Abstract: The present invention relates to a soft, thick, single-ply, absorbent paper in the form of a bathroom tissue, facial tissue, or napkin wherein the cellulosic fibers incorporated in the furnish comprise: (a) at least 20 percent by weight of the fibers in the web have a coarseness exceeding 23 mg/100 m; (b) at least about 20 percent by weight of the fibers in the web have a coarseness of less than about 1.2 mg/100 m; and (c) the weight average coarseness to length ratio of the fibers in the web is less than about 8.5 mg/100 m/mm having a serpentine configuration and to a process for the manufacture of such absorbent paper having a basis weight of about 15 lbs. per 3000 square foot ream and having low sidedness, said tissue exhibiting:a specific total tensile strength of between 40 and 200 grams per 3 inches per pound per 3000 square foot ream, a cross direction specific wet tensile strength of between 2.75 and 20.

Abstract: Additives for addition to starting materials in cellulose based products for imparting strength and crepe. Additives for use in paper production which impart strength to the product and which can be used in creping adhesives. Enzyme activated resins for use in paper production. Enzyme-activated adhesives for use in paper production. Paper products comprising the aforementioned additives or resins. Methods for imparting strength or crepe to paper products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a soft, thick, single-ply tissue and to a process for the manufacture of such tissue product having a basis weight of at least about 15 lbs./3,000 square foot ream and having low sidedness, said tissue exhibiting:a specific total tensile strength of between 40 and 75 grams per 3 inches per pound per 3000 square feet ream, a cross direction specific wet tensile strength of between 2.75 and 7.5 grams per 3 inches per pound per 3000 square feet ream, the ratio of MD tensile to CD tensile of between 1.25 and 2.75, a specific geometric mean tensile stiffness of between 0.5 and 1.2 grams per inch per percent strain per pound per 3000 square feet ream, a friction deviation of less than 0.225, and a sidedness parameter of less than 0.275.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a soft, thick, single-ply tissue and to a process for the manufacture of such tissue product having a basis weight of at least about 15 lbs./3,000 square foot ream and having low sidedness, said tissue exhibiting:a specific total tensile strength of between 40 and 75 grams per 3 inches per pound per 3000 square feet ream, a cross direction specific wet tensile strength of between 2.75 and 7.5 grams per 3 inches per pound per 3000 square feet ream, the ratio of MD tensile to CD tensile of between 1.25 and 2.75, a specific geometric mean tensile stiffness of between 0.5 and 1.2 grams per inch per percent strain per pound per 3000 square feet ream, a friction deviation of less than 0.225, and a sidedness parameter of less than 0.275.

Abstract: A method for increasing retention and drainage of filling components in a paper making furnish in a paper making process comprising the steps of: making a slurry of filling components, treating the slurry with from about 0.003% to about 2.0% by weight based on total solids of a phenolic enhancer to form a pretreated filling components slurry, adding to the furnish the pretreated slurry and adding to the furnish from about 0.003 to about 0.5% by weight based on total solids in the slurry of a polymeric flocculent, whereby retention and drainage of filling components in the paper making furnish is increased. A preferred enhancer is a condensate of phenol and formaldehyde and preferred flocculants contain acrylamide, methacrylamide, and/or N-vinylformamide.

Abstract: A product obtained by reacting a sulfonated amino resin and an amino group-containing substance in a weight ratio of from 1:0.05 to 1:3.

