Abstract: This invention pertains to a laminate structure suitable for use as electrical insulation, comprising a first paper layer comprising 90 to 99 weight percent uniformly distributed calcined mica and 1 to 10 weight percent supporting material, a majority by weight of the supporting material being in the form of a floc; and a support layer comprising unidirectional filaments or unidirectional yarns or woven yarns; wherein the support layer is bound to the first paper layer; the laminate structure having a dielectric strength of 15 kV/mm or greater, a Gurley porosity of 400 seconds or less, and total mica content of 60 weight percent or greater. The laminate structure can further comprise a second paper layer bound to the support layer, the second paper layer comprising 90 to 99 weight percent uniformly distributed calcined mica and 1 to 10 weight percent supporting material, a majority by weight of the supporting material being in the form of a floc.

Abstract: A method of preparing pre-impregnated (pre-preg) material is provided. The method comprises treating a first surface of a backing with a corona discharge to enhance surface adhesion and applying the pre-preg material to the treated surface of the backing to form a pre-preg material with backing.

Abstract: The invention concerns a sheet material, characterized in that it incorporates at least one knitted structure. The invention also concerns a document and a base fabric comprising said sheet material, as well as a method for making said material. The invention further concerns a knitted structure comprising at least one authenticating and/or identifying element, as well as a method for authenticating and/or identifying a document or a knitted structure.

Abstract: The bearing comprises a metal backing, a sintered layer on said metal backing, and a lining layer infiltrated into pores of the sintered layer and standing proud thereof to provide a bearing surface. The lining layer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene including 2 to 10% by volume of fibrillated aramid fibres.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a bearing material, a bearing material and a bearing having the bearing material on a strong backing are described.

Abstract: A method for making a paper sheet comprising at least one region which is thinner than the rest of the sheet. According to the method, a first paper layer (3) is formed on a wire in a first wet end of a paper-making machine, a second paper layer (5) is formed on a wire in a second wet end of the paper-making machine, one of the two paper layers has a number of localized tinner regions (8) so that the thickness (e2) of said paper layers in said regions is up to 50% less than the thickness (et) of the rest of the sheet, and the two layers are joined together and dried. The resulting paper may be used in banknotes or checks.

Abstract: A smooth-textured non-woven, superabsorbent particle-impregnated fibrous structure is disclosed. The web exhibits an improved smooth surface texture. The structure contains from 50% to 80% of ion sensitive SAP having a particle size of less than 200 microns, wood pulp fibers and cellulose acetate fibers, each in preferred specified amounts indicated herein. The superabsorbent, ion sensitive polymer particle-impregnated fibrous structure is made from an aqueous, wet-lay process in which an aqueous furnish comprises solids of fibers and superabsorbent, ion sensitive polymer and dissolved salt, such as preferably, Na2SO4. The furnish is passed over a moving foraminous support, such as a Fourdrinier wire, and a wet web structure is formed, followed by drying.

Abstract: A process for treating a fibrous material which includes the steps of: 1) providing a liquid suspension composed of fibrous material; 2) intermixing the liquid suspension of fibrous material with a treatment over a time period T1—wherein the treatment requires a period of time TR sufficient to treat the fibrous material; 3) depositing the liquid suspension of fibrous material and intermixed treatment onto a forming surface to form a layer and removing a substantial portion of the liquid, over a perod of time T2; and 4) applying pressurized jets of a liquid to the layer of fibrous material to wash unused treatment from the fibrous material within a period of time T3. Periods of time T1, T2 and T3 are immediately consecutive and amount to a total period of time at least as great as TR.

Abstract: A method of making a nonwoven composite material. The method includes the steps of: providing a hydraulically entangled web containing a fibrous component and a nonwoven layer of substantially continuous filaments; applying a bonding material to at least one side of said web; and creping said at least one side of the hydraulically entangled web. The bonder material may be an aqueous mixture including a curable latex polymer, a pigment, and a cure promoter. Also disclosed is a nonwoven composite material made of a hydraulically entangled web including a fibrous component; a nonwoven layer of substantially continuous filaments; and regions containing bonder material covering at least a portion of at least one side of the composite material, wherein at least one side of the web has been creped.

Abstract: Fluorescent dichroic fibers randomly incorporated within a media provide an improved method for authentication and counterfeiting protection. The dichroism is provided by an alignment of fluorescent molecules along the length of the fibers. The fluorescent fibers provide an authentication mechanism of varying levels of capability. The authentication signature depends on four parameters; the x,y position, the dichroism and the local environment. The availability of so many non-deterministic variables makes production of counterfeit articles (e.g., currency, credit cards, etc.) essentially impossible. Counterfeit-resistant articles, an apparatus for authenticating articles, and a process for forming counterfeit-resistant media are also provided.

