Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include such relating to security elements for embedment in security papers, value documents and the like, having a substrate foil having opposing first and second main surfaces, an optically variable security feature disposed on the first main surface and an adhesive layer applied to the second main surface. Further embodiments are disclosed including methods for manufacturing security elements, embodiments relating to security papers and value documents, and other embodiments.

Abstract: A recording paper contains a pulp fiber and a magnetic fiber having a large Barkhausen effect. The fiber orientation ratio of this recording paper by an ultrasonic propagation velocity method is in a range of more than 1.3 to less than 1.8, and the degree of shrinkage in an MD thereof is 0.25% or less.

Abstract: The bearing comprises a metal backing, a sintered layer on said metal backing, and a lining layer infiltrated into pores of the sintered layer and standing proud thereof to provide a bearing surface. The lining layer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene including 2 to 10% by volume of fibrillated aramid fibres.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a bearing material, a bearing material and a bearing having the bearing material on a strong backing are described.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a thread-inserted window paper produces paper in which a thread is exposed to windows which are intermittently formed, and have clear contours, and in which thread is exposed surely at the window portions to make the thread clearly recognizable visually. The method is capable of being carried out with a relatively simple apparatus. Wet paper (1) in which a thread (T) is embedded in the paper layer is guided while being in intimate contact with a center roll (3) having protrusions (2) arranged on the surface thereof intermittently at a predetermined distance, the surface of the wet paper on the protrusions is frictionally rubbed by a friction roll (4) thereby moving fibers at the surface of the wet paper on the protrusions to form exposed portions of the thread intermittently on the surface of the wet paper and the wet paper is then dried by a customary method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a soft, thick, single-ply tissue having a serpentine configuration and to a process for the manufacture of such tissue product having a basis weight of at least about 15 lbs./3,000 square foot ream and having low sidedness, said tissue exhibiting: a specific total tensile strength of between 40 and 75 grams per 3 inches per pound per 3000 square feet ream, a cross direction specific wet tensile strength of between 2.75 and 7.5 grams per 3 inches per pound per 3000 square feet ream, the ratio of MD tensile to CD tensile of between 1.25 and 2.75, a specific geometric mean tensile stiffness of between 0.5 and 1.2 grams per inch per percent strain per pound per 3000 square feet ream, a friction deviation of less than 0.225, and a sidedness parameter of less than 0.275.

Abstract: Fluorescent dichroic fibers randomly incorporated within a media provide an improved method for authentication and counterfeiting protection. The dichroism is provided by an alignment of fluorescent molecules along the length of the fibers. The fluorescent fibers provide an authentication mechanism of varying levels of capability. The authentication signature depends on four parameters; the x,y position, the dichroism and the local environment. The availability of so many non-deterministic variables makes production of counterfeit articles (e.g., currency, credit cards, etc.) essentially impossible. Counterfeit-resistant articles, an apparatus for authenticating articles, and a process for forming counterfeit-resistant media are also provided.

Abstract: An antifalsification paper is described having an embedded safeguarding thread which is embedded in the paper so as to be freely accessible in some areas. The safeguarding thread has a width greater than 2 mm. The antifalsification paper comprises at least two paper layers produced on separate paper machines. The safeguarding thread is embedded in the first paper layer which has openings or recesses in its surface through which the thread is partly accessible on both sides. This first paper layer is covered with at least one second paper layer and firmly connected therewith, the second paper layer having a thickness of 10 to 50%, preferably 20%, of the total thickness of the antifalsification paper. The use of particularly wide safeguarding threads and the resulting possibility of equipping the threads with certain optical effects can improve the resistance to forgery of the antifalsification paper provided therewith.

Abstract: A hybrid band that includes rigid segments into a paper web being formed in a paper manufacturing process. The band includes a carrier that has an adhesive surface for mounting the rigid segments thereon and spacing filler material between contiguous rigid segments for keep them in place. A jacket is formed over the combination that comprises the carrier, segments and filler material. The resulting hybrid band is prestretched prior to its insertion in a paper web being formed in order to compensate for the subsequent shrinkage of the paper web thereby accomplishing the proper and exact positioning of the segments on said paper web.

Abstract: A process for inserting rigid segments into a paper web being formed in a paper manufacturing process that includes the use of a paper forming screen roll, including the steps of cutting segments from a continuous rigid wire material and placing the rigid segments on a continuous strip of an adhesive carrier and placing elastic filler between the rigid segments placed on the carrier, forming a continuous elastic jacket covering the rigid segments and the filler means thereby forming a hybrid band. Through tensioning, the hybrid band is pre-stressed before feeding the pre-stressed hybrid band to the paper forming screen roll, sensing the position of the hybrid band on the paper forming screen roll, sensing the position of the hybrid band on the paper web, and regulating and controlling the positioning of the hybrid band through the adjustment of the tensioning in accordance with the position of the hybrid band in the paper web.

