Abstract: A mated pair resilient and rigid embossing rolls are disclosed for achieving the advantages of conventional rubber to steel embossing, while avoiding the problems of conventional embossing approaches. In particular, a laser can be utilized to form recesses in a resilient roll such that the resilient roll receives protuberances of a rigid male embossing roll when the rolls are placed in contact. By providing recesses on the resilient roll, the pressure or force required for causing the rubber to flow around the protuberances can be significantly decreased as compared to conventional rubber to steel embossing. As a result, wear on the rolls is reduced, and smaller diameter rolls may be utilized, thereby reducing the cost of the embossing equipment. In addition, since less pressure is required to cause the rubber to flow about the protuberances, roll deflection is not a problem, and an embossed pattern can be imparted having a consistent, high degree of definition across the width of a web.

Abstract: A backside textured papermaking belt is disclosed which is comprised of a framework and a reinforcing structure. The framework has a first surface which defines the paper-contacting side of the belt, a second surface opposite the first surface, and conduits which extend between first and second surfaces of the belt. The first surface of the framework has a paper side network formed therein which defines the conduits. The second surface of the framework has a backside network with passageways that provide surface texture irregularities in the backside network. The papermaking belt is made by casting a photosensitive resinous material over and through the reinforcing structure while the reinforcing structure travels over a textured surface, and then exposing the photosensitive resinous material to light of an activating wavelength through a mask which has transparent and opaque regions.

Abstract: A sheet of fibrous web material having one textile-like surface and an opposite substantially smooth surface, a grain depth memory factor greater than 80, an apparent density in the range of about 4 to about 7 pound ream/caliper point in mils, a caliper (at a basis weight between about 50 and about 75 pounds/3000 square feet) greater than 0.008 inch, and a machine-direction sheet stretch of at least 5%.

Abstract: A sheet of fibrous web material having opposite smooth surfaces, an apparent bulk in the range of about 0.10 to about 0.20 caliper pts/lb ream and a machine direction stretch of at least 8%, wherein surface undulations on the opposite smooth surfaces of the sheet have an amplitude variance of less than 0.0002 inch. The dried web has an apparent bulk less than 0.20 caliper pts/lb ream.

Abstract: Bulky processed sheets which are obtained from mixtures of crosslinked pulp and hot water-soluble fibers, or crosslinked pulp, thermally fusible fibers and binders are described. The sheets may be embossed by hot pressing them in wet state and may be treated with flame retardants. The bulky sheets which may be embossed or treated with retardants have wide utility in various fields and especially as interior materials.

Abstract: A rolled paper embossing dispenser in which the paper is embossed and from which the paper is simultaneously dispensed. The dispenser includes a nip formed by a first embossing roll and a second embossing roll, both rotatably mounted within a cabinet. The first embossing roll has a plurality of spaced-apart annular bands with each annular band including discrete, spaced-apart knuckle projections extending radially from the roll. The second embossing roll includes annular slots and annular extensions arranged in alternating relationship with each annular slot having sufficient width to receive the knuckle projections without contacting any portion thereof as paper is fed through the nip and embossed. A lever or crank is provided for a user to rotationally drive one of the embossing rolls, the other embossing roll rotating only in response to the paper being drawn through the nip such that rotational slippage of one roll with respect to the other will not result in breaking or tearing the web.

Abstract: A method for simultaneously drying a moist fibrous web and imprinting a pattern in each side thereof by passing the web through the nip between a patterned heated roll and a pressing roll, on a carrier having a nonplanar imprinting surface.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel cellulosic web and a method for its manufacture. The web is fabricated of fibrous material and is characterized by one of its surfaces being nubby. Such web is formed by the deposition of fibers from an aqueous slurry onto the surface of a multiplex forming fabric defining pockets in one surface thereof, under conditions of flow and rate of water removal that establish high shear fluid flow and result in the orientation of fibers and/or fiber segments at an angle with respect to the plane of the forming fabric. The resultant web has a high apparent bulk and good absorbency and strength properties.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the production of a multi-ply sheet product in which separate non-woven fibrous webs are combined into a multi-ply sheet before embossment, embossed as a multi-ply sheet, embossed webs separated from one another and longitudinally displaced relative to one another, and then recombined into an embossed multi-ply sheet with the embossments out of register with one another. Prior to recombining the webs, the embossments on one of said web is smoothed out increasing the absorbency and softness if the web.

