Abstract: Paper that is uniquely suitable for use in the aseptic packaging of foods, beverages, and the like is produced via a two step sizing process comprising an internal size step and a surface size step. The internal size includes approximately 1.0% anionic rosin and about 1.3 to 2.6% alum (based on the dry pulp weight) blended to a 4.0 to 4.5 pH controlled papermachine headbox stock furnish. Following web formation and drying, the surface size is applied with a composition including about 0.025 to 0.050% alkyl ketene dimer (based on the dry pulp weight) blended with a traditional starch formulation and sufficient sodium bicarbonate to both neutralize any unreacted alum present near the surface of the internally sized web and to produce a paper having a water extractable pH level of from about 4.0 to below 6.0. Secondary web drying follows the surface size application.

Abstract: An improved papermaking process has been developed to enhance the properties of the resultant paper or paper-type products. The process involves adding a polyvinyl alcohol/vinylamine copolymer along with a crosslinking agent at the dry end step of a conventional papermaking process. Improvements in the properties of the resultant paper products are observed, especially at low levels of copolymer addition.

Abstract: Chemical softening compositions are provided comprising a mixture of a quaternary ammonium compound and a polyhydroxy compound. Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds include dialkyldimethylammonium salts such as di(hydrogenated) tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride and di(hydrogenated) tallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate. Preferred polyhydroxy compounds are selected from the group consisting of glycerol, and polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having a weight average molecular weight from about 200 to 4000.The chemical softening compositions are prepared by first mixing the polyhydroxy compound into the quaternary ammonium compound at a specific temperature range wherein the polyhydroxy compound is miscible with the quaternary ammonium compound and then diluting the mixture with water at an elevated temperature to form an aqueous vesicle dispersion suitable for treating fibrous cellulosic material.

Abstract: A paper for fiber reinforcement in a base layer of a cellulose-based packaging film, in particular a tubular artificial sausage casing, or for tea-bags, wherein the paper includes alginic acid and/or an alginate which is substantially insoluble in water. A process for producing the paper which includes adding a water-soluble alginate to an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers and precipitating the water-soluble alginate so as to form a substantially water-insoluble alginic acid or alginate.

Abstract: A process for the production of paper by forming and dewatering a suspension of cellulose containing fibres, and optional fillers, on a wire. The forming and dewatering is carried out in the presence of a combination of an aluminum compound, a cationic retention agent and a polymeric silicic acid having a high specific surface area. The combination of substances improves dewatering and retention of fines and fillers.

Abstract: Sizing compounds particularly cyclic acid anhydrides are used as such or in solution with non-aqueous protic and/or protic solvents to mass-size cellulose products such as paper, board, cardboard and similar cellulose and synthetic fibre products. In a preferred embodiment, the cyclic acid anhydrides or their solutions in inert solvents are introduced into the wet-end of the paper machine at a position where the paper slurry is in a highly turbulent state so that they are immediately homogenized and reacted with the cellulose stock.

Abstract: Cellulose fibers are entrained in a gaseous medium and sized while entrained with a sizing material. The sizing material may comprise a nonaqueous solution of alkyl ketene dimer or other sizing material. Also, immersions of fibers in such a nonaqueous sizing solution is another approach for sizing fibers.

Abstract: A method of making a photographic paper support having improved raw stock keeping characteristics by an internal acid sizing step and an external alkaline sizing step to achieve a water extractable pH of from 6 to 9.5.

Abstract: A process for making soft, absorbent tissue paper webs and the webs made by that process. In the first step, a furnish of papermaking fibers and a wet strength resin is provided. A wet fibrous web is made from the furnish and the wet web is dried. Next, the wet strength resin in the web is at least partially cured. A nitrogenous cationic debonding agent is then incorporated into the dried web.

Abstract: Nonwoven mats or sheets having improved tensile strengths are prepared from a fibrous suspension of synthetic fibers thickened with a synthetic, addition polymer bearing pendant carboxamide groups and a cross-linking agent for the polymeric thickener. For example, a fibrous suspension comprising glass fibers, a polymer of acrylamide and a water-soluble hypohalite can be employed to prepare strong, glass fiber mats useful as effective reinforcement for roofing shingles.

Abstract: A method for producing fire retardant or non-combustible fibrous products. Fibrous organic or inorganic materials, or a mixture thereof, are processed into a slurry, which is then intimately mixed with a boron-containing mineral and a mineral acid. The mixture is allowed to ripen, and is fed into a sheet forming and dewatering apparatus to form a dewatered, fibrous web, which is dried to form the fibrous product.

