Abstract: Disclosed are a polysaccharide derivative having the structure: ##STR1## and a polysaccharide graft polymer having the structure: Sacch-O-(G).sub.m -(M)-.sub.n, wherein Sacch- is a polysaccharide; m is zero or one; G is the residue of a polymerizable, unsaturated monomer which is bonded to the polysaccharide in an ether or ester linkage; n is greater than one; M is the residue of one or more polymerizable, unsaturated, monomer(s), at least one of which is a siloxane-containing monomer, which have been grafted to the polysaccharide by free radical polymerization; R is an organic group which is bonded to the polysaccharide by an ether or ester linkage and to the silicon by a carbon-silicon linkage; R.sub.1 is a straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl group, or an aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl group; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are, independently, straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or alkenyl groups, or aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl groups, or alkoxides of straight or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Process for using papermaking techniques for preparing a sheet material with improved on-machine retention, sheet material thus obtained and its application, notably in the field of printing and writing, packaging and coverings.The invention relates to a process for using papermaking techniques to make a sheet material.This material copmrises, in addition to the fibres, an organic binder, a non-binding mineral filler and a flocculant, as well as various conventional additives, this process being characterized by the fact that the mineral filler and the binder are flocculated beforehand before being incorporated into the fibre suspension.The material thus prepared has enhanced mineral filler retention and physical properties and can be used as printing and writing medium, covering medium, packaging medium or for obtaining complexes for industrial or foodstuffs use.

Abstract: A method for forming a fabric web by wet-laying fibers on paper-making equipment, the web comprising staple length natural or synthetic fibers and optionally wood cellulose papermaking fibers and an adsorbed polymeric surface active agent. The method comprises making up an aqueous fiber furnish with a polymeric surfactant having a plurality of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groupings per molecule. The polymeric surfactant is adsorbed by the fibers and may be added to the fibers or it may be included in the aqueous carrier medium. In either case, the finished web contains and is improved by the inclusion of the polymeric surfactant.

Abstract: Urea is used to pacify "stickies" in the manufacture of paper products, particularly coated boxboard.

Abstract: A sheet material is produced by pressing to sheet form in the presence of water a material derived from a plant of the type Beta Vulgaris (sugarbeet and beetroot). Fresh plant material can be used as well as plant material already used for sugar production. The plant material preferably has a particle size of 0.1 to 10 mm. The sheet material may be water soluble or water insoluble the latter condition being achieved by mixing with the plant material a dialdehyde, such as glyoxal, dialdehyde starch or other bivalent substance capable of reacting with hydroxyl groups or by heat treatment or a combination of both. The degree of water solubility of the sheet material can be controlled in this way. The sheet material can be expanded by thermal shock treatment.

Abstract: A method for forming a fibrous web by wet-laying fibers on paper-making equipment, the web comprising staple length natural or synthetic fibers and wood cellulose paper-making fibers wherein a water furnish of the fibers is made up with an associative thickener in the absence of a conventional surfactant. A preferred associative thickener for use with hydrophobic fibers is a urethane block copolymer having a polyethylene glycol backbone, the associative thickener acting as both surfactant and thickener. With predominately cellulosic fibers, i.e. conventional wood cellulose fibers, or a mixture of conventional and contorted wood fibers, and synthetic cellulosic fibers, such as rayon, a hydroxyethyl cellulose having a long alkyl side chain is preferred. Excellent consistency of the water and fiber dispersion is obtained at relatively low viscosity with rapid drainage of water from the wire and uniform formation of the web.

Abstract: Aqueous suspensions of uncooked starch are stabilized by adding to the suspension a minor amount of a hydrophilic polymeric viscosity-increasing agent effective to prevent dilatancy and to increase the viscosity of the suspension so that settlement of starch particles during storage and transportation is substantially prevented. The hydrophilic polymeric viscosity-increasing agent is such that in a 0.5% by weight aqueous dispersion or solution thereof (based on the total weight of the dispersion or solution) at 20.degree. C. the shear stress at a shear rate of 1.0 reciprocal second is greater than 5 dynes/cm.sup.2 and the shear stress at a shear rate of 1000 reciprocal seconds is less than 250 dynes/cm.sup.2. The preferred viscosity-increasing agent is xanthan gum and the suspension may also contain a water-soluble film-forming polymer. The suspensions find use in the manufacture of paper and board.

