurality of reservoirs connected by at least one capillary includes forming a capillary assembly by winding a flexible, deformable capillary base web partially around a rotating cylinder that has a plurality of recessed features formed therein; drawing the capillary base web into the recessed features to form the capillaries in the capillary base web; filling the capillaries; and laminating a capillary barrier web over the capillary base web. A flexible reservoir assembly is formed by cutting the perimeter of the at least two reservoirs and associated catchments into a flexible reservoir web; removing the waste cut interiors of the reservoirs and the catchments from the reservoir web; securing the reservoir web to a base layer; overfilling each reservoir; and laminating the capillary assembly over the reservoir assembly, driving excess filler from the reservoirs into the catchments.

Abstract: A system and method for forming a strut. A strut comprises a laminated composite tube having a substantially hollow interior and a pair of longitudinal stiffeners attached to opposite sides of the laminated composite tube.

Abstract: A system and apparatus are provided for adhering steering ribs to an intermediate transfer belt (ITB). These steering ribs (one or more) are applied to the ITB by placing the rib material around a cylindrical fixture. The rib material is held in place by a vacuum that is applied to the rib material to hold it against the fixture. An ITB may be separately held in place on the fixture by another vacuum until the rib material is adhered to the inside surface of the ITB through application of compressed air to force the rib material outward against the ITB. Once the rib material is adhered to the ITB, a series of apertures directs compressed air against the rib and the ITB to release them from the fixture.

Abstract: An adhesive fastening element (602) for holding a workpiece (608), the adhesive fastening element (602) comprising: a body (604, 606) defining a recess (642) for receiving a protrusion (644) of the workpiece (608); wherein, in use, adhesive is applied between an end surface of the recess (642) and an end surface of the protrusion (644) and between a side surface of the recess (642) and a side surface of the protrusion (644) to bond the workpiece (608) to the adhesive fastening element (602). The workpiece (608) may be aligned with a reference point on the adhesive fastening element (602) and the adhesive cured to fix the position of the workpiece (608) relative to the adhesive fastening element (602).

Abstract: In some aspects, a system for applying a fiber matrix on a tubular conduit is provided. The system can include a tubular conduit, a mandrel and a fiber matrix delivery assembly. The mandrel can comprise an elongate shaft and a rolling membrane configured to atraumatically engage the tubular conduit.

Abstract: An elongate hollow structure and method of constructing the hollow structure is described, the hollow structure including a radially inner portion and a radially outer portion merging together to form a tubular wall structure. The method includes providing the radially inner portion, assembling the radially outer portion about the radially inner portion, and radially expanding the inner portion. The outer portion comprises an outer layer of fibre reinforced composite construction surrounded by a flexible outer casing. A space is provided between the radially inner portion and flexible outer casing. The outer layer includes reinforcement and a binder. The flexible outer casing resists radial expansion of the reinforcement, subjecting it to radial compression. The radially expanding inner portion cooperates with the flexible outer casing to cause the volume of the space to progressively decrease, causing the binder to spread through the space between the radially inner portion and flexible outer casing.

Abstract: A crimping die including a fixed die and a moving die which moves away from or toward the fixed die, and a thread guide arranged closely to the edge of the stop hole formed in the proximal end face of an eyeless needle held by the crimping die and having a surface for guiding the suture thread to the stop hole. The thread guide is arranged such that an external force does not act on the suture thread on the outside of the stop hole formed in the eyeless needle as a crimping operation progresses when the proximal end face of the eyeless needle is crimped by the crimping die, or arranged to move in the direction in which an external force does not act.

Abstract: A method for laminating a component by means of a laminating tool with a laminating element, wherein the component has a groove, wherein the component has a first surface and second surface, wherein the first surface and the second surface border on one another in the groove, wherein the method comprises the following steps: masking the first surface with a mask, wherein the mask has a resilient lip, pressing the resilient lip into the groove by means of the laminating tool, wherein the resilient lip is designed, after having being pressed into the groove, to mask within the groove a partial area of exclusively the first surface, laminating the second surface with the laminating element, wherein, due to the lamination, parts of the laminating element cover the mask, removing the parts of the laminating element which cover the mask.

Abstract: An adhering jig for an adhesive connecting member is provided, in which the adhesive connecting member can be adhered without being broken even if it is twisted during connection of an optical fiber. The adhesive connecting member of the present invention has a tabular member having insertion holes fitting a shape of the optical connector, and an adhesive connecting member having a certain size. The adhesive connecting member has a strongly adhesive layer and non-adhesive layer, and the adhesive connecting member was arranged at a bottom of the insertion hole via the weakly adhesive layer, so that the non-adhesive layer is lower.