Abstract: A process for treating a fibrous material which includes the steps of: 1) providing a liquid suspension composed of fibrous material; 2) intermixing the liquid suspension of fibrous material with a treatment over a time period T.sub.1 --wherein the treatment requires a period of time T.sub.R sufficient to treat the fibrous material; 3) depositing the liquid suspension of fibrous material and intermixed treatment onto a forming surface to form a layer and removing a substantial portion of the liquid, over a period of time T.sub.2 ; and 4) applying pressurized jets of a liquid to the layer of fibrous material to wash unused treatment from the fibrous material within a period of time T.sub.3. Periods of time T.sub.1, T.sub.2 and T.sub.3 are immediately consecutive and amount to a total period of time at least as great as T.sub.R.

Abstract: Aramid sheet material and parts molded therefrom comprising m-aramid fibrids containing up to 10% by weight dyes that are thermally stable up to the glass transition temperature of the m-aramid polymer and p-aramid or m-aramid short fibers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing visible, preferably transparent or translucent, continuous streaks and/or delimited fields in paper in conjunction with forming a paper web in a paper machine. The method is characterized by essentially preventing dewatering of paper stock/paper fibres on one or more surfaces of a wire in the forming unit of a paper machine in conjunction with forming a paper web in the machine, and by applying a special stock that contains fibres which differ from the other fibre material deposited on the wire, optionally together with an arbitrary filler and/or binder. The invention also relates to a valuable document, such as a banknote, produced from the aforedescribed paper.

Abstract: Anti-falsification paper is provided in which a thread is exposed at window portions provided on the surface of the paper, and which does not produce any cockles even when wound up continuously in a roll and has good appearance in terms of design. This anti-falsification prevention paper is combination paper having at least two paper layers including an outermost layer and an inner layer. Window portions are formed in the outermost layer at intervals in a longitudinal direction of the paper. In the window portions there are formed watermarks of letters or pictures, and a thread inserted between the outermost layer and the other layer is exposed at these window portions. The ratio between the length (X) of the window portions in the longitudinal direction of the paper and the length (Y) in the same direction of non-window portions between the window portions is set at 3:1 to 1:2 to securely prevent the formation of cockles during the winding of paper.

Abstract: Nonwoven material produced by hydroentanglement of a wet-laid or foam-formed fibre web. The material comprises a mixture of short plant fibres, in particular pulp fibres, and long hydrophillic plant fibres, where the major portion of the fibres presents a fibre length which is at least 10 mm, whereby the portion of long fibres is at least 1 weight-% of the fibre weight. The fibres were mixed with each other in the presence of a dispersing agent which allows a uniform fibre formation, in a wet-laid or foam-formed fibre web which has been hydroentangled with sufficient energy to form a compact absorbing material.

Abstract: A process for treating a fibrous material which includes the steps of: 1) providing a liquid suspension composed of fibrous material; 2) intermixing the liquid suspension of fibrous material with a treatment over a time period T.sub.1 --wherein the treatment requires a period of time T.sub.R sufficient to treat the fibrous material; 3) depositing the liquid suspension of fibrous material and intermixed treatment onto a forming surface to form a layer and removing a substantial portion of the liquid, over a period of time T.sub.2 ; and 4) applying pressurized jets of a liquid to the layer of fibrous material to wash unused treatment from the fibrous material within a period of time T.sub.3. Periods of time T.sub.1, T.sub.2 and T.sub.3 are immediately consecutive and amount to a total period of time at least as great as T.sub.R.

Abstract: A composition for increasing the resistance of polyamide fibers or polyester fibers to oxidizing agents comprising an organosiloxane modified with amino groups, melamine formaldehyde resin, a catalyst for complexing the melamine formaldehyde resin and water. The composition is used by applying it to the fibers so the fibers absorb the composition, and then drying and curing the composition on the fibers. The composition is employed to treat a polyester or polyamide felt employed to convey wood pulp which is to be bleached, prior to paper making operations, treatment of the felt with the composition significantly lengthens the useful life of the felt, exposed to bleaching chemicals.

Abstract: A composition for increasing the resistance of polyamide fibers or polyester fibers to oxidizing agents comprising an organosiloxane modified with amino groups, melamine formaldehyde resin, a catalyst for complexing the melamine formaldehyde resin and water. The composition is used by applying it to the fibers so the fibers absorb the composition, and then drying and curing the composition on the fibers. The composition is employed to treat a polyester or polyamide felt employed to convey wood pulp which is to be bleached, prior to paper making operations, treatment of the felt with the composition significantly lengthens the useful life of the felt, exposed to bleaching chemicals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a paper of value having an embedded security element, preferably an optically variable element in the form of hologram, diffraction or interference structures applied to the paper surface, and to a method for producing such a paper of value. The paper of value is characterized by the fact that the optically variable element is embedded in the paper of value with the paper surface forming a plane that is even with the surface of the optically variable element.

