Abstract: A unit for the glue application of at least two labels to containers, comprising at least first (8) and second application devices (9) both of which rotate and are positioned at two separate superposed portions of the main axis of rotation (Z), each for applying at least one label on a separate portion of the same container (2). The operating parts of the two application devices (8) and (9) are at different distances from the axis of rotation (Z), although they rotate at identical rotational speeds relative to said axis. The second application device (9) comprises two first follower elements (30) slidably connected to a stationary guide element (29), for guiding the movement of the second device At the label application position (24), the interaction between the first follower elements (30) and the guide element (29) causes an oscillation of the second application device (9) for varying the speed of movement of its operating part and adapting it to that of the container.

Abstract: A device for transferring labels in a labeling machine with at least two retaining elements for holding labels, with the retaining elements being mounted offset in the circumferential direction around a gripper cylinder axle, and a mechanical control means configured to change the relative speed between the retaining elements in the circumferential direction of the gripper cylinder.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing at least one member comprising at least one rubber-coated electronic component, in which the component is placed in contact with a first strip of rubber and it is covered by a second strip of rubber so as to coat the component.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for application of pavement markers to a roadway or surface that provides for mechanical separation of paper backer from the adhesive surface of the markers. A pair of motor driven drums, having two barb bands, drives the markers through the apparatus and grasps and separates the paper backer from the markers.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of a fuselage shell for an aircraft made of fiber composite, which is to be equipped with a plurality of stringers disposed spaced apart for reinforcement, comprising a main frame to form a supporting substructure having an outwardly curved mounting surface for positive mounting, having longitudinal mounting grooves for receiving of formed parts for deformably positioning the stringers relative to the mounting surface, wherein a plurality of short formed parts spaced apart from each other are disposed in each mounting groove, and which are adjustable relative to the corresponding mounting groove in the transverse direction (Y) by means of adjusters, and which can be raised in the vertical direction (Z) by means of lifters for guiding the stringers in the direction of a laminating adhesive bonding unit brought over the mounting surface.

Abstract: A method of making a ceramic matrix composite blade includes laying up at least one ply of the plurality of fibrous ceramic plies in a preselected arrangement to form an airfoil and dovetail preform, laying up at least one additional ply of the plurality of fibrous ceramic plies on the airfoil and dovetail preform in a second preselected arrangement to form an integral platform as part of the non-rigidized blade preform, rigidizing the blade preform to form a rigidized blade preform, and densifying the rigidized blade preform to form a ceramic matrix composite blade having an integral platform structure. A tool for making the ceramic matrix composite blade and a ceramic matrix composite blade are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for manufacture of a solar panel string assembly for a solar canopy including: horizontally aligning two solar panel support channels substantially parallel to one another; applying an adhesive with a robotic tool to an upper portion of the solar panel support channels, the robotic tool comprising a fixed track aligned parallel with the two solar panel support channels, a robotic arm assembly movably supported by the track, a positioning member for adjusting the position of the robotic arm assembly along the track, and wherein the robotic arm comprises an adhesive applicator and a vacuum lift component; and lifting with the vacuum lift component of the robot arm assembly of the robotic tool and aligning a solar panel on top of the two solar panel support channels near opposing edges of the solar panel.

Abstract: Composite sections for aircraft fuselages and other structures, and methods and systems for manufacturing such sections, are disclosed herein. A method for manufacturing a shell structure in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes applying composite material to an interior mold surface of a tool to form a skin extending 360 degrees around an axis. The method can further include positioning a plurality of stiffeners on an inner surface of the skin. After the stiffeners have been positioned, a vacuum bag can be installed over the stiffeners and evacuated to press the stiffeners and the skin outwardly against the interior mold surface of the tool. Next, the skin/stiffener combination can be cocured to bond the stiffeners to the skin and harden the shell structure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for attaching a cover to a text body to create bound documents with floating and attached spines are described. In some embodiments, a solid pressure sensitive adhesive film is applied between a cover and the side hinge areas of a text body, and a cover is bound to the side hinge areas of the text body with pressure. A solid pressure sensitive adhesive tape may be dispensed from an adhesive dispenser that includes a plug-in cartridge housing, a supply spool, and a take-up spool. In other embodiments, an adhesive sheet that includes a hot melt adhesive film and a backing is applied to the text body, with the hot melt adhesive film in contact with the side hinge areas and the spine of the text body. The hot melt adhesive is exposed in areas corresponding to the side hinge areas of the text body for attaching the cover to the text body.