Abstract: Hand or wiper towels are made according to a process which includes the steps of: forming a furnish of cellulosic fibers; depositing the furnish on a traveling foraminous belt, thereby forming a fibrous web on top of the traveling foraminous belt; subjecting the fibrous web to non-compressive drying to remove the water from the fibrous web; and removing the dried fibrous web from the traveling foraminous belt. The dried fibrous web is not creped. These hand towels possess superior levels of absorbent capacity, absorbent rate, softness, and strength to other prior art hand or wiper towels with the same or about the same basis weight. Embossing of the hand or wiper towels enhances the superior qualities of the towels. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transfer of the fibrous web from a foraminous belt of a higher speed to a foraminous belt of a lower speed produces a towel with enhanced strength and softness.

Abstract: A pleated paper filter element is disclosed which is formed from a mechanically-treated filter paper (10') which has the side thereof opposite to the wire-side (12) mechanically teased so as to form thereon an open, textured layer (18) of raised fibers. The starting material used is a standard, commercially-available filter paper which is resin-impregnated with an uncured phenolic resin. The pleated paper filter element formed from the treated filter paper (10') displays, after the element has been heated to cure the resin, a substantial increase of up to 73.5% in the dust-holding capacity over a like element formed from the standard, commercially-available filter paper.

Abstract: A wet pulp of mineral fibers or the like is forced between a pulp carrier and a corrugated texturing skid inclined toward the downstream end of a moving slab of the pulp. The corrugations of the skid are co-directional with the machine direction of the conveyor belt that transports the pulp under and beyond the skid.

Abstract: The absorbent laminated sheet is composed of at least two plies (1.9), embossed, constituted essentially of cellulose fibers, bonded together at least partially by means of protruding elements relative to the surface of said plies and pointing inward to the sheet; it is characterized in that the protruding elements (101) are positioned essentially according to lines or combinations of lines reproducing spaced motifs (100), which recur indefinitely.Application as domestic or sanitary paper.

Abstract: Creped tissues having improved perceived softness and appearance are made from tissue webs having at least a machine direction broken line pattern of individual densified areas containing higher mass concentrations of fibers. The broken line pattern of densified areas creates a pleasing appearance and influences the creping to provide a more uniform crepe and hence improved tissue softness.

Abstract: A flexible, cushioning dunnage product producible on a converter mechanism from a roll of sheet-like stock material, such as biodegradable paper. As the stock material is pulled off the roll by the converter, the edges of the stock material are rolled inwardly to form pillow-like portions which are urged by the converter mechanism laterally inwardly with respect to one another into confronting abutting relation, with the pillow-like portions being then connected together along their engaged abutting sides by in the preferred embodiment, transversely extending coined sections extending transversely of the product and defining a generally central connecting portion running in a direction lengthwise of the product.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for the production of a multi-ply sheet product in which separate non-woven fibrous webs are combined into a multi-ply sheet before embossment, embossed as a multi-ply sheet, the embossed webs separated from one another and longitudinally displaced relative to one another, and then recombined into an embossed multi-ply sheet with the embossments out of register with one another. The resulting product exhibits enhanced softness and absorbence as compared with similar products comprising simultaneously embossed multi-ply webs.

Abstract: An embossed sanitary paper product and method of making such product. The paper is embossed to form in the paper a midplane and an array of bosses extending up and down from the formed midplane. Each upward extending boss is flanked on two sides, in each of two directions, by a downward extending boss, and in at least one of the two directions, the paper between an upward extending boss tip and an adjacent downward extending boss tip on one side has a higher strain than the paper between the upward extending boss tip and an adjacent downward extending boss tip on the opposite side. The forming of a higher strain region and a lower strain region on opposite sides of a boss can be accomplished by forming asymmetric bosses with each upward extending boss rotated 180.degree. about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the paper with respect to its adjacent downward extending bosses.