Abstract: An improved friction material may be made having reinforcing fibers aligned generally perpendicular to the friction surface of said material by forming a paper of fibrous friction materials such that the fibers in the paper are aligned closely to the longitudinal axis of the paper and then folding or cutting the paper into pleats or strips such that the pleats or strips are bonded together with the edges defining the friction surface of the friction body and the fibers perpendicular to that surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the production of paper and an adjuvant composition comprising the following ingredients: 30 to 80% by weight of phenolic resin or modified phenolic resin; 10 to 50% by weight of melamine resin; and 5 to 35% by weight of at least one naphthalene sulphonate salt. The ingredients are under granulated form or dissolved in an aqueous solution. The method comprises the step of admixing the adjuvant composition with a solution of one or several polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight varying from 1.times.10.sup.6 to 13.times.10.sup.6 and with an aqueous mixture comprising lignocellulosic particles and an aqueous medium to significantly improve the retention of particles such as fines and fibers, on a wire screen and the drainage of the aqueous medium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for making a paper based product which comprises a paper sheet, an aqueous latex binder and a release agent comprised of an emulsion of lecithin and a fatty acid or derivative thereof. In one embodiment, the process comprises first preparing a slurry of a cellulosic pulp and a polymeric latex binder, and then breaking the stability of the latex so that the polymer particles of the latex are able to be deposited on the fibers of the cellulosic pulp. An emulsion comprised of lecithin and a fatty acid or derivative thereof is added during the process. The addition can be to the slurry, or to the web which is formed when the slurry is drained of liquid. The web is then dried to provide the paper based product. In a preferred embodiment, a slurry of cellulosic pulp is first drained of liquid to form a web, with the polymeric latex binder and emulsion being applied to the web prior to drying.

Abstract: A process is dislcosed for recovering chips and fibers from residues of ter-derived materials, old pieces of furniture, production residues, water and other timber-containing materials glued with urea-formaldehyde binders or other binders capable of being hydrolysed or chemically disintegrated by disintegrating the timber-derived materials at a high temperature. In a first step of the process, the residues of timber-derived materials are impregnated with an impregnating solution and previously swollen until they have absorbed at least 50% of their own weight of impregnating solution. In a second step, the thus impregnated residues of timber-derived materials are heated up to 80.degree. C. to 120.degree. C. The thus disintegrated residues of timber-derived materials are then sorted by sieving and/or wind screening. The residues of timber-derived material have edges of at least 10 to 20 cm length.

Abstract: Provided is a process for making a paper based product which comprises first preparing a slurry of a cellulosic pulp, a particulate binder, and an emulsion comprised of lecithin and a fatty acid or derivative thereof. This slurry is then drained of liquid to form a web, with the web being dried to provide the paper based product. The preferred polymeric binder is a hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol powder, which binder can be present in the final dried product in amounts of up to about 20 weight percent or more. The use of the emulsion comprised of lecithin and a fatty acid or derivative thereof permits a web containing such a high amount of sticky polymeric binder to be dried at high temperatures, without the web sticking to the drying cans generally used in commercial processes. The process of the present invention thereby permits one to efficiently prepare such a paper based product using conventional, commercial papermaking machinery.

Abstract: Filled paper is made by adding a cationising amount of cationic polymer to precipitated calcium carbonate or other filler either as a slurry or in a thick stock component, producing a thin stock containing the cationised filler and then treating the thin stock with a formaldehyde resin and polyethylene oxide as a retention system prior to drainage and drying.

Abstract: During the manufacture of paper from a cellulosic suspension, retention is improved by adding to the suspension a water soluble cationic polymer containing 0.1 to 15 mole % cationic monomer groups and having an intrinsic viscosity of at least 4 dl/g and then adding a substantially water soluble formaldehyde condensate resin. This resin is preferably a phenol sulphone formaldehyde resin. Preferred phenol sulphone formaldehyde resins are materials wherein at last 70 mole % of the recurring groups are dihydroxyl phenyl sulphone groups free of sulphonic acid groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improvement in the art of making saturating kraft paper. In particular, the invention relates to a method for enhancing the fire-retardancy of saturating kraft paper containing alumina trihydrate and phenolic resin by including sodium borate into the paper. The improved saturating kraft is particularly useful in the production of fire-retardant high-pressure laminated materials.

Abstract: An improved-strength, polymer-reinforced paper which includes fibers, of which at least about 30 percent on a dry weight basis are eucalyptus fibers; and from about 15 to about 60 percent by weight, based on the dry weight of the fibers, of a latex binder.