Abstract: A method and device are described for the reproduction of a certain image, previously digitalized and separated into a number of pixels and optimized into a number of colors below a certain limit, with the help of a specific software application. The method includes the construction of individual colored elements that correspond to each of the colors selected for the image, where these elements or pixels consist of small cubic parts made of glass or similar. The method and the device include the means for extracting said pixels from the individual containers and positioning them sequentially for the formation of successive rows which, placed next to each other, form the desired image. The desired image or mosaic is completed with the support for the pixels made of an appropriate material, where the pixels are bound to each other and/or to the support by means of a process of adhesion or the application of heat in an oven up to the temperature at which the material softens.

Abstract: A method of making a ceramic matrix composite blade includes laying up at least one ply of the plurality of fibrous ceramic plies in a preselected arrangement to form an airfoil and dovetail preform, laying up at least one additional ply of the plurality of fibrous ceramic plies on the airfoil and dovetail preform in a second preselected arrangement to form an integral platform as part of the non-rigidized blade preform, rigidizing the blade preform to form a rigidized blade preform, and densifying the rigidized blade preform to form a ceramic matrix composite blade having an integral platform structure. A tool for making the ceramic matrix composite blade and a ceramic matrix composite blade are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for visualizing air stream by little threads on aerodynamic surfaces such that strips of adhesive tape populated with threads are automatically fabricated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an RFID tag performing exchange of information with an external device without contact, and is to improve the resistance to bending while avoiding an increase in the thickness of the RFID tag. A circuit chip is bonded to a base portion of a base with a thermosetting adhesive. The base is folded, and an ultraviolet curing adhesive is applied on the circuit chip. The fold-back portions of the base are folded back onto the circuit chip, to which portions ultraviolet light is irradiated, as a result, both of the surfaces of the circuit chip are bonded to the base with the adhesives.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a friction plate in which a plurality of frictional material segments are adhered to a substantially annular core plate. The method previously registers the frictional material segments to adhesion positions, and presses the core plate to which adhesive agent is applied and the frictional segments to perform temporary adhesion. Further, an apparatus for manufacturing a friction plate in which a plurality of frictional material segments are adhered to a substantially annular core plate. The apparatus comprises a member for registering the frictional material segments while holding the frictional material segments in a state arranged in the adhesion positions.

Abstract: A packaging and pricing device for sticking labels on a packaged substance including a first label issuing unit and a second label issuing unit, arranged at both sides around the packaging unit, for issuing labels having different display contents. There is a first applicator and a second applicator for sticking the labels issued from the first labeling issuing unit and the second label issuing unit to a predetermined position on the packaged substance, respectively. The first applicator has a first driving mechanism configured to move the first applicator horizontally between the first label issuing unit and a corresponding sticking position, and the second applicator has a second driving mechanism configured to move the second applicator horizontally between the second label issuing unit and a corresponding sticking position. Additionally, the first applicator and the second applicator perform the sticking operations so as not to interfere with each other.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for transferring components from a pick-up position amongst a supply of components to a placement position on a receptor, such as a die pad, during semiconductor processing. It includes a first delivery device and a second delivery device operative to alternatively transfer the components from the pick-up position to the placement position. The second delivery device is arranged opposite the first delivery device about a line passing through the pick-up position and the placement position.

Abstract: A first parting film is held on a first flat laminating table in close contact with the first flat laminating table, and then wide prepregs are laid for plane lamination on the first parting film to form a large prepreg-laminate having a large area. A second parting film is held on a second flat laminating table in close contact with the second flat laminating table by suction, and then narrow prepregs to form a gridlike prepreg-laminate. The large prepreg-laminate is floated up by jetting air from the first flat laminating table is cut on a cutting table to obtain a prepreg-laminate skin. The gridlike prepreg-laminate is processed similarly to obtain a prepreg-laminate doubler. The prepreg-laminate skin and the prepreg-laminate doubler are carried from the cutting table to a laminating mold having a single-contour laminating surface so as to be superposed and are laminated to form a composite panel.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a friction plate in which a plurality of frictional material segments are adhered to a substantially annular core plate. The method previously registers the frictional material segments to adhesion positions, and presses the core plate to which adhesive agent is applied and the frictional segments to perform temporary adhesion. Further, an apparatus for manufacturing a friction plate in which a plurality of frictional material segments are adhered to a substantially annular core plate. The apparatus comprises a member for registering the frictional material segments while holding the frictional material segments in a state arranged in the adhesion positions.