Abstract: A process for preparing a porous random fiber polymeric composite sheet through the addition of a cellulose ether which is selectively soluble or insoluble to a random fiber composite slurry under conditions such that the cellulose ether is insoluble, forming the slurry into a sheet, fusing the organic polymer component of the sheet and heating the sheet to solubilize the cellulose ether whereby voids are formed in the sheet. Before the sheet is treated to remove the cellulose ether, it may be combined with other sheets and densified under heat and pressure. Before removing the cellulose ether, the densified sheet may be heated under reduced pressure to expand or loft the sheet in a direciton normal to the plane of the sheet. A random fiber polymeric composite sheet, a densified sheet and a lofted sheet, each comprising a binder, fusable organic polymer, reinforcing material and a cellulose ether are also provided. The same sheets after removal of the cellulose ether are further provided.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the formula ##STR1## starch, cellulose, and gum aldehydes, are useful for imparting wet, dry, or temporary wet strength to paper. They are prepared by a non-oxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. In the formula, n is 1-3; R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently an alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl group when n is 1, R.sup.11 or R.sup.12 is one of the groups when n is 2, or R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are not present when n is 3; R.sup.13 is an alkyl group, optionally containing an ether linkage, or an aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl group; R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are individually a hydrogen or a methyl group; R.sup.16, R.sup.17, and R.sup.18 are individually an alkyl group; Y.sup.

Abstract: Polysaccharide aldehydes having the general structure ##STR1## such as starch, cellulose and gum aldehydes, are useful for imparting wet, dry, or temporary wet strength to paper. They are prepared by a non-oxidative method which involves reacting the polysaccharide base, in the presence of alkali, with a derivatizing acetal reagent having the general structure ##STR2## and then hydrolyzing the acetal by adjusting the pH to less than 7, preferably 2-4. R is (CH.sub.2).sub.n or a divalent aromatic group and n os 0 or greater; R.sup.1, R.sup.6, and R.sup.7 are hydrogen or an organic group; R.sup.2, R.sup.5, and R.sup.8 are (CH.sub.2).sub.m with m being 1-6; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen or a lower alkyl; Y is an anion; Z is an organic group capable of reacting with the polysaccharide base to form an ether derivative and selected from the group consisting of an epoxide, ethylenically unsaturated group, halohydrin, and halogen; R.sup.

Abstract: A paper making process with improved retention and binding of fillers is characterized by the use of an amphoteric mucous compound as binder. The preferred compound is the reaction product between cationic starch (CS) of low charge density and a polysaccharide acid such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). This compound has amphoteric and mucous character and should be used for enveloping fillers, while in a unique transient structure. This structure is characterized by filler particles being enclosed and finely distributed in droplets of the highly hydrated but substantially water-insoluble mucous compound. According to the invention this transient structure should further be reorganized to a less hydrated and more resistant gel structure, still enclosing the filler. This gel structure can stand the draining forces on a paper machine wire screen. This structural reorganization is achieved by reaction with colloidal particles, especially of polyaluminum-oxy-citrate compounds.

Abstract: The present invention involves the use of a methyl cellulose derivative to control the depositing tendency of adhesive materials contained in waste paper and paper products which are being utilized to produce finished paper products.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a non-asbestos corrugated sheet comprising forming into corrugated form an aqueous slurry of a mixture comprising, on a dry weight basis, 40-60% cement, 30-40% silica and 5-15% cellulose fibres, compressing said corrugated form so produced in a press to reduce its thickness and increase its density, removing said form from said press and submitting said form to autoclaving to cause reaction to occur between said cement and said silica to form a binder matrix. The aqueous slurry may include a moldability aid such as finely divided silica, and the corrugated forms are suitably compressed individually and then passed through a steam tunnel partially to harden them before autoclaving. In corrugated sheets formed are suitable for external cladding and roofing.

Abstract: Non-asbestos flexible sheet material suitable for use in gaskets for the exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine is made by dewatering on a water-permeable conveyor a layer of aqueous slurry and compressing and drying the dewatered layer, the aqueous slurry employed being one that contains the following ingredients in the following proportions by dry weight:ball clay: 25-44%non-fibrous layer silicate: 25-40%graphite: 10-30%cellulose fibres: 3-15%synthetic rubber: 1-10%starch: 1-5%.

