Abstract: A prosthetic foot has a plate-like foot member with a core section substantially defined by one or more layers comprising a first material fiber, an upper section disposed above the core section, the upper section substantially defined by one or more layers comprising a second material fiber, and a lower section disposed below the core section, the lower section substantially defined by one or more layers comprising a third material fiber, where the upper, lower and core sections together define a total thickness of the plate-like elongate foot member. An idealized ratio of the cross sectional area of each section can be determined such that under an applied load provided to the hybrid layup, the ratio of maximum stress of a given section over the flexural strength of that given section is approximately equal for all sections of the hybrid layup. The hybrid layup arrangement can be configured to have a greater strength, but generally the same stiffness, as a similar foot member made of carbon fiber.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for forming a laminated substrate free from misalignment which would otherwise occur based on the assumption that, when the laminated substrate is formed by; preliminarily producing at least two rolls of laminate webs having different roll widths; and successively laminating at least two film sheets cut out, respectively, from the laminate webs being fed from the rolls, to one surface of a rectangular substrate, the roll width of each of the preliminarily-produced rolls of laminate webs becomes non-uniform.

Abstract: To provide a manufacturing method of a composite film for laminated glass, the method enabling the high-yield manufacture of the composite film that causes less appearance failure in the obtained laminated glass, while ensuring smooth workability. A manufacturing method of a composite film composed of a resin intermediate film and a plastic film for laminated glass, including: feeding the resin intermediate film with 0.04 to 0.4 N/cm tension and the plastic film, between a two rolls whose surface temperatures are 25 to 50° C., and pressing these to obtain a laminate; and feeding the laminate between a third roll whose surface temperature is 60° C. or higher and lower than Tg of a resin in the plastic film and a fourth roll whose surface temperature is lower than this by 15 to 30° C., so as to bring the plastic film into contact with the third roll, and pressing the laminate.

Abstract: An ultrasonic welding system and method for joining first and second thermoplastic parts includes least one energy director formed on at least one surface of the first thermoplastic part, with the energy director projecting from the surface of the first thermoplastic part toward an opposed surface of the second thermoplastic part. The distal end portion of the energy director has a curved or flat surface that initially engages the opposed surface of the second thermoplastic part when the first and second parts are brought into engagement with each other. The first and second thermoplastic parts are ultrasonically welded by pressing the parts together while vibrating at least the first part in a direction parallel to the direction of projection of the energy director. The energy director may include a pair of substantially flat side walls joined to opposite ends of the curved or flat end surface.

Abstract: Low Q associated with passive components of monolithic integrated circuits (ICs) when operated at microwave frequencies can be avoided or mitigated using high resistivity (e.g., ?100 Ohm-cm) semiconductor substrates and lower resistance inductors for the IC. This eliminates significant in-substrate electromagnetic coupling losses from planar inductors and interconnections overlying the substrate. The active transistor(s) are formed in the substrate proximate the front face. Planar capacitors are also formed over the front face of the substrate. Various terminals of the transistor(s), capacitor(s) and inductor(s) are coupled to a ground plane on the rear face of the substrate using through-substrate-vias to minimize parasitic resistance. Parasitic resistance associated with the planar inductors and heavy current carrying conductors is minimized by placing them on the outer surface of the IC where they can be made substantially thicker and of lower resistance.

Abstract: The specification of the instant application is amended. Submitted herewith is a Substitute Specification. The Substitute Specification complies with 37 C.F.R. §§1.52(a)-(b) and 1.125(b), and no new matter has been added to the Substitute Specification. Submitted herewith are clean and marked up versions of Substitute Specification in compliance with 37 C.F.R. §§1.121(b)(3) and 1.125(c). Entry of the Substitute Specification is respectfully requested.

Abstract: System and method to use a virtual frame of reference to evaluate and control a manufacturing system. Electronic images from a vision system may be analyzed using the virtual frame of reference to control the phasing of devices in the manufacturing system and to generate alerts.