Abstract: In order to manufacture a friction plate for a wet clutch including a core plate and a friction member bonded to at least one of annular flat surfaces of the core plate, each friction member including friction member segments, an oil groove being provided between adjacent friction member segments, there is adopted a method including: a step of making a plurality of cuts in at least one band-shaped friction member material in a lengthwise direction to form a plurality of friction member strips; a step of retaining the friction member strips with distances corresponding to the oil grooves being formed between adjacent friction member strips; a step of cutting off a portion of a tip end of at least one of the friction member strips which are located at opposite ends to thereby secure the oil grooves between the friction member segments on the annular flat surface; and a step of superposing friction member segment correspondence portions forming the tip ends of the plurality of friction member strips to the annul

Abstract: The fundamental technique of the method for making cellular cores is to make stacks of components which are configured such that cutting slices off the stacks produces cellular cores and, when needed, components used in stacks used to produce cellular cores. One of the basic components used in the stacks is termed a ribbed ply which is a ply (thin sheet of material such as wood) with a number of ribs (long thin strips of material such as wood) attached to the ply, parallel to each other. If the spaces between the ribs are filled with filler material such as foam plastic, the cells in the cellular core will be filled with the filler material. The filler material is introduced as layers of the material stacked alternately with plies and adhesively attached. Slices of such a stack, sliced parallel to the grain of the plies (if wood) are called ribbed fillers. Stacking ribbed fillers and plies produces a stack having a cross section which, when sliced, produces filled cell cellular cores.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making a friction clutch plate includes cutting a supply of friction material into a plurality of individual shaped segments. The cut segments are moved in a first horizontal linear direction to a position adjacent a shuttle assembly. At least a first cut segment is engaged by the shuttle assembly which transfers the first cut segment in a second horizontal linear direction which is substantially perpendicular to the first horizontal linear direction. The first cut segment is deposited in a first indexing fixture. The remaining cut segments are sequentially moved in the first horizontal linear direction to the position adjacent the shuttle assembly. At least a second cut segment is engaged by the shuttle assembly and is transferred in a third horizontal linear direction which substantially perpendicular to the first horizontal linear direction.

Abstract: A sheet separator is so arranged as to cover both surfaces of an electrode plate, and a heating plate is applied along a to-be-bonded edge of the separator, thereby achieving bonding by thermal welding. The heating plate has a width corresponding to a width of a bonded portion of the separator. Then, by pressing a protrusion of the heating plate or a heating plate for cutting against substantially the central part of the bonded portion, local heat transfer takes place to sublime a resin component, whereby the separator is cut off. Thereupon, the pouch-shaped separator is attached to the electrode plate.

Abstract: A flexible material includes a plurality of separate resilient elements joined to a flexible, resiliently stretchable substrate. Such a material is suitable for providing protective war for human and animal bodies. Preferably, the elements includes a foam material such as a closed cell polyethylene foam and the substrate includes a knitted fabric. In an advantageous embodiment, a second flexible substrate is bonded over the elements to sandwich them between the two layers of substrate.

Abstract: A method for fabricating semiconductor components, such as BGA packages, chip scale packages, and multi chip modules, includes the steps of cutting decals from ribbons of adhesive tape, and then attaching a semiconductor die to a substrate using the decals. A system for performing the method includes a tape cutting apparatus configured to cut the decals from the tape without wasted tape, and then to apply the cut decals to the substrate. A first finished dimension (e.g., width) of the decals is determined by a width of the tape, and a second finished dimension (e.g., length) of the decals is determined by indexing the tape through a selected distance. The tape cutting apparatus includes cutters configured to move through guide openings to cut and apply the decals to the substrate. The guide openings align the tape to the cutters, and also align the cut decals to the substrate. The system also includes a substrate handling apparatus configured to index and position the substrate relative to the guide openings.

Abstract: This invention relates to a manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus of friction plate for clutch. The present invention intends to provide the manufacturing method and the manufacturing apparatus of friction plate for clutch which can adhere the plural friction material segments to the core plate in shorter time period than that in the conventional art. The manufacturing method comprises a step for containing plural friction material segments 2 on a one surface 70a of a holding body 4 circumferentially; and a step for making the one surface of said holding body 4 and an adhering surface of a core plate 8 coated with an adhesive agent come near to each other, and for adhering the friction material segments 2 held by said holding body 4 to the adhering surface of said core plate 8 by urging.