Abstract: Less porous, more abrasion-resistant nonwoven aramid sheets are made by expanding a smooth-surface, dried, wet-laid sheet of fibrids and fibers, which has fused, nonexpandable, densified regions, segmented by spaced interruptions of nonfused regions of the sheet structure, in a pattern which encloses expandable portions of the sheet structure. The re-wet sheet is heated dielectrically to expand the interior of the nondensified portions without substantially roughening or disrupting their surface skin.

Abstract: A bulky, embossed, fibrous web material having a basis weight in the range of 5 to 50 lbs./ream and geometric means tensile strength (TS) (kg/3" width), apparent bulk (AB) (cal. pts./lb. ream), and oil holding capacity (OH) (ml/gm fiber) substantially satisfying, in absolute values, the relationships (0.27 BW-1) TS>(0.17 BW-1), AB>[0.7-(TS.div.20)], and OH 0.063TS.sup.2 -1.13TS+8.6. The invention includes an apparatus and a method of manufacturing the product comprising wet pressing a fibrous web to about 30% to 50% solids, conveying the web to a transfer position proximate the three-dimensional surface of an embossing fabric moving at a speed less than that of the web at the transfer position, and applying a vacuum to the web through the embossing fabric to transfer and conform the web to the three-dimensional surface of the fabric, the vacuum magnitude being in the range of 1 to 20 inches Hg.

Abstract: A sheet of fibrous web material having opposite smooth surfaces, an apparent bulk in the range of about 0.10 to about 0.20 caliper pts/lb ream and a machine direction stretch of at least 8%, wherein surface undulations on the opposite smooth surfaces of the sheet have an amplitude variance of less than 0.0002 inch. The invention includes an apparatus and a method of manufacturing the product comprising partially dewatering a wet fibrous web to about 30% to 50% solids, conveying the web to a compression nip defined by a smooth-surfaced roll and a smooth-surfaced fabric material, moving the fabric material at a speed of about 10% to 20% less than the surface speed of the smooth-surfaced roll, compressing the web in the nip with a compression force of less than 15 lbs/linear inch, with an average pressure of less than about 50 psi in the compression nip, and drying the web. The dried web has an apparent bulk less than 0.20 caliper pts/lb ream.

Abstract: A method of embossing a sheet of non-woven fibrous web, e.g. toilet tissue, with a series of identical boss elements arranged in a uniform pattern in a manner to avoid nesting of the embossments and resulting non-uniform product rolls when the sheet is rolled onto a mandrel. The embossments are uniformly spaced in rows which in the longitudinal direction form an angle in the range of 15.degree. to 23.degree. relative to the edge of the sheet or roll and an angle in the range of 40.degree. to 57.degree. relative to the cross direction of the sheet or roll.

Abstract: A method of applying a "pseudo watermark" to paper, comprises the steps of preparing a paper containing a suitable amount of a thermally sensitive material, the presence of which renders the translucency of the paper variable by temperature change, and subsequently applying heat to a part of the surface of the paper in a manner to cause a region of the paper to become semi-translucent. Apparatus suitable for applying heat to the paper is also disclosed.

Abstract: Panels of composite wood material are formed in a wet process which includes depositing a layer of wet composite wood material in a mat on a press wire screen mesh and moving the screen mesh to carry the mat into a pressing position between a pair of spaced apart pressure plates having generally matching, contoured facing surfaces for shaping the outer face and a smoothly contoured back face of the panel. The back face of the panel is not flat and generally follows or matches the shape or contour of the outer face so that regions of high fiber stress and dense, brittle areas of high fiber compression are generally eliminated. The resulting finished panels having excellent machining qualities, more uniform surface coating absorption characteristics, more uniform thickness and less rapid moisture absorption properties, along with a lower tendency to check, crack or split.

Abstract: A material (1) in the form of sheets or a web is provided with a watermarklike pattern (12) in the form of a text, figure or similar identification mark visible or displayable in transmitted light by means of relieflike mechanical working off of material, for example grinding, milling etc., corresponding to the desired pattern (12).