Abstract: A feather imping system includes a plurality of feather imping pins that attach a donor feather to a receiving feather. The feather imping pin is inserted into a receiving feather shaft of the receiving feather. Feather imping is performed using the feather imping pin that connects the donor feather and the receiving feather. The feather imping pin fits inside both the receiving feather shaft of the receiving feather and a donor feather shaft of the donor feather.

Abstract: An inspectable joint in a medical device is disclosed that includes at least one medical-grade tube having an end, a medical-grade fitting having at least one joining surface configured to accept the end of the tube, and a joining material disposed between the tube and the joining surface. The joining material includes a first component configured to couple the tube to the fitting and a second component configured to provide observable evidence of the presence of the joining material between the tube and the joining surface.

Abstract: An apparatus for disposing a tubular covering sleeve for electric-cable joints on a supporting element may include a support for the tubular covering sleeve; a pair of expanders; driving means configured to introduce the expanders into respective ends of the tubular covering sleeve and to cause radial expansion of the tubular covering sleeve; and devices for disposing the tubular covering sleeve in a radially expanded condition on the supporting element. The expanders may be configured to be placed in substantially coaxial positions relative to the tubular covering sleeve at the respective ends of the tubular covering sleeve.

Abstract: A fixing member manufacturing method includes: a step of holding a longitudinal end of a resin tube by a first holding tool; a step of holding another longitudinal end of the resin tube by a second holding tool; a step of decreasing a distance between the first and second holding tools each holding the resin tube, by a predetermined amount; a step of expanding, after the decreasing step, the resin tube in a radial direction; and a step of externally fitting the resin tube, expanded in the radial direction, around an elastic material coated with an adhesive.

Abstract: A fixing member manufacturing method includes: a step of coating an outer peripheral surface of an elastic material with an adhesive; a step of externally fitting a resin tube around the elastic material coated with the adhesive; a step of temporarily fixing the resin tube onto the elastic material by heating the resin tube at a longitudinal end portion; a step of temporarily fixing the resin tube onto the elastic material by heating the resin tube at the other longitudinal end portion except for a circumferential part of the resin tube; a step of squeezing out an excessive adhesive from between the elastic material and the resin tube, in a direction from the longitudinal end portion to the other longitudinal end portion of the resin tube; and a step of fixing the resin tube onto the elastic material by heating the adhesive.

Abstract: A positioning device for positioning a number of two-sided adhesive pieces includes a base, a number of pulling blocks, and a pressing block. The base includes a positioning block defining a number of positioning holes. Each pulling block includes a connecting plate, and a supporting plate protruding out from a top end of the connecting plate. A first surface of each adhesive piece is adhered on a top surface of one of the supporting plate. The connecting plate is received in a corresponding one of the positioning hole. The pressing block is attached to the positioning block. A second surface of each adhesive piece to be adhered to a bottom surface of the pressing block.

Abstract: An assembling machine for assembling an elongated module into a tubular body includes a holding assembly disposed on a base for holding the tubular body, a conveying assembly slidably connected to the base and having a cantilever for holding the elongated module and adapted to extend into the tubular body through a first opening thereof with the elongated module partially protruding from a second opening thereof, and a dispenser positioned between the cantilever and the holding assembly for dispensing adhesive on a joint surface of the elongated module. The holding assembly is adapted to drive the tubular body to move to a pressed position, so that an inner surface of the tubular body is pressed against the joint surface of the elongated module.

Abstract: A system for applying a fiber matrix on a tubular member is provided. A mandrel, configured for atraumatic placement within the tubular member, is included. Methods for atraumatic placement of a mandrel into a tubular member are also provided.

Abstract: There is described a vacuum transfer element for transferring a tubular label having a first axis (A) form a first to a second position, comprising a first surface which may reciprocate along a second axis (E) parallel to first axis (A), comprises a plurality of ports and is adapted to cooperate with an outer side, opposite to first axis (A), of said tubular label; first ports are selectively connectable to a vacuum source to establish a vacuum suction action on outer side, at least when first surface moves from first to second position; surface is angularly fixed relative to said second axis (E); first surface is angularly fixed relative to second axis (E).

Abstract: Embodiments for binding material processing of gradient index (GRIN) rods into GRIN lenses attachable to optical devices, components, and methods are disclosed. A cylindrical GRIN rod comprises an optical axis and a longitudinal axis at a center axis, where an index of refraction may be greatest at the optical axis. The GRIN rod includes GRIN lenses along the longitudinal axis. The GRIN lenses include a first optical surface and a second optical surface opposite the first optical surface. Separation processes and devices may separate the GRIN lenses from the GRIN rods and these processes may be automated. Other processes may polish the first and the second optical surfaces. A gripper may insert the GRIN lens into an optical device.