Abstract: An ultrasonic welding system includes a motion control system that is coupled to and that causes controlled movement of an ultrasonic welding stack, in accordance with control inputs that are based on one or more control signals that are received from one or more sensors. The motion control system initiates a welding operation, subsequent to which an initial motion delay occurs until a predetermined condition is satisfied. Subsequently, in response to the predetermined condition being satisfied, the ultrasonic welding stack is caused to move in accordance with a weld profile. Subsequently, in response to an occurrence of a predetermined delay initiating condition, the ultrasonic welding stack is caused to stop motion and to maintain a stationary position. Subsequently, in response to an occurrence of a predetermined delay terminating condition, motion of the ultrasonic welding stack is resumed in accordance with the weld profile.

Abstract: A machine for making absorbent sanitary articles, where each article includes components progressively positioned relative to each other and assembled along a production line. The machine includes a programmable electronic controller device having a shift register, at least one optical inspection system connected to the programmable electronic controller device, and an operator interface connected to the electronic controller. The programmable electronic controller device generates a machine sync signal, a trigger signal for activating the optical inspection system in phase with the sync signal and a shift register shift command. The optical inspection system receives the trigger signal and has a defined maximum response time which produces at least one band of uncertainty. The operator sets with the operator interface the instant of activating the shift register shift command outside the band of uncertainty and between two consecutive sync signals defining a machine step.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving tire uniformity using estimates of process harmonic magnitude(s) from static balance measurements for a set of tires are provided. In particular, a sequence of observed magnitudes of static balance can be obtained for a set of tires. The sequence of observed magnitudes can be analyzed in conjunction with a baseline magnitude pattern associated with the process harmonic to derive a magnitude of the process harmonic. The magnitude of the process harmonic can be used to improve the uniformity of tires.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes one or more systems, methods, routines and/or techniques for thermal management. One or more systems, methods, routines and/or techniques may provide advice or guidance (e.g., to a repair technician) regarding how to perform a hot bond repair, for example, on an aircraft component that has been damaged. The thermal management advisor may provide advice or guidance regarding how to prepare a repair field prior to running a thermal survey. For example, thermal management advisor may recommend a particular heat blanket, a configuration of the heat blanket, placement of various temperature sensors and other preparation guidance. The thermal management advisor may provide advice or guidance regarding how to alter or manage the repair setup during a thermal survey and during the actual curing process. For example, thermal management advisor may recommend particular temperature sensors or areas of the repair field that should be insulated.

Abstract: A leak through the thickness of a structure is detected from one side of the structure using a leak detection layer. The leak detection layer exhibits visually observable changes when exposed to an air leak.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems for facilitating automated or semi-automated collection of tissue samples cut by a microtome. In one example, a collection apparatus may be moved back and forth between respective positions at which the collection apparatus is operatively coupled to a microtome so as to collect cut tissue samples, or routine access to the microtome is provided. Relatively easy movement and positioning of the collection apparatus is facilitated, while at the same time ensuring structural stability and appropriate alignment and/or isolation between the collection apparatus and the microtome. A fluid reservoir receives samples cut by the microtome, and the collection apparatus may collect samples via a conveyor-like substrate disposed near/in the reservoir. A linear movement of the substrate may be controlled based on a cutting rate of the microtome, and the fluid level in the reservoir may be automatically maintained to facilitate effective sample collection.

Abstract: A method of applying a marking onto a metrological scale. The method includes locating one or more markings on the scale substrate in a provisional state; checking whether the one or more markings located on the scale substrate are acceptable; and finalizing the one or markings which are acceptable so as to transform the one or more markings into a finalized state.

Abstract: A labelling machine with a labelling device, which has a feeder unit for feeding a backing strip, which is provided with detachable labels, and a transfer unit for transferring the labels from the backing strip onto an object that is to be labelled. The labelling machine further has a winding device for winding a section of the backing strip from which labels have been detached, containing at least one guidance unit with a guidance element, along which the backing strip section can be guided in a direction of transport, and a winding unit, which is mounted downstream of the at least one guidance element, and includes fixing means, on which a free end section of the backing strip section can be fixed, whereby the fixing means are arranged on a winding core that can rotate about an axis of rotation, and follow a rotational movement of the winding core.

Abstract: A nondestructive inspection apparatus of a structure includes: an inspection apparatus body 1 provided with an infrared light irradiation unit irradiating a structure 3 to be inspected with heating infrared light, a temperature variation measuring unit measuring a variation in temperature of the structure due to the irradiation with infrared light from the infrared light irradiation unit, a drive-control-and-accumulation unit performing drive control of the infrared light irradiation unit and the temperature variation measuring unit and performing data accumulation; and a self-running mechanism unit 2 enabling the inspection apparatus body 1 to move along the structure 3. The structure 3 is inspected for an internal defect by irradiating the structure 3 with heating infrared light while the apparatus moves along the structure 3 through the use of the self-running mechanism unit 2 and measuring the variation in temperature of the structure 3 due to the irradiation with infrared light.

