Abstract: The stiffness of multi-ply paper and board products is increased by dewatering the base ply on the papermaking machine to a consistency of at least about 8% prior to application of the next ply. The desired laminating consistency is more readily achieved through the use of pulp which has been subjected to a heat treatment process comprising heating the pulp at a temperature in the range of 170.degree. C. to 250.degree. in the presence of water for at least about 0.1 minutes, which reduces the water retention valve of the pulp. The heat treated pulp also produces a stiffer multi-ply product in its own right, which augments the stiffness advantage connected with attainment of higher laminating consistencies.

Abstract: The sidestream smoke associated with a cigarette or cigarette-like smoking article is reduced by wrapping the tobacco in a single sheet of paper having multiple layers.

Abstract: Soft paper from cellulose fibres is manufactured by wet-forming a first fibre layer. Thereafter air-borne dry fibres are deposited directly on one or both sides of the wet-formed layer while this is still wet, so that a second and possibly a third fibre layer are formed on the first one. Fibre bindings thereby arise between the layers. The wet-formed fibre layer gives the soft paper its strength, while the dry-formed fibers give a soft surface.

Abstract: A method of producing multi-ply paper product, such as linerboard. A pulp stock of reclaimed, white office waste paper which contains fillers, such as clay and calcium carbonate, toners and ink is applied as a top ply to a base ply of Kraft pulp stock. Both pulp stocks have a pH in the range of 6.0 to 8.0. A dry strength additive, such as cooked starch, is incorporated in the plies and serves to improve the internal strength of the top ply, as well as improving the bond between the plies.

Abstract: A multi-ply paper product, such as linerboard, composed of a base ply of Kraft pulp and a top ply of reclaimed, white office waste paper which contains fillers, such as clay and calcium carbonate, toners and ink. A dry strength additive, such as cooked starch, is incorporated in the plies and serves to improve the internal strength of the top ply, as well as improving the bond between the plies.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is agricultural paper to be made into pots for raising seedlings. It is made up of a first layer made chiefly of natural pulp and a second layer made of synthetic fibers having a basis weight of 3-15 g/m.sup.2, said first layer and second layer being joined to each other by the wet papermaking process which intertwines the fibers of the two layers at their joining interface. The second layer is formed by fusion bonding composite synthetic fibers of polymers having different plasticizing temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multilayer fibrous material suitable for use as an EMI and RFI shielding packaging material and a process for producing the same comprising first and second outer layers formed of paper or paperboard and an inner layer formed of paper or paperboard containing conductive carbon. The invention also provides a method of providing antistatic properties to the packaging material.

Abstract: Water setting paper (high water-absorbency material) comprised of pulp fiber, water-soluble resin and high wate-absorbency resin is produced in sheet form for use in urine containers or portable toilets. Water setting paper or the high water-absorbency sheet thus formed absorbs and solidifies the urine, allowing the urine to be disposed of easily, rapidly and hygienically.

Abstract: The present invention resides in an envelope type separator for a storage battery and the manufacturing process thereof. The separator sheet is comprised of a first, microporous paper layer made of an inorganic powder material, a synthetic organic fiber material and an organic binder, and a second, coarse paper layer made of a synthetic organic fiber material and an organic binder, but no inorganic powder material, these layers being bound together by heating. The resultant separator sheet of combination paper type is then formed so that the mutually inward surfaces of the coarse paper layer are brought into contact with each other and are made to adhere to each other, preferably at the edges, by thermal fusion, so that the separator sheet is formed into the shape of an envelope process for making an envelope type separator sheet is also described.

Abstract: In order to achieve a sanitary paper web having high bulk, bulk softness and surface softness it is proposed according to the invention that said web contains expanded microspheres (11) of thermoplastic material in an amount of from 1 to 10% based on the weight of the dry web.

Abstract: A multi-ply, fibrous material-based, conductive structure, and a method of making such a structure, which comprises as an integral structural member thereof at least one ply having an integral, continuous, uninterrupted, electroconductive barrier capable of intercepting and dissipating any electrostatic charges or discharges coming into contact with the structure. The ply provided with the electroconductive barrier can, during manufacture, be preselectively positioned with relation to the other, non-conductive plies comprising the structure to meet the specific performance demands of a user of the structure.

Abstract: Essentially isotropic metallizable polymeric substrates having very low coefficients of thermal expansion are well adopted for printed circuits, are facilely prepared by papermaking technique and hot pressing, and are comprised of a fibrous polymer matrix, advantageously an aramide non-woven batt, bonded together with a cured imido prepolymer, and include particulate filler material, advantageously electrically insulating metal oxide particles, distributed therethrough.

Abstract: This invention relates to a security paper document incorporating counterfeit deterrent, optical variable devices that display their optically active properties in reflectance when there are changes in the angle of incodent light with respect to the eye of the viewer. The devices are applied by means of a carrier paper and a base web format during the papermaking process. An embedment roll presses the device within the base web while the base web fibers are unconsolidated and pliable.