Abstract: An improved-strength, polymer-reinforced paper which includes fibers, of which at least about 30 percent on a dry weight basis are eucalyptus fibers; and from about 15 to about 60 percent by weight, based on the dry weight of the fibers, of a latex binder.

Abstract: According to the invention, a process of making paper comprises forming a cellulosic suspension, adding retention aid to the suspension, draining the suspension through a screen to form a sheet, and drying the sheet and in this process we add to the suspension a retention system comprising polyethylene oxide and a greater amount (dry weight) of a phenolsulphone-formaldehyde resin (PSR resin) consisting essentially of recurring units of the formula--CH.sub.2 --X--wherein (a) 10 to 100% of the groups X are di(hydroxyphenyl) sulphone groups, (b) 0 to 90% of the groups X are selected from hydroxy phenyl sulphonic acid groups (i.e., groups which contain at least one hydroxy-substituted phenyl ring and at least one sulphonic group) and naphthalene sulphonic acid groups and (c) 0 to 10% of the groups X are other aromatic groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the process of making a non-asbestos friction material comprising a phenolic or phenolic-modified resin (and in certain embodiments, silicon nitride particles) incorporated into a fibrous base material which is then impregnated with a silicone resin. The friction material is prepared by mixing the phenolic or phenolic-modified resin (and, in certain embodiments, silicon nitride particles) into an aqueous paper formulation, forming a porous fibrous base material, impregnating the fibrous base material with a silicone resin, and heating the impregnated material to cure the phenolic resin and the silicone resin.

Abstract: First pass filler retention is obtained by adding a cationic fixative into a filler containing pulp slurry which is also treated using the conventional polyethylene oxide/promoter retention system and as a result a significant increase in the first pass retention of filler is attained.

Abstract: Provided is a process for making a paper based product which comprises first preparing a slurry of a cellulosic pulp, a particulate binder, and an emulsion comprised of lecithin and a fatty acid or derivative thereof. This slurry is then drained of liquid to form a web, with the web being dried to provide the paper based product. The preferred polymeric binder is a hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol powder, which binder can be present in the final dried product in amounts of up to about 20 weight percent or more. The use of the emulsion comprised of lecithin and a fatty acid or derivative thereof permits a web containing such a high amount of sticky polymeric binder to be dried at high temperatures, without the web sticking to the drying cans generally used in commercial processes. The process of the present invention thereby permits one to efficiently prepare such a paper based product using conventional, commercial papermaking machinery.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for modifying lignocellulosic materials by a chemical treatment comprising treating the material sequentially or simultaneously with phthalic anhydride and a thermosetting resin at elevated temperature, and finally heat lignocellulosic material so produced can be formed into shapes or molds having excellent dimensional stability.

Abstract: A multi-ply, wet-strength, removable label or coupon for packages intended for retail use, particularly suitable for items where refrigeration and/or condensation is a condition of the product life cycle. The coupon structure includes a base ply formed of moisture resistant, wet-strength paper with printable or coatable upper and under sides. The base ply is adhered to a removable top ply with a combination of bonding agents and release coatings. The top ply may also be moisture resistant. The coupon structure is preferably supplied in a cut-sheet format for convenient use and storage.

Abstract: Provided is a process for making a paper based product which comprises first preparing a slurry of a cellulosic pulp, a particulate binder substantially insoluble in water, and an emulsion comprised of lecithin and a fatty acid or derivative thereof. This slurry is then drained of liquid to form a web, with the web being dried to provide the paper based product. The preferred polymeric binder is a hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol powder, which binder can be present in the final dried product in amounts of up to about 20 weight percent or more. The use of the emulsion comprised of lecithin and a fatty acid or derivative thereof permits a web containing such a high amount of sticky polymeric binder to be dried at high temperatures, without the web sticking to the drying cans generally used in commercial processes. The process of the present invention thereby permits one to efficiently prepare such a paper based product using conventional, commercial papermaking machinery.