Abstract: A method of bonding materials may comprise defining a bond interface between two materials in a cure zone on a surface of an object, and non-conductively heating the bond interface without directly heating the surface outside of the cure zone. Non-conductively heating the bond interface may involve applying microwave radiation to the bond interface.

Abstract: To provide a member bonding apparatus that can accurately position two members for bonding. Member alignment preprocessing device 15 adjusts to align one of the two members received by member receiving device 11 with another member in X and Y-axis directions so that the positions of bonding surfaces of the two members approximately correspond, adhesive application device 12 applies adhesive to a bonding surface of one of the two members approximately aligned, member alignment device 16 adjusts to align another member with one of the two members in X, Y, Z-axis and ?, ?, ?-axis directions based on images of the two members captured by a CCD camera so that positions of the bonding surfaces of the two members correspond, member bonding device 13 makes the bonding surfaces of the two members aligned be bonded to each other through the adhesive, and member delivery device 14 unloads and delivers the bonded member.

Abstract: A bonding method includes ultrasonically welding a protruding portion extending on a surface of a first substrate member to a surface of a second substrate member by applying ultrasonic vibration to the first substrate member. A protruding stopper portion for stopping welding is provided on the surface of the first substrate member formed with the protruding portion, or on the surface of the second substrate member to come in contact with the protruding portion in a pressed state, to be disposed around the protruding portion in the pressed state. The ultrasonically welding includes a first process for applying ultrasonic vibration at amplitude as a first value to the first substrate member, and a second process for applying ultrasonic vibration to the first substrate member at amplitude as a second value lower than the first value after the first process.

Abstract: A sample, which is embedded in a paraffin block, is placed on a tissue cassette (22) which carries a label (20) which may a bar code. When the sample is to be processed, the cassette is given to a microtome operator who scans the label (20) with, for example, a bar code reader (4). Scanning causes information to be displayed on a screen (12) and the operator verifies that what is on the screen matches what was on the label. The paraffin block is then placed in a microtome chuck (26) and sections are cut from the block. Concurrently with, or prior to sectioning, a number of slides (18) are dispensed (2) and are printed with a label (16) so that the sections can be mounted thereon. The slide label (16) is related to the cassette label (20).

Abstract: An anisotropic conductive adhesive in which high thermal dissipation is provided. Conductive particles and solder particles are dispersed in a binder. In a thermally compressed LED device manufactured using this anisotropic conductive adhesive, terminals of the LED device are electrically connected to terminals of a substrate via particles and the terminals of the LED device and the terminals of the substrate are solder bonded.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thin film polarizer includes forming a film laminate by allowing a non-oriented polyvinyl alcohol-based film to be bonded to and sandwiched between two or more non-oriented polymer films using attractive force or an adhesive layer, orienting the film laminate so that the polyvinyl alcohol-based film has a thickness of 10 ?m or less, and separating the polymer films and the polyvinyl alcohol-based film of the oriented film laminate from each other.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical display device comprises: sequentially peeling a plurality of optical film sheets continuously supported via an adhesive layer on one of opposite surfaces of a carrier film, together with the adhesive layer from the carrier film under peeling action of the movable peeling member by winding a long web of the carrier film in a state where the other of opposite surfaces thereof being folded to inside at a tip-end of the movable peeling member having the tip-end and passed around the peeling member; and laminating the plurality of optical film sheets to one of opposite surfaces of respective ones of panel components via the adhesive layer under laminating action of the closed lamination rollers.

Abstract: A sealant curing system and a method of curing a sealant using the same are disclosed. The sealant curing system includes a curing room and a UV light outputting panel. The curing room is used for receiving a display panel having the sealant which is ready to be cured. The UV light outputting panel is used for displaying a sealant curing image according to a preset displaying data, and is used for producing a UV light. The UV light is used for irradiating and curing the sealant of the display panel. The present invention is capable of eliminating a process in which different masks are replaced for display panels of different sizes.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing an optical display device by sequentially peeling a plurality of optical film sheets continuously supported on a long web of a carrier film and laminating the plurality of optical film sheets to a plurality of panel components are provided.