Abstract: A repeating arrangement of embossments for roll material includes a first array of projections generally regularly spaced from one another and a second array of projections superimposed on the first array of projections with each projection of the second array extending longitudinally between two projections of the first array so as to minimize nesting of adjacent layers of material.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a non-asbestos corrugated sheet comprising forming into corrugated form an aqueous slurry of a mixture comprising, on a dry weight basis, 40-60% cement, 30-40% silica and 5-15% cellulose fibres, compressing said corrugated form so produced in a press to reduce its thickness and increase its density, removing said form from said press and submitting said form to autoclaving to cause reaction to occur between said cement and said silica to form a binder matrix. The aqueous slurry may include a moldability aid such as finely divided silica, and the corrugated forms are suitably compressed individually and then passed through a steam tunnel partially to harden them before autoclaving. In corrugated sheets formed are suitable for external cladding and roofing.

Abstract: Soft, absorbent paper webs and processes for making them. In the process, an aqueous dispersion of the papermaking fibers is formed into an embryonic web on a first foraminous member such as a Fourdinier wire. This embryonic web is associated with a second foraminous member known as a deflection member. The surface of the deflection member with which the embryonic web is associated has a macroscopic monoplanar, continuous, patterned network surface which defines within the deflection member a plurality of discrete, isolated deflection conduits. The papermaking fibers in the web are deflected into the deflection conduits and water is removed through the deflection conduits to form an intermediate web. Deflection begins no later than the time water removal through the deflection member begins. The intermediate web is dried and foreshortened as by creping. The paper web has a distinct continuous network region and a plurality of domes dispersed throughout the whole of the network region.

Abstract: Soft, absorbent paper webs and processes for making them. In the process, an aqueous dispersion of the papermaking fibers is formed into an embryonic web on a first foraminous member such as a Fourdinier wire. This embryonic web is associated with a second foraminous member known as a deflection member. The surface of the deflection member with which the embryonic web is associated has a macroscopic monoplanar, continuous, patterned network surface which defines within the deflection member a plurality of discrete, isolated deflection conduits. The papermaking fibers in the web are deflected into the deflection conduits and water is removed through the deflection conduits to form an intermediate web. Deflection begins no later than the time water removal through the deflection member begins. The intermediate web is dried and foreshortened as by creping. The paper web has a distinct continuous network region and a plurality of domes dispersed throughout the whole of the network region.

Abstract: A system for producing a bulky, soft and absorbent paper web wherein the web is directed through a first nip formed by two dewatering felts, a second nip formed between a dewatering felt and an imprinting fabric of a specified character, and a third nip formed between the imprinting fabric and creping surface.

Abstract: A water-absorbing sheet assembly comprises two sheets, at least one of which is a water-permeable sheet, and a polymeric absorbent inserted between said two sheets, wherein at least a part of said two sheets are pressed and bonded to each other.

Abstract: A system for producing a bulky, soft and absorbent paper web wherein the web is creped from a first creping surface, passes through a nip formed between a dewatering felt and imprinting fabric of a specified character and is applied to and creped from a second creping surface.

Abstract: In the manufacture of a multi-ply fibrous sheet structure, each of a pair of plies of fibrous web material is provided with a pattern of relatively deep, primary, spot embossments each adherent to the opposite ply and surrounded by a pattern of relatively shallow, secondary, non-adherent spot embossments.

Abstract: A bulky, soft and absorbent creped paper web is manufactured by supporting an uncompacted wet web of principally lignocellulosic fibers on an imprinting fabric having compaction elements, for example knuckles formed at the warp and weft crossover points of the filaments of an open mesh fabric. The imprinting fabric has a surface void volume of from about 15 cc/m.sup.2 to about 250 cc/m.sup.2, preferably from about 40 cc/m.sup.2 to about 150 cc/m.sup.2, and a compaction element contact area constituting from about 5% to about 50%, preferably from about 20% to about 35%, of the total surface of the imprinting fabric. The web is selectively mechanically dewatered or pre-dried by passing the web through a first compression nip formed between the imprinting fabric and a dewatering felt at a pressure in a range from about 20 pli to about 600 pli so that significant compacting of the web occurs in the vicinity of the compaction elements.