Abstract: A security with a paper substrate which exhibits identifying marks in the form of color patterns. The color patterns are arranged in the substance of the paper substrate in such a manner that the normal structure of the fibres in the substance of the paper layer is not disturbed by the color patterns. In the manufacture of the security, the color pattern is sprayed on to the not yet completely finished non-woven fibre during the formation of the paper sheet, and is preferably sprayed on to a non-woven fibre which is then united to a second non-woven fibre.

Abstract: A conventional Oliver board forming machine is provided with a second trough which places a second slurry of fibrous material on the Oliver roll to form a board structure of two separate distinct layers.The second trough has an inclined chute forming the side of the trough adjacent the Oliver roll. The chute is pivoted at one end to the second trough and its opposite end rests against the top surface of the fiber deposition on the circumference of the Oliver roll.

Abstract: A wet-felted mat of wood fibers is acetylated by coating the mat with a quantity of acetic anhydride ranging from 5 to 70% by volume of the mat and heating the mat at a temperature of from 150.degree. to 300.degree. F. while confining substantially all of the acetic anhydride within the mat for about 20 to 120 minutes. The acetylated mat is pressed into hardboard which may be bent into a variety of loops, spirals, helices, and other curvilinear shapes to make articles of furniture, protective packaging products and the like.

Abstract: A wet-felted mat of wood fibers is acetylated by coating the mat with a quantity of acetic anhydride ranging from 5 to 70% by volume of the mat and heating the mat at a temperature of from 150.degree. to 300.degree. F. while confining substantially all of the acetic anhydride within the mat for about 20 to 120 minutes. The acetylated mat is pressed into hardboard which may be bent into a variety of loops, spirals, helices, and other curvilinear shapes to make articles of furniture, protective packaging products and the like.

Abstract: A laminated composite comprising a web of heat-resistant base material having a sufficient structural strength and a web of tiny mica flakes laid on said web of base material by multilayer-paper making. This composite can be manufactured with good operational efficiency, is improved in mica retention and is excellent in varnish-impregnability, heat-resistance, mechanical strengths and electric insulation.

Abstract: An electrical insulating material composed of a mica flake layer and a heat resistant base material layer is prepared by superposing the mica flake sheet containing at most 9% by weight of pulp-like particles of a heat resistant polymer based thereon on the heat resistant base material sheet, both of which sheets being dried, and heating them under pressure. The electrical insulating material has excellent in structural strength, varnish-impregnability, and is resist to pealing off of the mica flakes.

Abstract: Multi-ply web forming stock jets directed through a slice from a single headbox into a forming zone between converging forming surfaces in a papermaking machine are maintained separated for a sufficient interval after leaving the slice opening to permit drainage and partial ply formation of the stock delivered by one of the stock jets to one of the forming surfaces before the stock in a second of the stock jets joins in fiber felting laminar relation with the contiguous surface of the partially formed ply. Flexible divider sheet members divide the slice chamber of a headbox into separate flow passages aligned respectively with different ones of headbox subchambers to receive streams of the stock from the respective subchambers and maintain the streams separated, and the flexible members extend a substantial distance out of the slice opening in the direction of flow of the stock jets to maintain stock jets separated for a sufficient interval after leaving the slice opening.

Abstract: Sanitary tissue products which are laminates formed from two dissimilar paper webs. When a web of low density, high bulk process paper is united with a web of conventional paper, a product possessing absorbency softness, flexibility, and bulk properties similar to those of a product comprising two webs of the low density, high bulk process paper is produced. Variations taught by the invention include the use of two paper webs having different creping characteristics to form the laminated sanitary tissue. The teachings of the invention can be extended to other products such as paper towels.

Abstract: At least one channel in a multi-channel paper machine distributor is maintained in flow velocity slave relation to another of the channels by monitoring the velocity with a pressure transducer of stock flow through the latter channel and by such monitoring controlling the stock velocity in the slave channel.

Abstract: The discharge pipes of a plurality of stock pumps, each supplying a separate concentrated stock slurry, are connected with a pipe containing comparatively dilute stock, commonly called "white water", discharged under pressure from a single fan pump on a single white water silo to supply separate slurries to separate chambers of a multi-ply web forming machine. The stock pumps have smaller capacities and pressure heads compared with a fan pump, thereby providing increased efficiency at required capacity with the minimum of equipment.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for continuously producing a dense board of cement-like material reinforced by glass fiber, which comprises (1) preparing a slurry of cement-like material; (2) simultaneously spraying the cement-like slurry and short lengths of glass fiber on a suction conveyor in such a manner that the cement-like slurry stream and the glass fiber stream intersect on the suction conveyor to form a dense mat of an intimate mixture of the two; and (3) dehydrating the mat by pulse-like intermittent suction using one or more suction boxes before the cement-like material begins to set, and to an apparatus used in carrying out the process.