Abstract: The present system, method and apparatus are adapted for the quick and easy patching of inflatable devices. More specifically, the system, apparatus and methods comprise a tip, a body portion, an adhesive, a patch and a probe, wherein the tip and body portion are inserted into the inflatable device so as to apply the adhesive and patch to the interior of the device to create an air-tight seal. The disclosure thus provides an improved patching system, apparatus and method.

Abstract: A method for preparing a resizing sleeve for lining a joining point in a pipe assembly having pipes of thicker and thinner diameter. The method includes stretching the resizing sleeve in diameter to the size of the thicker pipe in diameter of the pipe assembly, installing an installation hat according to the thicker pipe in diameter of the pipe assembly by airtightly gluing it onto the stretched resizing sleeve, and returning the resizing sleeve to the size of the thinner pipe in diameter of the pipe assembly to be lined. A suitable tool for implementing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a capsule 12 for holding a substance 14 includes providing a capsule body 2 having a closed end 5 and an opposed open end 6; providing a diaphragm 4 having a closed end 7 and an opposed open end 8; partially filling the body 2 with substance 14; providing a gas-tight chamber; providing a nitrogen gas environment within the chamber; applying a partial vacuum to the chamber; supporting an outer side 43 of the body 2; supporting an inner side 102 of the diaphragm 4; while supporting the body 2 and the diaphragm 4, inserting the closed end 7 of the diaphragm 4 into the open end 6 of the body 2 until regions of the body 2 and the diaphragm 4 overlap one another, thereby closing off the open end 6 of the body 2 and forming a chamber 104 within which the substance 14 is held; and heat welding the overlapping regions of the capsule body 2 and the diaphragm 4 to one another to hermetically seal the chamber 104.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for implementing interleaved-dielectric joining of multi-layer laminates. First and second multi-layer laminates are provided, each having with a laminated portion and an unlaminated portion. The first and second multi-layer laminates are joined together at the unlaminated portions by interleaving a plurality of dielectric layers of the first and second multi-layer laminates. Respective conductors carried by adjacent dielectric layers are connected. The interleaved unlaminated portions are laminated together with heat and pressure, to create a larger laminate of the joined first and second multi-layer laminates.

Abstract: A structure such as a containment case (2) for a gas turbine engine (1) comprises an annular housing (3) made of composite material. A sleeve-like flange unit (4) is fitted onto an end of the housing (3) and is mechanically joined thereto by a first portion (31, 32, 33) of the composite material of the housing which projects into a recess (411) of the flange unit (4). This reduces or eliminates the need to use mechanical fasteners to connect the housing (3) to the flange unit (4).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a capsule 12 for holding a substance 14 including providing a capsule body 2 having a closed end 5, an opposed open end 6 and a predetermined length defined between the ends 5, 6; providing a diaphragm 4 having a closed end 7, an opposed open end 8 and a predetermined length defined between the ends 7, 8; partially filling the body 2 with substance 14; inserting the closed end 7 of the diaphragm 4 into the open end 6 of the body 2 such that regions of the body 2 and the diaphragm 4 overlap one another with the open ends of the capsule body 2 and the diaphragm 4 being flush, thereby closing off the open end 6 of the body 2 and defining a chamber 104 within which the substance 14 is held; and heat welding the flush ends of the body 2 and the diaphragm 4 to one another to hermetically seal the chamber 104.

Abstract: A jig provided with a holding protrusion is used; a guide is overlaid on an outer circumferential surface of the holding protrusion; the guide ring is compressed toward an inner circumferential side through a decompression hole opened in the outer circumferential surface of the holding protrusion; the guide ring is brought into close contact with the outer circumferential surface of the holding protrusion; an adhesive is applied to an outer circumferential surface of the guide ring; the roller is overlaid on the guide ring; pressure reduction is released to return the guide ring to its original outer diameter and press the adhesive applied to the outer circumferential surface of the guide ring against an inner circumferential surface of the roller; and after adhesively fixing the guide ring to the inner circumferential surface, the roller is removed from the jig.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to produce plastic film packagings for packaged items, in particular containers. In order to achieve said aim, a layer (2, 3) of plastic film is welded with a laid-on layer (1, 4) of plastic film with a transversal weld seam (13, 14, 20) in order to form compartments between the one layer (2, 3) and the laid-on layer (1, 4). According to the invention, a part of the one layer (2, 3) and/or a part of the laid-on layer (1, 4) is designed as a label (16) for the packaged item, wherein the shape of the labels (16) is in each case applied, in particular punched, before the transversal welding, said label remaining on the packaged item after removal of the packaged item from its compartment.