Abstract: A process for producing a friction plate having a flat friction surface includes a step of provisionally arranging a plurality of sector-shaped lining segments punched out of a friction lining tape material, in a generally annular form on an index table so as not to overlap with each other, a step of correcting the provisional arrangement of the lining segments into an annular form having no gaps between the lining segments by moving together the plurality of lining segments, provisionally arranged on the index table, towards the centre of the index table and a step of adhering the plurality of lining segments, correctly arranged in the annular form, to a surface of a core plate. A friction plate having a flat friction surface can thereby be obtained with low cost.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a machine and process for cutting discrete workpiece components from webs of material precisely registering them with respect to one another, and depositing them with precise registration onto a constantly moving web of material, the webs of material optionally all moving at different speeds. In a particular embodiment of the invention, a process for manufacturing a multi-component absorbent personal hygiene article is described.

Abstract: This invention relates to a manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus of friction plate for clutch. The present invention intends to provide the manufacturing method and the manufacturing apparatus of friction plate for clutch which can adhere the plural friction material segments to the core plate in shorter time period than that in the conventional art. The manufacturing method comprises a step for containing plural friction material segments 2 on a one surface 70a of a holding body 4 circumferentially; and a step for making the one surface of said holding body 4 and an adhering surface of a core plate 8 coated with an adhesive agent come near to each other, and for adhering the friction material segments 2 held by said holding body 4 to the adhering surface of said core plate 8 by urging.

Abstract: This invention provides a method and apparatus for applying tape tabs to a traveling web, for example, for placement of fastening tabs on a running web of disposable diapers. The invention provides a cutting roll positioned to cut segments from a continuous infeeding web of tape material against a rotating anvil. The anvil, which is traveling at a speed equal to or very close to that of the infeeding tape web, carries the tape segments to a point on its tangency where a higher-speed traveling diaper web most nearly approaches, at which point the traveling diaper web is displaced slightly toward the anvil by means of a protuberance acting against the web. This movement causes it to come into contact with the next available tape segment, which becomes adhered to the higher-speed traveling web. This process provides for operation at higher speeds, higher efficiencies, greater flexibility and lower noise levels than previous processes.

Abstract: There is provided an improved method for laminating the components of a tiled display such as an AMLCD tiled display. In conventional laminating processes, forces are applied to the two parallel glass plates (i.e., the cover and back plates) separated by a liquid adhesive film. The two plates are squeezed together over their entire area forcing liquid laterally out from between the glass plates and tiles until the desired spacing or gap (filled with liquid adhesive) between the cover and back plates and the tiles is obtained. However, this process may require several hours to complete for large panels and, in addition the process is susceptible to trapping air bubbles in the adhesive. Consequently, the traditional process is not well suited for the mass production of large panels. The “pseudo” rolling-like lamination process of the present invention replaces the traditional lamination process and requires significantly less time.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus and method for facilitating, locating and securement of supports or cushioning blocks on a container panel includes a table for receiving the container panel and a bi-directionally, vertically movable frame which receives a template. The frame is raised and lowered by one or more linear actuators which may be double acting, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, ball screw operators or similar devices. The template includes a specific pattern of openings which correspond to the desired locations of supports or cushioning blocks. A container panel is placed on the table, the template is disposed in the frame and the frame is lowered onto the panel. An adhesive such as a hot melt adhesive is distributed on the panel through the openings and the supports or cushioning blocks are positioned according to the template on the panel. The frame and template are then lifted off the pad and the completed panel is removed from the apparatus.

Abstract: The method and the device of the present invention are capable of uniformly using whole surface of a carrying plate, improving the polishing accuracy of wafers and extending span of life of the carrying plate. The method of adhering a plurality of wafers onto a surface of a carrying plate with predetermined spaces is characterized by regularly shifting wafer adhering positions, at which the wafers are respectively adhered, with respect to a standard position of the carrying plate, in the surface of the carrying plate. The wafer adhering position is regularly shifted when the carrying plate is exchanged or predetermined time elapses.