Abstract: A non-woven cellulose ester fibrous filter sheet material comprising cellulose ester staple fibers and cellulose ester fibrets which exhibits improved filtration properties and the method of its preparation.

Abstract: Permanently embossed, highly porous wallpapers are produced by preparing a sheet from a mixture of up to 90% by weight of cellulose fibers and at least 10% by weight of fibrils of at least one thermoplastic polymer, and subjecting the sheet, in any order, to the following operations:(a) embossing at a temperature lower than the softening temperature of the thermoplastic fiber; and(b) heating at a temperature equal to or higher than the softening temperature of the thermoplastic polymer.The term "fibrils" refers to elongated structures in the form of films or fibers of varying length comprised between about 1.0 mm and about 50 mm and the minor diameter or dimension of which is comprised between about 1.0 and 400 micron.

Abstract: The electrostatic recording material comprises an electroconductive transparent base sheet having a dielectric layer thereon. The base sheet is obtained by moistening a paper prepared from relatively lightly beaten pulp and then subjecting the moistened paper to a calendering treatment with the use of a heated embossing metal roll having a finely engraved surface with sharp reliefs.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for texturing, softening and building bulk into a non-woven fabric web, such as tissue or toweling paper, wherein the paper is passed through a plurality of nipped rolls while interposed between a pair of screens. In the preferred embodiment, each screen is comprised of metal and plastic shute and warp strands, respectively. The web is passed through a first texturing nip while wet and then dried before passing through subsequent nips to effect the texturing and softening of the web.

Abstract: Wet-laid paper having, when creped, improved bulk, softness, and flexibility; a relatively large cross-machine-direction to machine-direction stretch ratio; and improved burst to total tensile strength ratio. The paper is characterized by an array of uncompressed zones which are in staggered relation in both the machine direction and the cross-machine direction; and by having each uncompressed zone defined by a picket-like discontinuous lineament of compacted fibrous material. The invention also includes a process for making the paper through the use of an imprinting fabric which is configured to precipitate the requisite compacting of the picket-like lineaments prior to final drying and creping of the paper.

Abstract: Softness and bulk are imparted to untextured dry sanitary tissue sheet web by advancing it under ordinary support point tension through the nip of spaced grooved rotary texturing rolls having complementary partially interdigitated texturing ribs acting on both sides of the web with progressive wave-stretch texturing deformation of the web to release the hydrogen bonds between some of the fibers in the network of fibers in the web without breaking the fibers, and while maintaining the elasticity of the web.

Abstract: A matted transparent paper is obtained by moistening a paper prepared from relatively lightly beaten natural pulp and then subjecting the moistened paper to a calendering treatment with the use of a heated embossing metal roll having a finely engraved surface with sharp reliefs.

Abstract: Densified regions are formed in a low integrity dry-formed nonwoven fibrous web by embossing a front surface of the web with spaced-apart raised surfaces of an embossing roll. The web is embossed to the extent that the densified regions will transmit a treating fluid completely through their thickness to the front surface of the web while non-densified or high loft regions will not. Simultaneously with the embossing, treating fluid from a treating fluid conveying surface is applied to a rear surface of the web. The fluid migrates completely through the thickness of the web to the front surface in substantially only the densified regions of the web.The product of this invention is a dry-formed web having a basis weight in the range of about 0.5 oz./yds..sup.2 to about 8.0 oz./yds..sup.2. A surface of the web has an undulate profile including high loft regions and valley regions. The density of the web in the high loft regions is less than about 0.10 gr.

Abstract: A nonwoven, self-sustaining, absorbent fabric comprising a batt of randomly arranged, intermingled cellulosic fibers has a plurality of high loft, loosely compacted regions separated from each other by highly compressed regions. An adhesive material penetrates through the compressed regions to form bonded fiber networks extending completely through the batt, and said adhesive material only partially penetrates through said high loft regions whereby the fibers in the interiors of said high loft regions are unbonded by said adhesive so that said regions are highly absorbent. A method of manufacturing the above-described nonwoven fabric by moistening opposed surfaces of a loosely compacted, randomly oriented cellulosic fiber batt, embossing said moistened batt for providing a pattern in said surfaces, applying an adhesive to the patterned surfaces of the batt and setting said adhesive.