Abstract: To provide a moisture control module which has a function to reduce or increase moisture in a gas permitted to flow in a hollow fiber and which is substantially free from air leakage and easy to produce; a process for producing such a moisture control module; and an apparatus for producing such a moisture control module. A moisture control module comprising a tubular hollow fiber 1, a braid fiber 3 plaited into a braid to cover the exterior of the hollow fiber 1, and a pipe 5 inserted in an end of the hollow fiber 1, wherein as the hollow fiber 1 and the braid fiber 3 present in a region with a prescribed length from said end have been heated at a prescribed temperature from outside, the braid fiber 3 is fused, and at the same time, the hollow fiber 1 is fixed by heat shrinkage to the pipe 5.

Abstract: An expansion repair coupling for interconnecting two facing ends of a cut pipe comprises a tubular body, a spigot slidably and rotatably received therein and a locking mechanism to selectively lock or unlock the rotation of the tubular body relative to the spigot. An end of the spigot extends outward from the tubular body to receive a coupling that connects to one end of the cut pipe. A radially enlarged section on the spigot has a sealing mechanism that sealably engages an interior surface of the tubular body. The locking mechanism, engaged by collapsing the spigot into the tubular body or disengaged by extending the spigot therefrom, facilitates a push and twist connection at both ends of the pipe to wipe the adhesive disposed therebetween and obtain a better seal. Preferably, the locking mechanism comprises a socket having spigot engaging members that cooperatively engage socket engaging members on the spigot.

Abstract: The invention is a pipe joint that is particularly suitable for joining pipes composed of materials having a low surface energy and excellent resistance to solvents. The major components are an extrudable adhesive; a first pipe having a socket with an inside diameter, where said socket has a mouth, a self-centering bottom, and a substantially cylindrical wall with an inlet, an outlet, and an inner annular channel; a second pipe having an insertion section with an end and an outer annular channel, said second pipe having an outside diameter that is less than the inside diameter of the socket, where the difference in diameters defines a cap and where the outer annular channel lines up with the inner annular channel therein forming an interlocking keyway; and a flanged annular ring, where said annular ring has an inside diameter that enables it to be slid over the second pipe and a thickness that is comparable to the gap, and where the flange has a width that is sufficient to cap the mouth of the socket.

Abstract: A kit and method for assembling a decorative object pattern upon a fabric article including a flat, smooth surface board, a desired number of individual stencil units, slidably situated upon the board, and held movably in place by magnetic force. The stencil units are arranged upon the board surface to create a desired stencil design. Rhinestones or other decorative objects are situated within the stencil pattern with their adhesive side down. An adhesive backed cover sheet is provided to hold the decorative object pattern in place. The cover sheet is adapted to being placed on the fabric surface, and the held objects adhered thereto.

Abstract: A device and method for applying elastic film sleeves to containers, where a plurality of stretching units for stretching the film sleeves and a plurality of removal units for removing the containers that have been provided with the film sleeves are mounted on a labeling carousel. Furthermore, a label dispenser is provided for equipping the stretching units with the film sleeves. Due to the fact that the removal units include gripping units that can be moved back and forth with respect to the labeling carousel between a gripping position for gripping the containers and an avoidance position for avoiding a collision with the label dispenser, the size and shape of the gripping units can be varied flexibly. Also, an evasion movement of the stretching units in the area of the label dispenser is dispensable.

Abstract: Composite sections for aircraft fuselages and other structures, and methods and systems for manufacturing such sections, are disclosed herein. A method for manufacturing a shell structure in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes applying composite material to an interior mold surface of a tool to form a skin extending 360 degrees around an axis. The method can further include positioning a plurality of stiffeners on an inner surface of the skin. After the stiffeners have been positioned, a vacuum bag can be installed over the stiffeners and evacuated to press the stiffeners and the skin outwardly against the interior mold surface of the tool. Next, the skin/stiffener combination can be cocured to bond the stiffeners to the skin and harden the shell structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a functional module and a method for producing a functional module. The functional module includes an outer tube having a first and second end face and an inner surface. The functional module also includes an inner tube having a first and second end face and a lateral surface disposed within the outer tube. At least one molded part is disposed in a form-fitting manner between the inner surface of the outer tube and the shell surface of the inner tube. The functional module has a material with a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance. The first end face of the inner tube and the outer tube is disposed on an electrically isolative substrate and the molded part is thereby fixed between the outer tube and the inner tube by clamping force.