Abstract: A high pulp content nonwoven composite fabric is disclosed. The composite fabric contains more than about 70 percent, by weight, pulp fibers which are hydraulically entangled into a continuous filament substrate. This high pulp content composite nonwoven fabric may be used as a heavy duty wiper or as a fluid distribution material, cover material, and/or absorbent material in an absorbent personal care product. Also disclosed is a method of making the high pulp content nonwoven composite fabric.

Abstract: A process for positioning rigid segments into a paper web being formed through a hybrid band and the resulting article of manufacture from this process. The positioning of the rigid segments with uniform predetermined separation between them and their uniform length provide a wavelength for the hybrid band with the consequent advantage for readily detecting its electromagnetic characteristics. The paper web is divided in continuous adjacent sheets that include each one matrix and surrounding margin areas. The web has one or more sheets across. The matrix includes a set of document areas therein that correspond to the resulting bank notes, or document areas, in the preferred application for this invention. Each resulting document area includes one or more rigid segments that is, or are, symmetrically positioned with respect to a longitudinal and central axis across said document areas.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lining textile and a method of manufacturing same.It comprises a woven or knitted textile support (1) and at least one non-woven layer (2).According to the invention, the non-woven layer or layers (2) are bonded to the knitted or woven textile support (1) by fluid jet needling.

Abstract: A bonded composite sheet comprising a layer of flash-spun polyethylene plexifilamentary film-fibril strand sheet in face-to-face contact with a layer of polyethylene synthetic pulp is highly suited for detailed printing thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed are flocced mineral materials which may be utilized to prepare high temperature resistant, water resistant articles. These materials are prepared by utilizing, as a starting material, a gellable layered swelled silicate that has an average charge per structural unit that ranges from about -0.4 to -1 and which contains interstitial cations which promote swelling with a source of at least one species of multi-amine derived cations.

Abstract: A process of forming a gasket with a minimal production of waste material is disclosed. A suitable fiber is mixed with a binder in water to form a fiber-binder aqueous mixture. The mixture is then deposited on a screen in a predetermined pattern to form a gasket preform with apertures in predetermined locations therein. The gasket preform is subsequently dewatered and cured. The gasket preform can be provided with differential thicknesses and preformed inserts to impart, respectively, selective control of the sealing capability of and reinforcement to the resulting gasket.

Abstract: Disclosed are fire-resistant paper-like materials. These materials are prepared by embedding a fabric in a layered inorganic silicate matrix that has an average charge per structural unit that ranges from about -0.4 to -1 and which contains at least some interstitial cations that are selected from the group consisting of guanidine and multiamine derived cations.

Abstract: Coherent expanded nonwoven sheets having a density of less than 0.16 g/mL are comprised of fibrids of a wholly synthetic polymer, preferably not melting below 130.degree. C., and optionally containing up to 80% by weight floc. The sheet is comprised of a plurality of paper-like membranous layers which join and separate at random throughout the thickness of the sheet to form expanded cells. The expanded nonwoven sheets are prepared by rapid vaporization of water in a wet, never-dried sheet of fibrids containing at least 60% by weight water. Rapid vaporization of the water preferably is induced by dielectric heating. Embossing may be used before or during expansion to produce a sheet which is expanded only in selected areas.

Abstract: The invention relates to particle boards, e.g. wood particle- or chipboards, for building purposes, which have been reinforced by means of glass fibre filaments or threads placed in the boards. The threads are laid to obtain increased rupture strength and increased resistance to punch-through of concentrated loads, and are fixed at given spacing in conjunction with the board manufacturing process. The method of reinforcing the boards during manufacture is also included by the invention.

Abstract: A sheet material such as paper is provided during manufacture with an elongate element partially disposed within the thickness of the paper sheet but exposed at spaced locations one one side of the sheet. The paper may be used in making security documents such as banknotes and checks.