Abstract: A system for aligning and attaching together a plurality of thin film transistor tiles for constructing a flat panel display. A coverplate loading station where a coverplate that the tiles are to be attached to is arranged on a coverplate support. A coverplate bonding material dispensing station where a bonding material for bonding the tiles to the coverplate is applied to a surface of the coverplate. A tile placement station where the tiles are arranged on the coverplate. A tile aligning and securing station where the tiles are aligned relative to each other and the coverplate by the tile aligner and where the tiles are at least partially bonded to the coverplate. A tile assembly bonding material dispensing station where a bonding material is applied to a surface of the tiles opposite the side that the coverplate is bonded to. A backplate placement station where a backplate is arranged on the tiles.

Abstract: An apparatus for attaching adhesive tape to a leadframe. The apparatus includes: a support frame; an adhesive tape on a reel mounted to the frame; a stationary cutter base mounted to the frame with an opening therethrough having a peripheral outline where the opening receives a leading terminal end of the tape and a portion of the tape following the leading terminal end, a channel in the base to guide the tape into the opening, and a block to hold the tape in the channel and in the opening; and a cutter which moves through the opening to cut a decal from the tape within the opening and to apply the decal to a leadframe. The cutter and the decal having an outline substantially matching the peripheral outline of the opening such that wasted tape is eliminated.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed for automatically affixing cards to a moving printed web which has a plurality of repeat lengths, each of the cards being automatically applied at the same relative location in each of a plurality of repeat lengths of the printed web. The apparatus includes a card feed device adapted to receive a web of cards having no registration holes formed therein and having a plurality of weakened links disposed between pairs of adjacent cards. The card feed device is adapted to cause the web of cards to pass through the card feed device so that there is substantially no slippage between the card feed device and the web of cards. The apparatus also includes a card handler operatively coupled to separate the web of cards into individual cards and cause them to be applied to the printed web and a controller adapted to control the card feed device so as to cause each of the cards to be applied to the printed web in a predetermined position in each of the repeat lengths of the printed web.

Abstract: A device for assembling ends of optical fibers into a sheet. Each of the ends is stripped of any resilient coating and has a flat terminal face. A grooved substrate is supported on a cradle means. An adhesive dispensing means deposites adhesive into the grooves. A gripping means grips the optical fibers to form the ends into a sheet and positions each of the optical fibers into the grooves of the substrate. A portion of each of the optical fibers, including the ends, extends beyond an edge of the substrate. A means holds a plate, having a flat surface, against the substrate where the plate covers the grooves to hold the optical fibers in the grooves and where the plate bonds to the substrate. The flat surface extends beyond the edge of the substrate to cover the portion of each of the optical fibers extending beyond the edge of the substrate.

Abstract: The invention comprises an apparatus for cutting cardboard boxes into panels of uniform widths and removing irregularities from the panels, for sorting the panels and for assembling several series of panels end to end and assembling the series of panels face to face to make a multiple thickness corrugated web. The apparatus can ensure that seams between panels in one layer are laterally displaced from seams in adjacent layers and can provide for wrapping paper or cardboard around the corrugated web.

Abstract: A production line for manufacturing wooden I-beams wherein a pair of grooved flanges are conveyed along opposite left and right sides of a train of web members and converged so that the web longitudinal edges are inserted into the flange grooves is disclosed. The flanges are moved along left and right hand chutes of the assembly machine with plural vertical flange drive rolls engaging the wider flange faces for improved traction. These flange drive rolls and the chutes are mounted to the machine base with a lateral adjustment mechanism permitting center justified adjusting movement relative to the machine center line. The lateral adjustment mechanism utilizes a series of lead screws each formed with left and right handed threaded portions engageable with a threaded nut attached to each chute. A pair of web bottom rails are vertically adjustable in elevation with plural vertical column screws connected between the machine base and the support rails.

Abstract: LED dice and driver chips for generating current for driving LED's are to be mounted on tile modules. Z-axis dimensional control of the LED dice and driver chips is provided by placement of the dice and driver chips face down in a first fixture member to locate the dice against a first datum on the fixture. A front face of the tile is accurately positioned in the x, y plane relative to the dice and driver chips and supported in a second fixture member. The front face of the tile contains adhesive for attachment of the tile to the LED dice and driver chips. The rear face of the tile is located against a second datum in the fixture that is located a fixed distance from the first datum. Thus, the adhesive between the dice and the front face of the tile compensates for the thickness variations of both the dice and the tile.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically creating a simulated mosaic controllably discharges tile pieces onto plate material and secures the tile pieces in place such that the plates with the tile pieces are freestanding permitting the plates themselves to be an ordered arrangement of sections of the mosaic once cemented to the substrate. Many different forms may be had for the plate material, including ones that are pressure or heat activatable to bond with the tile pieces or ones that are mechanically connectable.