Abstract: Soft, absorbent, bulky paper web useful in tissue, towel, sanitary, and like products. The web is formed by supplying an aqueous furnish which includes thermomechanically defibrated pulp in admixture with chemically defibrated pulp to a foraminous surface such as a Fourdrinier wire, transferring the moist web to an imprinting fabric, thermally drying the web without mechanical compression to a consistency of from about 30 percent to about 98 percent, imprinting the pattern of the fabric into the thermally predried web, and finally drying the web. The resulting web has relatively high tensile strength at relatively low density. Also, the strength properties of the web are significantly improved if the thermomechanically defibrated pulp is made from wood chips which have been soaked in chemical solutions prior to defibrating and then treated with ozone after defibrating.

Abstract: Chitosan is used to improve the flat crush resistance of corrugating medium. A solution of chitosan in dilute acid is added to corrugating medium pulp containing at least about 0.05%, based on the dry fiber weight, of spent semichemical pulping liquor. The corrugating medium pulp is then formed into corrugating medium sheets, dried and manufactured into corrugating medium.

Abstract: A process is provided for producing novel convoluted, fiberized substantially nonfibrillated, cellulose fibers and novel sheet products from low moisture-content cellulose pulp, at a high through-put rate, which includes the application of contortive forces to a pulp mass under controlled operating conditions, wherein the feed rate, work space gap, and relative rate of movement of the working elements applying the contortive forces are correlated to maintain the work space filled with fibers under sufficient compression. Sheets made from these fibers exhibit excellent bulk, softness and absorbency properties, even when the formation process is conducted in an aqueous system, and even when substantial compacting forces are applied to the wet web processing.

Abstract: A system for treating paper webs and the like including a platen roller and a plurality of support rollers angularly spaced thereabout. At least one of the support rollers is an embossing roller cooperative with the platen roller to emboss a web advanced between the facing juxtaposed surfaces of the platen and embossing rollers. The platen roller is floatingly confined by the support rollers and has no rigidly fixed axis of rotation. Such platen roller is also hollow, including a cylindrical wall component defining a gaseous fluid pressurized chamber. The cylindrical wall component of the roller is of resilient construction and is inwardly depressible by the support rollers against the force of the gaseous pressure fluid acting outwardly thereagainst within the pressurized chamber. The web material to be treated is passed through the nips defined by one or more support rollers, including at least one embossment roller, and the platen roller.

Abstract: A low-density, soft, bulky and absorbent paper sheet exhibiting a diamond-shaped pattern in its surface after creping, said paper being characterized by having a cross-directional stretch of from about 2 to about 6 percent, as well as improved softness, surface feel and drape, said paper sheet being particularly suitable for use in tissue, toweling and sanitary products. The aforesaid paper sheets are produced by impressing a dot-dash knuckle pattern, wherein the long axis of the dash impressions is aligned parallel to the machine direction of papermaking, using the back side of a monofilament, polymeric fiber, semi-twill fabric of selected coarseness, the knuckle imprint area of which constitutes between about 20 and about 50 percent of the total fabric surface area, as measured in the plane of the knuckles, on an uncompacted paper web at selected fiber consistencies, induced by thermal predrying, prior to final drying and creping.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-nested, two-ply, absorbent fibrous sheet material consisting of two webs which each have a plurality of crests and depressions on its surface facing the other web. The crests on each web are positioned between the crests of the other web and are spaced from the depressions of the other web to leave spaces in the sheet material for increased absorbency and bulk. The two webs are joined together at locations intermediate the crests and depressions of at least one of the webs, preferably by mechanical welding in a manner which produces perforations in the sheet material. Also disclosed is the method and apparatus for making the two-ply sheet material.

Abstract: An elongated web of paper is treated to render it especially suitable for being gathered transversely and wrapped to make cigarette filters. The treatment includes passing the web through the bight between a pair of rotating rolls provided with intermeshing ribs that do not contact one another and which are arranged generally in planes parallel to their axis of rotation so that the paper is stretched longitudinally in successive transverse areas whereby the paper fibers are loosened and exposed in such areas without complete destruction of the longitudinal continuity of the web.