Abstract: A security device is integrally combined with the fibres of the paper in a paper-making process. A carrier web of water-dispersible fibres carrying the security element is brought into contact with the paper stock during the paper-making process. The carrier web becomes rapidly dispersed upon contact with the wet stock leaving the security element firmly attached to the paper fibres in the stock. In one embodiment, the security element comprises a plastic diffraction grating structure. In a further embodiment, the carrier web comprises an open porous structure for enhancing intermixing with the paper stock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of diaphragms of fibrous potassium titanate and an organic binder for electrochemical cells and has as the object to develop such a method in such a direction that it allows the manufacture of diaphragms which are relatively thin but have, at the same time, a sufficient long-term chemical and mechanical stability at high operating temperatures. According to the invention, provision is made for this purpose to apply potassium titanate, together with polytetrafluoroethylene and a styrene-butadiene copolymer, from a suspension, to a screen with a mesh width between about 0.1 and 0.4 mm. The diaphragms made by the method according to the invention are suitable particularly as cover layers in fuel cells with an alkaline electrolyte.

Abstract: A machine and method of forming fiberglass mats. Chopped glass fibers are mixed with water in a slurry and a movable screen is passed, generally upwardly, through a slurry. As the screen is moved, its surface is uniformly coated with the glass fibers in a uniformly increasing depth, dependent upon the length of travel of the screen through the slurry. Longitudinally oriented and randomly oriented continuous strands are projected onto the fibers captured on the screen at different locations in order to provide the resultant mat with tear strength in all directions. The screen passes over a vacuum for removal of most of the water from the workpiece; subsequently, a binder is added to the workpiece and the continuous mat is passed through an oven for curing of the binder. The mat is then wound upon a spool for later transport to a location in which the mat can be processed into a final product.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composite, self-supporting, polyurethane foam sheet prepared by forming an aqueous dispersion of hydrophilic polyurethane foam particles with fibers to serve as a binder therefor, wet-layering the dispersion onto a supporting screen to form a sheet, and removing water from the sheet. If desired, a porous web, woven or non-woven, e.g. paper, cloth, etc., can be positioned on the screen with the dispersion being layered out onto the web to form a laminar composite structure. Whether in sheet form or as a laminar structure the product of the invention is formed rapidly and possesses a desirable soft or cushioning feel.

Abstract: A process of preparing an inside-to-outside flow filter tube, which process comprises dispersing a plurality of glass fibers in water to form a water slurry of the fibers, the glass fibers having a diameter range of from about 0.001 to 10 microns; forming a filter tube comprising a wet mat of the glass fibers from the water slurry on a cylidrical mandrel; during the forming of the wet mat of fibers into a filter tube, incorporating an open-scrim, reinforcing sheet material within the internal wall thickness of the wet mat of fibers forming the filter tube, the sheet material extending generally the length of the filter tube and at least about 11/2 revolutions of the filter tube diameter; drying the filter tube containing the scrim sheet material within the filter tube wall; bonding the dried filter tube with a bonding agent at the junction of the glass fiber crossover points and with and through the scrim sheet material; and recovering an integral filter tube having a high burst strength.

Abstract: A tufted nonwoven web material exhibiting high loft, bulk and absorbency is made by a papermaking technique using an apertured, plate-like, fiber collecting element having a structure appropriate to preventing entanglement between adjacent tufts prior to removal from the element. The tufted nonwoven fibrous web exhibits inwardly turned, spirally consolidated and entangled individual tuft head portions and substantially aligned and untwisted root portions interconnecting the head portion to the undisturbed planar main body of the web material.

Abstract: An air-pervious sheet predominantly of polytetrafluoroethylene, the sheet being reinforced by being fused to a liquid-pervious reinforcing material layer which is capable of retaining its original form even when heated to a temperature of 270.degree. to 280.degree. C. The sheet preferably consists of a polytetrafluoroethylene fibrous powder having an average fiber length of 100 to 5,000 microns, an average shape factor of not less than 10, and an anisotropic expansion factor of 1.30 to 7.00 adhered by means of molten polytetrafluoroethylene having an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.5 microns to a liquid-pervious reinforcing material layer which is capable of retaining its original form even when heated to a temperature of 270.degree. C. to 380.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention comprehends a machine for producing a composite laminate structure wherein one layer is a base material, such as a non-woven fabric, a second layer, interspersed with the first layer, is substantially a two dimensionally randomly oriented fiber layer. The fibers are bonded to the first layer by resin which is applied from underneath the first layer so as not to disturb the orientation of the fibers. Also comprehended is a method of making such a composite laminate structure.

Abstract: A tufted nonwoven web material exhibiting high loft, bulk and absorbency is made by a papermaking technique using an apertured, plate-like, fiber-collecting element having a structure appropriate to preventing entanglement between adjacent tufts prior to removal from the element. The apertured element is adapted not only to form the tufted nonwoven fibrous web but also to permit consolidation of individual tufts and facilitate the formation of tufted webs from 100 percent wood pulp. Additionally, webs having tufts on both planar surfaces also can be formed by this technique.