Abstract: A composite laminated structure is reinforced by inserting pins into a device for manufacturing a composite laminated structure. The device has a bottom guide on a composite laminated structure in a pre- or post-cured state. The device has first vertical pins that are inserted into the composite laminated structure. A top guide, on the bottom guide, has guide pins that are movable in a vertical direction at positions corresponding to the first pins.

Abstract: A method for terminating a multifiber connector. A multifiber ribbon is stripped to the appropriate preliminary length A protruding from the ferrule. A cleave is performed for all fibers protruding from the ferrule leaving a residual fiber length A1. Cleaving and fiber end-face forming can be achieved by either laser processing, electrical arch impact, plasma forming, or any other method of similar nature. To achieve the working protrusion of the fibers beyond the ferrule A2, the ferrule is moved forward in a fixture until it stops against stopper B. The fibers are then pushed against the recess in the stopper for alignment until protrusion length A2 is achieved. During the finishing process, the epoxy moves into the fiber holes between the fibers and the walls of the fiber holes by capillary action, without the need to move the ribbon or fibers, or remove epoxy from the contact surface of the ferrule.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a hollow component, in particular in the field of aviation or aerospace, including the following steps: provision of an inner contour closed along its circumference; laying of a fibre material over the inner contour; and curing of a matrix of the fibre material to form the component.

Abstract: A main pipe is lined by a main pipe lining material comprising a resin pipe made of a thermoplastic resin. A flange of a lateral pipe lining material is formed of a material capable of being welded to the thermoplastic resin of the resin pipe of the main pipe lining material. The thermoplastic resins of the flange of the lateral pipe lining material and the resin pipe are heated for plastic welding by a heater to integrally join the flange of the lateral pipe lining material with the main pipe lining material. This prevents the ingress of underground water together with sediment into the main pipe from the section where the lateral pipe and the main pipe intersect.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus for heating an elongate tubular article, comprising a frame member adapted to be disposed around said article, a heater with multiple heating zones and a controller for operating the heating device. The apparatus may be used to apply a heat shrinkable sleeve around a welded pipe joint. The heater may be infrared and also may use thin stamped sheets. If a heat shrinkable sleeve is used, the controller may activate the heating zones from the centre of the weld outward to eliminate pockets of air. The diameter of the interior of the frame may change along the length of the frame.

Abstract: A container labelling method consisting of predisposing means for supporting at least one container in an erect position; from below, mounting onto the body of said at least one container a heat-shrinkable label in the form of an annular band; and causing the label to adhere to said container. The method is implemented by a plant comprising a to device for supporting and transporting at least one container which acts from above on the container suspended in an erect position; means for mounting a heat-shrinkable annular band onto the container from below; and means for causing said label to adhere to said container by heat-shrinkage.

Abstract: Elongate, composite-material, hollow rebar structure, along with associated components, related fabrication apparatus, and apparatus-implemented, rebar-structure-making methodology. The rebar structure has a long axis, and includes (a) an elongate, hollow core centered on that long axis, (b) an elongate, hollow sleeve having inner and outer surfaces, circumsurrounding the core along the core's length, with the sleeve's inner surface bonded to the core's outer surface along the length thereof, and (c) longitudinally distributed, radial-dimensionality, external-purchase-enhancing structure formed unitarily with the sleeve's outer surface along the length thereof. The bond existing between the core and the sleeve takes the form of a single-cure, reverse-temperature-gradient-cure, plastic-material, molecular bond.

Abstract: An edge sealing glue head for bonding a substrate assembly in a solar module device is provided, and includes: an elongated body having a groove along a length direction of the elongated body, wherein the groove has a first side edge, a second side edge and a bottom; and a fixing strip which is in an elongated shape and is connected to the first side edge of the groove along a length direction of the elongated body, thereby contacting a substrate assembly which gets into the groove, wherein the fixing strip, the groove and the substrate assembly collaboratively define a space for an adhesive to fill in.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for Z-direction reinforcement of composite laminates is disclosed. Discrete fibers are pulled through a fiber composite preform in the Z-direction by barbed needles.

Abstract: An evertable extended liner comprising a liner and an extender-tube that are joined to form a continuous tubular entity. When a pressurising fluid is introduced into the interior of the extended liner it is caused to evert and extend progressively, the uneverted part of the liner passing through the interior of the extended liner, being drawn progressively in direction forwards towards the point of eversion. By this process the liner and the extended liner may be caused to evert into a pipe being lined where the liner may subsequently be formed against the inner surface of the pipe by means of fluid pressure which may be applied directly or by a separate pressurisable tube, following which means for applying fluid pressure are removed and the extender-tube is detached from the liner.