Abstract: A system and method for a surface strain gauge is described which has direct application to wind turbine structures and wind turbine blades and wind turbine struts. The invention is equally applicable to other airfoil structures such as aircraft wings and aircraft fuselages. The strain gauge comprises an array of carbon fiber material integrated with one or more microcontroller modules wherein the entire array may be incorporated into the surface of the structure to be monitored during manufacture of the structure. The array comprises separate sheets of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy which are linked together and which each comprise a separately addressable element such as a microcontroller wherein the microcontrollers are connected to a power supply and to a central bus which itself links to a central system controller. Differential measurements of the resistance of separate carbon fiber reinforced epoxy sheets may be determined in real time as well as the resistance between two or more sheets.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical display device comprising: after completing lamination of a preceding optical film sheet to one of opposite surfaces of a preceding panel component at the predetermined laminating position, unwinding the carrier film in a state where another surface thereof folded to inside at a tip-end configuring a head portion of a peeling member and the carrier film is passed around the peeling member, and backwardly feeding a leading end of the optical film sheet supported on the carrier film to a predetermined feeding position provided at upstream of the tip-end of the peeling member.

Abstract: A method of assessing bond quality of a bond between first and second composite parts may include bonding an indication film to the first composite part. The indication film may include NDI-detectable particles arranged in a pattern and bound to polymer chains located inside particle regions. The polymer chains and particles may be stationary during bonding of the indication film to the first composite part. The method may additionally include bonding the first and second composite parts along an assembly bondline during which the particles in the indication film migrate with the polymer chains. The method may further include NDI-inspection of the assembly bondline by observing the appearance of the particles along a direction locally normal to an in-plane direction of the assembly bondline, and determining the bond quality of the assembly bondline based on particle density in the in-plane direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for producing corrugated cardboard products. Said apparatus comprises a first one-sided machine and a second one-sided machine which are configured in each case for producing a single flute corrugated cardboard web. Furthermore, the apparatus has a combining means which is configured for connecting the single flute corrugated cardboard webs. Here, the combining means is provided with a convergence region which is configured for mutual adaptation of the single flute corrugated cardboard webs. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing corrugated cardboard products, in which method a first single flute corrugated cardboard web is connected to a second single flute corrugated cardboard web. During connection, a first single flute corrugated cardboard web and a second single flute corrugated cardboard web run through a convergence region.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing an optical display device by sequentially peeling a plurality of optical film sheets continuously supported on a long web of a carrier film and laminating the plurality of optical film sheets to a plurality of panel components are provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described for repairing a damaged area of an airplane fuselage made from fiber-reinforced composite material. In one embodiment, an intelligent patch is provided comprising a first electronic communication device to communicate information from at least one sensor regarding the presence of compression induced microfractures within the patch.

Abstract: A bonding apparatus includes a substrate holder holding the second substrate; a pusher pushing a back surface of the second substrate; a substrate support unit including a support talon supporting a circumferential edge portion of the first substrate to oppose the second substrate with a prescribed spacing between the second substrate and the circumferential edge portion of the first substrate; and a controller controlling a lifting/lowering operation of the pusher. The pusher pushes one prescribed point of the back surface of the second substrate, the one prescribed point corresponding to a position where a distance between a bonding surface of the first substrate and a bonding surface of the second substrate is shorter than a distance from the circumferential edge portion of the bonding surface of the first substrate to the bonding surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: A method for assembling a liquid crystal display includes fixing a liquid crystal panel and a touch panel together to form a touch display screen; inspecting the touch display screen; if no defect is identified in inspecting the touch display screen, fixing the touch display screen and a backlight unit together to form a touch display backlight module screen; and inspecting the touch display backlight module screen. The method for assembling the liquid crystal display helps reduce waste of backlight units and increases yield rate.