Abstract: A process for producing an inorganic fiber-based prepreg sheet, which comprises preparing a slurry containing 35-80% by weight of a phenolic resin powder of 0.01-100 .mu.m in average particle diameter, 65-20% by weight of an inorganic fiber (the amounts are based on the total amount of the two) and a nonionic high-molecular fixing agent, making the slurry into a sheet in the same manner as in the paper making, and allowing the sheet to contain a silane coupling agent; and a process for producing an insulating laminate, which comprises laminating a prepreg sheet produced by the above process.

Abstract: A forgery proof safety paper comprises, on its surface and/or in the body of a paper substrate, at least one compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is H or OH, and R.sub.2 is H, COOH, CHO, COR, COOR or alkyl, R being a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon chain.

Abstract: A pleated paper filter element is disclosed which is formed from a mechanically-treated filter paper (10') which has the side thereof opposite to the wire-side (12) mechanically teased so as to form thereon an open, textured layer (18) of raised fibers. The starting material used is a standard, commercially-available filter paper which is resin-impregnated with an uncured phenolic resin. The pleated paper filter element formed from the treated filter paper (10') displays, after the element has been heated to cure the resin, a substantial increase of up to 73.5% in the dust-holding capacity over a like element formed from the standard, commercially-available filter paper.

Abstract: A shaped product comprising exploded bark. Preferably the shaped product comprises exploded softwood bark having at least 23% cellulose and at least 18% lignin and polyphenols content, based upon the dry weight basis of the bark. One of the methods to make the shaped product comprises exploding softwood bark to obtain exploded softwood bark having at least 23% cellulose and at least 18% lignin and polyphenols content, compressing that exploded bark into a shaped product, while removing in part water, and drying the shaped product to remove the remaining water.

Abstract: Substrate composites, well adopted for the production of metallized printed circuits and facilely prepared by, e.g., papermaking procedures, include a central core layer comprising fibrous cellulosic material or flaked mica within a matrix of a thermosetting resin binder, said central core element having coextensively laminated to at least one of the face surfaces thereof, a lamina of a thermosetting resin comprising non-conductive metal oxide filler material distributed therethrough, and said metal oxide being borohydride reduceable and reactive to form unstable metal hydride intermediates.

Abstract: There is provided a composite sheet material for fabrication of storage envelopes for magnetic recording media, e.g., floppy diskettes. The material has a low debris count, and a fast rate of static decay as well as high stiffness and strength.

Abstract: Paper, board and cardboard are produced by draining a pulp slurry in the presence of high molecular weight, water-soluble polymers of N-vinylamides as drainage aids, retention agents and flocculants. These polymers are particularly effective in a pulp slurry which has a high content of interfering substances and other phenolic compounds.

Abstract: An air permeable sheet-like structure comprising 20% to 60% by weight of reinforcing fibers having a high modulus of elasticity (as herein defined), and being between about 7 and about 50 millimeters long, and 40% to 80% by weight of wholly or substantially unconsolidated particulate plastics material, and in which the fibrous and plastics components are bonded into an air permeable structure.

Abstract: A novel economical hardboard is provided which comprises (a) about 1-40 wt % of a porous additive having a particle size in the range of about 0.1-2 mm; (b) about 65-97 wt % of cellulose fibers; (c) about 2-5 wt % binder; and (d) about 1-4 wt % wax. Also provided is an efficient economical process for the production of the above described inventive hardboard comprising the steps of formulating an aqueous mixture of the above ingredients, then dewatering the aqueous mixture, and finally heating the mixture at a temperature and time sufficient to cure the binder.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a novel and highly superior filter media formed of random-laid, lignin-containing fibers, and to a process for manufacture of the filter media. The process involves selection of lignin-containing fiber source, having a lignin content of at least about 10% and thermomechanically pulping the fiber source under temperature/pressure conditions of 300.degree. F.-350.degree. F./50 psig-120 psig and a refiner energy utilization of about 8-35 HPD/ADT. The thermomechanically produced fibers are characterized by a high degree of stiffness, and an extremely smooth surface free of fine fibril formation and thus substantially non-self-bonding. An improved filter media is formed by a random lay-up of the lignin-containing fibers, typically with selected other pulp fibers having technical characteristics suitable for filter media utilization.