Abstract: A method of making a shaped cellulosic paper or paperboard, comprising the steps of:(a) diluting cellulosic fibers with water to form an aqueous suspension of less than 10 percent by weight cellulosic fibers;(b) agitating the aqueous suspension of cellulosic fibers until the fibers become separated from each other and swollen;(c) dewatering the aqueous suspension to at least 20 percent weight cellulosic fibers;(d) preparing a homogeneous, plastically formable material by adding to the suspension sufficient hydrocolloid to bind substantially all of the water in the material to prevent the water from bleeding out during subsequent shaping and to prevent the fibers from flocculating, and by kneading the material, said material containing water in the range of from about 50 to about 90 percent, fibers in the range of from about 8 to 49 percent, and hydrocolloid in the range of from about 1 to about 20 percent, by weight;(e) shaping the material by extrusion, injection molding, rolling, pressing or drawing, and(f)

Abstract: A process of preparing microfibrillated cellulose comprising adding to never-dried cellulosic pulp an additive compound capable of substantially inhibiting hydrogen bonding of the fibrils in the cellulose and then drying the pulp and additive. Microfibrillation of a suspension of the cellulosic pulp is carried out at considerably increased efficiency if the additive compound is present prior to drying the pulp. The resulting MFC product can be dried and redispersed without substantial loss of viscosity.

Abstract: Redispersible microfibrillated cellulose is prepared by the addition to a liquid dispersion of the microfibrillated cellulose, an additive compound capable of substantially inhibiting hydrogen bonding between the cellulose fibrils. The microfibrillated cellulose, upon drying, is characterized by having a viscosity when redispersed in water of at least 50% of the viscosity of an equivalent concentration of the original dispersion.

Abstract: Heat transfer paper is provided having applied to at least one surface thereof from about 1/2 to 5 pounds per side of a high-volume, liquid swellable material selected from the group consisting of clays and starches.

Abstract: An improved process for forming an acoustical or thermal insulating fibrous glass product is provided, wherein the binder employed is asphalt and the asphalt is converted into a substantially insolubilized form.

Abstract: A method of making a cellulosic paper or paperboard by agitating an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers until they become separated from each other and swollen. A sufficient amount of hydrocolloid is added to bind the water in the suspension such that no water will bleed out during a subsequent shaping. The mixture is kneaded until a homogeneous, plastically deformable mixture is formed. The mixture contains about 50-90% water, fibers in excess of about 8% and hydrocolloid in excess of about 1% by weight. The mixture is shaped by extrusion, rolling, pressing or drawing.

Abstract: An absorbent material is provided for body fluid absorbent products which material has relatively high tensile strength, and is extremely flexible and may be incorporated into absorbent products without substantial loss in user's comfort. The material is made by forming a slurry of water wherein the solids comprise cellulosic fibers and hydrocolloidal material. The wet web is formed from the slurry and the web is then dried. The dry web is then compacted to a density of at least 110% and preferably at least 150% based on the density of the dry web. The resulting product has a tensile strength of at least 10 Kg/cm.sup.2 and the Gurley Stiffness of less than about 40 gm.

Abstract: Stable aqueous dispersions which are useful as one-shot sizing agents for paper, i.e. which do not require the separate addition of a flocculating agent, are prepared by combining a rosin dispersion, aluminum sulfate, and an alkali in a prescribed manner. The dispersions may also contain an added stabilizer such as a starch derivative, hydroxyethyl cellulose, or polyvinyl pyrrolidone if desired. These compositions can be used for either internal or external sizing.

Abstract: Methods for producing pigment for use in sizing agents and filler agents for coating paper, cardboard and the like are disclosed. The method includes providing calcium sulphate dihydrate as the pigment and beating the calcium sulphate dihydrate in the presence of a dispersing agent comprising a polysaccharide substituted with carboxyl groups, preferably carboxymethyl cellulose.

Abstract: A diaphragm for a speaker obtained by forming a diaphragm base by screen processing a mixture of carbon fiber, pulp and polyvinyl alcohol fiber as a binder in a manner similar to that employed for making paper, depositing a thermosetting resin on the diaphragm base by impregnation or coating, and subjecting the diaphragm base, on which the thermosetting resin has been deposited, to electroless plating to deposit a metal film in the interstices between fibers and on the entire fiber surface.