Abstract: An information storage/readout device for use in a system for continuously manufacturing liquid-crystal display elements comprises an information storage medium which stores therein slitting position information created based on the position of a defect detected by an inspection of a continuous polarizing composite film included in a continuous optical film laminate including a continuous polarizing composite film formed with an adhesive layer and a continuous carrier film releasably laminated on the adhesive layer, to indicate defective-polarizing-sheet slitting positions defining a defective or defect-containing polarizing sheet, and normal-polarizing-sheet slitting positions defining a normal or defect-free polarizing sheet, in the continuous inspected optical film laminate, and a roll of the continuous inspected optical film laminate which is provided with an identification indicia.

Abstract: A heat-conductive connection arrangement for connecting a printed circuit board to a cooling body. The connection arrangement has a carrier which is flat. At least part of the carrier includes at least one balloon body which faces away from the carrier and is connected to the carrier. The balloon body includes an envelope which encloses an interior, and the interior is at least in part filled with a preferably free-flowing, in particular viscous, heat-conducting substance. The envelope is configured so as to tear open under the influence of pressure and to thus release the heat-conducting substance.

Abstract: The use of a heat idler moveable along a path provides speed and flexibility in the heat labeling of containers.

Abstract: A printer 1 has a movable member 27 that can move following change in the tension on recording paper 3 between a roll paper compartment 7 and a conveyance mechanism 12 on the paper conveyance path 8. When recording paper 3 of which the end is glued to the core 2a of a paper roll 2 runs out, the tension on the recording paper 3 rises and the movable member 27 goes to a tension-side error determination range E1 in its range of allowable movement E0. When the movable member 27 is in the tension-side error determination range E1, the time the movable member 27 remains in the tension-side error determination range E1 is counted, and if this measured time exceeds an error determination time, an error detection unit 38 detects an error. No-paper errors can therefore be detected without using a dedicated sensor.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a reinforcing structure of a tire for vehicle wheels, is carried out on a toroidal support including an outer surface, by means of at least one laying element, which can be oriented in space in a controlled way; the laying element including a laying surface adapted to act on a portion of a rubberized strip-like element for laying the same on the outer surface of the toroidal support. The reinforcing structure includes at least a first and a second radially superimposed reinforcing layers, each including a plurality of strip-like elements; each reinforcing layer having a circumferential extension about a rotation axis of the tire and comprising thread-like reinforcing elements, arranged parallel to one another.

Abstract: In the present technology, when rolling rubber material extruded from a first rubber extruder (32) with a first pair of rollers (36, 36) to form a first sheet-shaped member (S1) and layering and rolling the first sheet-shaped member (S1) and the second sheet-shaped member (S2) supplied from an original material with a second pair of rollers (38, 38) to contiguously produce a laminate having the first sheet-shaped member (S1) and a second sheet-shaped member (S2) laminated therein, the gap between the first pair of rollers (36, 36) is controlled on the basis of the detection result of the thickness (d1) of the first sheet-shaped member (S1) rolled by the first pair of rollers (36, 36), the detection result of the thickness (d2) of the second sheet-shaped member (S2) supplied from the original material, and the detection result of the thickness (d3) of the laminate body.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for holding a plurality of semiconductor devices during thermocompression bonding, comprising: a body; a plurality of support surfaces at a first side of the body, each support surface being configured for holding at least one semiconductor device during thermocompression bonding; and a plurality of internal conduits within the body, each internal conduit extending from an opening of a respective one of the support surfaces at the first side of the body to an opening at a second side of the body. In particular, the openings at the second side of the body are configured to be connected to separate pneumatic paths to be in fluid communication therewith, each pneumatic path having an independently controlled pneumatic suction force so that the openings of the support surfaces at the first side of the body are operative to selectively hold the one or more semiconductor devices against the support surfaces at the first side of the body or to release the same therefrom.

Abstract: Provided are a device packing facility and method using phthalate and a device processing apparatus utilizing the phthalate. The device packaging facility includes a mounting unit providing phthalate between first and second devices to attach the first and second devices to each other, a processing unit thermally processing the first and second devices that are attached to each other to remove the phthalate and fix the first and second devices to each other, and a transfer unit transferring the first and second devices that are attached to each other from the mounting unit to the processing unit.

Abstract: A method for electrically setting a gap for a piezoelectric pressure sensor. The method includes positioning a piezoelectric flex element on a tray; attaching a voltage source to the piezoelectric flex element of a piezoelectric pressure sensor; applying a voltage from the voltage source to the piezoelectric flex element; curing an adhesive between the piezoelectric flex element and the tray while the piezoelectric flex element is deflected by the voltage; and stopping the voltage from the voltage source to the piezoelectric flex element when the adhesive has been cured.