Abstract: Non-aqueous solvents are removed from a substrate, e.g., paper, by contacting the substrate with a condensable, vaporous heat transfer medium that is in a superheated state, e.g., superheated steam, and maintaining said substrate in contact with said superheated heat transfer medium, while also maintaining said heat transfer medium in superheated state, for a period of time sufficient to effect removal of said non-aqueous liquid from said substrate without concomitant condensation of said superheated heat transfer medium thereon. The superheated heat transfer medium, as well as being the source of energy for evaporating the solvent, acts as a solvent vapor transport medium. Upon evaporation of the solvent, the solvent vapor-heat transfer medium mixture can be sent to a recovery zone to easily recover said solvent via condensation of the mixture and thereby avoid the discharge of said solvent vapors into the atmosphere.

Abstract: The production of hardboard by the wet press process is speeded up by the incorporation of finely divided fibers in an aqueous slurry of otherwise fast draining wood fibers and a thermosetting binder so that a barrier of said fine fibers is formed during hot pressing of the mat and steam pressure is built up in the mat. The high pressure permits a curing temperature of from about 300.degree. F. to about 350.degree. F. in the core of the mat and a concomitant acceleration of the cure of the binder.

Abstract: A waferboard having at least one surface rendered water resistant and stabilized against wafer loss is disclosed. In the past heavy paper overlays have been used on panel surfaces. However, these paper overlays are specially treated non-porous paper and generally have to be specially applied by the addition of a glue. The waferboard of the present invention is formed of wood wafers bonded together in a hot press with adhesive resin and wax, and having a layer of porous paper bonded in the hot press to at least one surface of the waferboard. In one embodiment, the contours of the wood wafers on the surface of the waferboard are transmitted through the layer of porous paper.

Abstract: A curable resin, e.g., a phenol-aldehyde resin, of a resin impregnated cellulosic substrate, e.g., paper, is cured by contacting said substrate with high temperature steam in a continuous superheated state. The resulting product exhibits superior physical properties, e.g., improved wet properties such as boiled tensile strength.

Abstract: A high temperature resistant compressible sheet material has a thickness of 0.001 to 1 inch and includes a crosslinked elastomer as a binder and high temperature staple fibers. A major amount of a particulate filler which has been chemically modified to coreact with the crosslinked elastomer is incorporated into the sheet material. The binder preferably has incorporated therein an addition polymerized silane coupling agent. The sheet material is fabricated according to papermaking techniques. The sheet material is useful in the fabrication of gasketing and in heat shields.

Abstract: An improved process for forming a friction material having metal fibers evenly dispersed in the body of the material. The raw materials for production of the friction material are dispersed in an aqueous slurry. The slurry is formed into a sheet. This sheet is subsequently cured and cut to form brake pads and related friction materials.

Abstract: A versatile process and apparatus is presented for producing, in high yields, many different grades of pulp from a single wood specie or for pulping any specie or type of woody material, and for storage and recycling of the by-product liquid and gaseous materials. The process of this invention is virtually pollution free, and the reactant chemicals are recoverable from the by-products. In the alternative, the by-products themselves have a commercial value which may forestall recovery of the reactants. The lignin constituent extracted from the pulp is usable as a resin binder, a wood rehardening agent, or a glue.

Abstract: This relates to the manufacture of wet process hardboard. The invention involves supplying additional heat curable resin to the mid-thickness regions of the panel by injecting additional resin into the moving mat as it is being formed on a forming surface. The region of injection of the resin is selected so that the bottom of the partially formed mat is sufficiently consolidated to resist the passage of resin therethrough while at the same time the top of the mat is still sufficiently liquid so that disturbances of the fibers of the partially dewatered mat caused by the injection of the resin have an opportunity to mend. The resin may be injected into the longitudinal marginal portions of the mat in continuous fashion such that, after the edges of the final board product have been trimmed, the resin treated areas are exposed to view. The additional resin reinforces the edge portions and assists in providing uniform caliper of the board across its width.