Abstract: A process for making a paper product that includes both means for preventing images from being copied from the paper product by use of a xerographic photocopier; and means for enabling detection of the paper product when the paper product is transported through an interrogation zone of an article surveillance system.

Abstract: A heat conductive circuit board includes an insulating layer provided on a metal substrate, and an electrically conductive metal foil formed on the insulating layer, and the insulating layer is formed by impregnating an alumina paper with organic polymer. The alumina paper is made by subjecting a material containing alumina fiber as the principal components to a paper-making process. The insulating layer has excellent properties of heat transfer not only in the thickness direction but also in the surface direction, and thus, the heat conductive circuit board is excellent in heat dissipation properties.

Abstract: Security devices in the form of metalized plastic films are incorporated within a security paper such as banknotes and other valuable documents during the papermaking process for viewing solely by means of transmitted light. The devices comprise printing of extreme fine line clarity and high opacity such that legibility is possible by means of transmitted light while remaining completely indiscernable under reflected light.

Abstract: A process for the production of a laminated sheet is disclosed, which comprises impregnating a base paper for laminated sheet using a wood pulp having an .alpha.-cellulose content of 87.0% or more with a synthetic resin to prepare a prepreg and subjecting the prepreg to laminate molding by heat. A process for the production of a metal foil-clad laminated sheet is also disclosed, which comprises impregnating a base paper for laminated sheet using a wood pulp having an .alpha.-cellulose content of 87.0% or more with a synthetic resin to prepare a prepreg, piling up the prepreg, placing a metal foil one either one or both sides of the prepregs, and subjecting the resulting prepregs with metal foil to laminate molding by heat. The laminated sheet or metal foil-clad laminated sheet of this invention has not only excellent punchability but also excellent electric characteristics and heat resistance and hence, it is quite useful as a laminated sheet for high density printed wiring system.

Abstract: A security device is integrally combined with the fibres of the paper in a paper-making process. A carrier web of water-dispersible fibres carrying the security element is brought into contact with the paper stock during the paper-making process. The carrier web becomes rapidly dispersed upon contact with the wet stock leaving the security element firmly attached to the paper fibres in the stock. In one embodiment, the security element comprises a plastic diffraction grating structure. In a further embodiment, the carrier web comprises an open porous structure for enhancing intermixing with the paper stock.

Abstract: A resin modified asbestos diaphragm is prepared by diluting a heat curable polyvinylidene fluoride homopolymer resin latex containing no more than about 5% resin solids with an aqueous solution containing about 4% to 5% sodium hydroxide. From about 6 to about 11 parts of asbestos fibers are then slowly added to this alkaline resin latex solution for each part of resin solids contained therein with agitation to produce a clear aqueous slurry of resin coated asbestos fibers. To this slurry is then added an aqueous solution of 10% to 15% sodium hydroxide to swell the asbestos fibers. The resulting slurry is deposited on a screen to form a diaphragm which is carefully dried and cured at elevated temperatures to complete the polymerization of the polyvinylidene fluoride resin and form a bonded resin coated asbestos fiber product that is dimensionally stable. Such resin modified asbestos diaphragms may be used in electrolytic cells for electrolyzing alkali metal halide solutions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of diaphragms of fibrous potassium titanate and an organic binder for electrochemical cells and has as the object to develop such a method in such a direction that it allows the manufacture of diaphragms which are relatively thin but have, at the same time, a sufficient long-term chemical and mechanical stability at high operating temperatures. According to the invention, provision is made for this purpose to apply potassium titanate, together with polytetrafluoroethylene and a styrene-butadiene copolymer, from a suspension, to a screen with a mesh width between about 0.1 and 0.4 mm. The diaphragms made by the method according to the invention are suitable particularly as cover layers in fuel cells with an alkaline electrolyte.

Abstract: Thermoplastic dispersions of fluoropolymers are intimately mixed with an aqueous slurry of crocidolite asbestos at very low pH, the resulting aqueous slurry mixture is formed into diaphragms for use in a chlor-alkali electrolytic cell while being de-watered, and heat-bonded.

Abstract: An air-pervious sheet predominantly of polytetrafluoroethylene, the sheet being reinforced by being fused to a liquid-pervious reinforcing material layer which is capable of retaining its original form even when heated to a temperature of 270.degree. to 280.degree. C. The sheet preferably consists of a polytetrafluoroethylene fibrous powder having an average fiber length of 100 to 5,000 microns, an average shape factor of not less than 10, and an anisotropic expansion factor of 1.30 to 7.00 adhered by means of molten polytetrafluoroethylene having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.5 microns to a liquid-pervious reinforcing material layer which is capable of retaining its original form even when heated to a temperature of 270.degree. C. to 380.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing an asbestos diaphragm where alkali metal ions are provided within the fibrous asbestos diaphragm, the diaphragm is heated to form an alkali metal silicate layer on the asbestos fibers, and thereafter a further layer of asbestos is deposited on the diaphragm.