Abstract: Curved polarization filters and methods of manufacturing such filters are described in the present disclosure. An exemplary method includes laminating a planar polarization layer to a planar retarder layer at a predetermined orientation and bending the laminate to create a curved filter. The strain on the retarder layer results in stress-induced birefringence, and the predetermined orientation of the retarder substantially compensates for the stress-induced birefringence. In some embodiments, the predetermination is based on mathematical models. In some other embodiment, the predetermination is based on experimental data.

Abstract: A rotating rotor in a turbine has blades attached. At least one blade is a reference blade of which a reference position is determined by a Once-Per-Rotation sensor. A camera positioned at a viewing port takes a sequence of images of all the blades during a rotation at a trigger moment determined by a controller. The controller receives a signal indicating that the reference blade passes its reference point. The controller is provided with data about the number of blades, the position of the camera and a desired dwell of an image related to the blade. The controller calculates the trigger moments and generates trigger signals to the camera. The trigger moment is adjusted for changing rotor speed by extracting a blade feature from blade images. The camera records images that are labeled and stored as image data on a storage device.

Abstract: A sub-mount includes a sub-mount substrate, an Au layer placed above the sub-mount substrate, a barrier layer which is placed on the Au layer and has a barrier portion at least in a portion of its outer peripheral portion which is other than a portion corresponding to a side of an output end of a semiconductor laser, and a solder layer placed on the barrier layer in an area surrounded by the barrier portion, wherein the semiconductor laser is bonded to the sub-mount through the solder layer, in a state where the semiconductor laser is spaced apart by a predetermined interval from an inner surface of the barrier portion, and further, the output end protrudes, in a direction of output of the laser light, from an end of the solder layer which corresponds to the side of the output end of the semiconductor laser.

Abstract: A room-temperature bonding apparatus of the present invention includes: a plurality of first beam sources configured to emit a plurality of first activation beams which are irradiated to a first activation surface of a first substrate; a plurality of second beam sources configured to emit a plurality of second activation beams which are irradiated to a second activation surface of a second substrate; and a pressure welding mechanism configured to bond the first substrate and the second substrate by bring the first activation surface and the second activation surface contact, after the first activation surface and the second activation surface are irradiated.

Abstract: A method for sealing insulating glass blanks (1), in which a sealing compound (3) is introduced from a sealing nozzle (7) into the outwardly open edge joint (2) of the insulating glass blank (1). A material tongue (15) of the sealing compound (3) emerging from the sealing nozzle (7) forms in front of the sealing nozzle (7). The size of the material tongue (15) is proportional to the amount of the sealing compound (3) introduced into the edge joint (2) per unit of time. Sealing is controlled in accordance with the length of the material tongue (15) detected by a sensor (10). In particular the amount of sealing compound (3) introduced per unit of time to the sealing nozzle (7) and/or the relative speed between the insulating glass blank (1) and the sealing nozzle (7) is controlled in accordance with the length of the material tongue (15) detected by the sensor (10).

Abstract: A document reading apparatus includes a sensor configured to receive light from a document, an imaging lens configured to form an image of light from the document on the sensor, a first holding member to which the imaging lens is fixed, and a second holding member to which the sensor is fixed, wherein the first holding member and the second holding member are fixed using an adhesive and solder.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for three-dimensional (3D) printing and scanning (or rapid prototyping). For example, presented herein are 3D printing and scanning systems and methods to create a 3D replica of a 3D object on a build surface. Movements and/or controls of the system are generally based on polar coordinates relative to a center of a build surface. System components may generally include: (1) a rotatable build surface; (2) a media extruder positioned over the build surface; (3) a heating element to melt media as it is drawn into the extruder; (4) an extruder positioning system coupled to the extruder and configured to move the extruder over the build surface based on polar coordinates relative to a center of the build surface; and (5) an optical scanning system for scanning of a 3D object to obtain a plurality of two-dimensional (2D) images of the 3D object.

Abstract: The invention is a laminating process which is directed toward economical production methods for scalable amounts of production which develop properties suitable for a broad based product line. In particular, the product is capable of important key components of commercial properties such as adhesion, scratch resistance, chemical inertness, and bending without failure.