Abstract: Fibrous casing paper is treated with viscose, a polyamide-epihalohydrin resin and cationic polyethylene imine resin to provide a synergistic improvement in the alkaline wet tensile strength while maintaining satisfactory viscose absorbency.

Abstract: Fibrous paper webs of high water absorbency and improved alkaline wet tensile strength are obtained by treating the fibers prior to web formation or subsequent to web formation with aqueous solutions of a water-soluble thermosetting reaction product of a polyamide and an epichlorohydrin, a water-soluble nonviscose film-forming material such as hydroxy ethyl cellulose and a water-soluble polyethylene imine. The resultant absorbent sheet material maintains its absorbency upon aging, exhibits high wet caustic strength and can be used in the manufacture of tea bags or food casings.

Abstract: A process for improving the dry strength of paper and for improving the effect of optical brighteners in the preparation or coating of paper which includes the step of adding fillers and/or pigments and anionic brighteners to the paper making process the improvement comprising adding to paper making pulp a polypiperidine halide absorbed in a dispersed state on a fine-particle organic or inorganic carrier before the anionic brightener is added.

Abstract: A selected powdery form of a graft copolymer containing hydrophilic chains provides a highly moisture-absorbent media which is suitable for use in absorbent bodies, particularly those used for absorbing body exudates such as catamenial devices, diapers, wound dressings, surgical sponges, incontinence pads and the like. The powdered form of said copolymers is useful alone or in combination with other absorbent materials in making up the absorbent bodies.

Abstract: Wet-lay papermaking processes employing urea-formaldehyde resin in a papermaking slurry for imparting wet strength to the paper, are improved by addition of a water soluble salt of carboxymethylcellulose to the papermaking slurry, preferably when the urea-formaldehyde resin is dispersed in the slurry. The carboxymethylcellulose salt substantially increases the wet strength cure rate of the paper without significantly affecting the ultimate wet strength properties imparted to the paper by the cured urea-formaldehyde resin.

Abstract: Erosion of soil is inhibited by forming a wind and rain resistant mat thereon by the method whereby a water soluble cellulose ether is dispersed in a latex containing at least 2.0 percent solids of an interpolymer of an alkenyl aromatic monomer, a conjugated diolefin and an unsaturated carboxylic acid and an organo sulfonate; the composition diluted, plant fibers dispersed therein and the so formed dispersion deposited on the soil in the form of a covering layer.

Abstract: Creping of fibrous webs to enhance their softness and bulk is improved and the resulting creped web is made strong, water dispersible and non-blocking by employing a bonder and creping adhesive composition containing four components which are blended to produce a mixture having a percent solids of from 10% to 40% and an initial modulus for a film of the solids of less than 1.75 .times. 10.sup.8 dynes/cm.sup.2. The composition (mixture) functions as a bonder for the fibers to impart strength and as a creping adhesive for the web so that creping enhances softness and bulkiness. Also disclosed are methods of creping employing such a bonder and creping adhesive composition and sheet materials creped with such compositions.

Abstract: Paper products exhibiting markedly improved dry strength properties are produced by adding to the cellulose paper dispersion a chitin-based compound comprising chitosan alone or a graft copolymer of certain acrylic and/or diallylic monomers grafted onto the chitosan as a substrate.

Abstract: A process for surface sizing paper with a surface sizing composition, which comprises a copolymer of acrylic or methacrylic ester, alkali metal salts of acrylic or methacrylic acid, and acrylic or methacrylic acid, or ammonium or lower alkyl amine salts thereof, where substantially no scum forms in the press operation, even after 8 hours.

Abstract: A specific paper, which is soluble in and easily destroyable with water, is obtained by subjecting to papermaking a suspension of fibers of pullulan, which is a linear high polymer having repetition units, bonded through .alpha.-1,6-linkages, of maltotriose, a trimer of glucose, and has a structure represented by the formula, ##SPC1##Wherein n is an integer of 20 to 10,000 which represents the polymerization degree, or, if necessary, a suspension of said pullulan fibers in admixture with vegetable fibers such as wood fibers, flax or ramie fibers.

Abstract: Ketene dimer dispersion containing cationic dispersing agent and alkyl hydroxyalkyl cellulse and use thereof to size cellulose fibres.