Abstract: An apparatus for the application of adhesive coated slips to a moving web or to workpieces being conveyed, and preferably to the drawn up and still open bottoms of bags, consists of pairs of feed rolls for a web of material and means for perforating and tearing off, or means for detaching, the slips from the web of material and of a transfer folding gripper cylinder for receiving and subsequent transfer of the slips or pieces of tube.

Abstract: A device and method for marking a horizontal surface, such as a roadway, and applying reflective particles to the marked surface. The device monitors the flow of the reflective particles and warns an operator when the flow is interrupted. This device prevents remarking of the surface caused by interruptions in the flow of particles.

Abstract: A five-piece expanding pocket having front inner and outer panels secured to each other by cohesive glue, rear inner and outer panels secured thereof by cohesive glue, and a gusset having outer edge portions with cohesive glue on opposite sides thereof bonded between edge portions of the front and rear inner and outer panels which are bonded to each other. A fixture for assembling a five-piece expanding pocket including locating plates for retaining front and rear inner panels in a predetermined position, a positioning member for locating a gusset relative to the front and rear inner panels on the locating plates and permitting the gusset to be secured to cohesive glue on the front and rear inner panels, and the locating plates also permitting the locating of the front and rear outer panels relative to the front and rear inner panels, respectively.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for fixing members such as labels and foils to bottles wherein cut-to-size members are picked up at pick-up station, glue coated as they are picked up and pressed onto a bottle on their glue coated side. The members are severed from a continuous roll of web material and are individually and successively fed before coating to the pick-up station at the rate at which they are picked-up.

Abstract: This invention is generally accomplished by providing continuous self-adhesive strands of elastic to a substrate having retractable supports extending therefrom. The retractable supports in a convex pattern are contracted with the self-adhering elastic and the substrate bearing the elastic and supports is brought into contact with the web to which the elastic is to be transferred. The series of supports around which the elastic contacts are forced to retract as the self-adhering elastic is pressed against the web causing the elastic to transfer to the substrate thereby creating an elastic band on the substrate. In a preferred form the substrate is fed two strips of self-adhering elastic that are applied on each side of a series of a convex pattern of pins and then pressed together around opposing sides of the convex pattern of pins to seal the elastic to itself and sever the elastic, creating a contoured closed loop around the pins.

Abstract: An apparatus as disclosed by which production of pompons of the inventions comprising a gripping member having a thermoplastic crown piece mating surface to which a plurality of thermoplastic streamers are ultrasonically fused may be utimated which comprises a means for moving a form cluster of streamers into a position intermediate of an ultrasonic welding horn and the crown piece mating surface of a handle or gripping member and a means for contacting and engerizing an ultrasonic welding head with the cluster of streamers so as to fuse the streamers to the crown piece by ultrasonic vibrations.

Abstract: A flexible material includes a plurality of separate resilient elements joined to a flexible, resiliently stretchable substrate. Such a material is suitable for providing protective war for human and animal bodies. Preferably, the elements includes a foam material such as a closed cell polyethylene foam and the substrate includes a knitted fabric. In an advantageous embodiment, a second flexible substrate is bonded over the elements to sandwich them between the two layers of substrate.

Abstract: A flexible material includes a plurality of separate resilient elements joined to a flexible, resiliently stretchable substrate. Such a material is suitable for providing protective war for human and animal bodies. Preferably, the elements includes a foam material such as a closed cell polyethylene foam and the substrate includes a knitted fabric. In an advantageous embodiment, a second flexible substrate is bonded over the elements to sandwich them between the two layers of substrate.

Abstract: A flexible material includes a plurality of separate resilient elements joined to a flexible, resiliently stretchable substrate. Such a material is suitable for providing protective war for human and animal bodies. Preferably, the elements includes a foam material such as a closed cell polyethylene foam and the substrate includes a knitted fabric. In an advantageous embodiment, a second flexible substrate is bonded over the elements to sandwich them between the two layers of substrate.

Abstract: A flexible material includes a plurality of separate resilient elements joined to a flexible, resiliently stretchable substrate. Such a material is suitable for providing protective war for human and animal bodies. Preferably, the elements includes a foam material such as a closed cell polyethylene foam and the substrate includes a knitted fabric. In an advantageous embodiment, a second flexible substrate is bonded over the elements to sandwich them between the two layers of substrate.