Abstract: A filter medium particularly adapted for use in an oil filter for an internal combustion engine having a water-laid web of fibers, at least 70% of which are cellulose, impregnated with resin in a pattern at its wire side to a depth of 15 to 45% of its total thickness, the pattern having zones free from resin amounting to 35 to 60% of the total area of the wire side, each zone having at least one dimension no greater than 4 mm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resole resin composition comprising a resole resin in combination with a polyvinylacetate resin and a solvent. Said composition provides a flexible bonding composition for filter papers wherein said resin is fast curing and the impregnated cured paper can be pleated after curing without cracking or further curing providing economies for the paper and filter fabricators and a superior filter paper.

Abstract: Hard and medium density board made of lignocellulosic fibers having a central layer with substantially higher concentration of set resin than both the outer layers of said board have as good strength properties as a corresponding board having said higher concentration of said resin throughout the thickness of the board. Said board is produced by introducing a thermosetting resin solution or a high resin content pulp into and evenly across the width of the central layer of the pulp or the wet lap to be pressed and heat treated, the pressing period being shortened as well as the press cycle. Said process can be carried out with an apparatus including a member to be inserted in the pulp slurry flow in the headbox of a board machine or in the flow on the moving continuous wire screen of the board machine comprising an element having nozzles or slits through which a thermosetting resin solution or a high resin content slurry can be brought to flow.

Abstract: A method of producing dry-process composition paper board from waste paper. Waste paper is particulated into flakes and the like fragments, conditioned for moisture content, and blended with an adhesive such as a synthetic thermosetting resin prior to forming by compression into mats which are cured under high pressure and temperature to form a rigid, cohesive paper flake board.The method obviates the need of sorting, pulping, cleaning and purification of waste paper and permits manufacture of structural panel boards in small recycling plants.

Abstract: An improved raw felt material having a high degree of strength and flexibility and increased bulk. The raw felt is used in producing an asphalt roofing cover. The felt is formed from an adhesively bonded porous non-woven sheet of an inorganic fibrous material and has finally divided vulcanized rubber particles distributed within the fibrous material.

Abstract: DISCLOSED is a process for the production of paper and paper-like products which comprises the step of incorporating in the pulp a retention agent comprising a polyalkylene oxide of molecular weight in excess of 1 million and a phenol- or naphthol-formaldehyde or -sulphur resin.

Abstract: Opacifying agents, which may be coated onto or incorporated into paper sheets, consisting essentially of spherical aldehyde condensation polymeric super-particles, each having a spherical, discontinuous shell surrounding a spherical hollow core, said shell composed of agglomerated, discrete spherical aldehyde condensation polymeric secondary particles which are solid throughout. The opacifying agents are incorporated into paper sheets by admixing cellulosic fibers with the super-particles.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved resin-containing cellulosic overlays for overlaying woody substrates and processes for preparing same. The overlays are produced by admixing an aqueous slurry of cellulosic fibers and a resole resin produced by reacting bisphenol A, a para-substituted phenol selected from p-tertiarybutylphenol, p-tertiaryamylphenol and p-phenylphenol and formaldehyde, precipitating the resin by acidifying the resulting slurry, forming a sheet from the resin-containing slurry and drying the sheet. The overlays produced are white in color and are highly resistant to discoloration due to exposure to sunlight, heat and caustic.

Abstract: A composite dry process hardboard includes a hardboard panel consisting of pressed defibrated and refined wood chips, plus a surface layer of paper cemented to the hardboard by a cured resin made from phenolic resin mixed with water and ethylene glycol. If desired, an embossed pattern may be incorporated into pressing the paper overlay. In the subject process, first a mass of defibrated wood chips is mixed with a binding agent, the mass is then formed into a mat which is coated with a mixture of phenolic resin and polyhydric compound such as a polyhydric alcohol having a boiling point higher than water. Then, a dry sheet of paper is laid on the mat and the composite structure is then cured by the application of heat and pressure.