Abstract: A suspension of artificial mineral fibers and cellulosic fibers is dewatered during shaping on a wire. The sheet is thereafter pressed and dried. A latex emulsion binder is added to the mat after the mat has been partially dried to a solids content of 60 to 90%. The mat product has physical properties, including impression resistance, comparable to previously known asbestos-containing products.

Abstract: A bonding composition for incombustible fibrous materials comprising (a) a water-soluble polymer containing hydrazide groups or its adduct with a water-soluble alkaline earth metal salt of an inorganic acid and (b) a heavy metal ion capable of forming chelate with the water-soluble polymer or its adduct. The bonding composition is employed as bonding agents to prepare incombustible sheet materials from incombustible fibrous materials by adding the components (a) and (b) to an aqueous dispersion of the fibrous materials and forming sheets or by forming wet or dry sheets containing the component (b) and then making the component (a) contain in the sheets. The bonding composition has excellent bonding effect and the polymer itself becomes incombustible, so incombustible sheet materials having excellent strength can be economically obtained.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of a sheet containing mineral fibers and binder. An aqueous suspension containing fibers and binder is formed into a layer. The layer is de-watered to form a wet sheet. Additional binder is applied evenly to the entire surface of the de-watered sheet. The sheet is then dried. The sheet may be compressed to an extent of 20% during drying.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided herein improved glass fiber dispersions for making uniform glass fiber mats by the wet-laid process. The well dispersed glass fiber compositions of this invention usually are prepared by mixing chopped glass fiber bundles in water with a small amount of an amine oxide surfactant to disperse the bundles into individual fibers. As a feature of the invention, the dispersions may be formed at relatively high glass fiber consistencies. The resultant dispersions then are used to make very high quality glass fiber mats at high rates of production.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided herein a method of increasing the strength of wet glass fiber mats prepared by the wet-laid process. The wet-strength of such freshly prepared glass fiber mats are improved in this invention by treating the wet mat with a dilute solution of an anionic surfactant. As a feature of the invention, the wet-strength of such mats are increased substantially so that they may be conveniently handled and transferred, even manually, for further processing, e.g. for applying binders and drying, into the finished glass fiber mat product.

Abstract: Hard and medium density board made of lignocellulosic fibers having a central layer with substantially higher concentration of set resin than both the outer layers of said board have as good strength properties as a corresponding board having said higher concentration of said resin throughout the thickness of the board. Said board is produced by introducing a thermosetting resin solution or a high resin content pulp into and evenly across the width of the central layer of the pulp or the wet lap to be pressed and heat treated, the pressing period being shortened as well as the press cycle. Said process can be carried out with an apparatus including a member to be inserted in the pulp slurry flow in the headbox of a board machine or in the flow on the moving continuous wire screen of the board machine comprising an element having nozzles or slits through which a thermosetting resin solution or a high resin content slurry can be brought to flow.

Abstract: A composite dry process hardboard includes a hardboard panel consisting of pressed defibrated and refined wood chips, plus a surface layer of paper cemented to the hardboard by a cured resin made from phenolic resin mixed with water and ethylene glycol. If desired, an embossed pattern may be incorporated into pressing the paper overlay. In the subject process, first a mass of defibrated wood chips is mixed with a binding agent, the mass is then formed into a mat which is coated with a mixture of phenolic resin and polyhydric compound such as a polyhydric alcohol having a boiling point higher than water. Then, a dry sheet of paper is laid on the mat and the composite structure is then cured by the application of heat and pressure.

Abstract: A colored decorative plastic laminate is made from a core layer and a superimposed decorative layer comprising: a fibrous material, coloring particles having a Moh's hardness of up to about 6 and an average particle size range of between about 53 to 210 microns, and thermoset resin; where the weight ratio of fiber material:coloring particles is from about 1:0.04 to 1:0.4 and the colored decorative layer is characterized in that the pigments are dispersed only through the bottom two-thirds of the colored layer and concentrated in the colored layer near the core-decorative layer interface, the top one-third of the colored layer containing substantially no pigment particles.

Abstract: Wet pressed fiber board material of high resistance to bending is produced by preparing a layer of fiber from a water suspension of the fiber, said layer being de-watered and pressed to form a coherent flat sheet, wherein raw material is distributed over the surface of said layer in varying quantities and/or qualities in a manner such that the pressed board obtains strip-like surface portions which extend in at least one direction of the horizontal plane of the sheet, said strip-like surface portions having varying density and/or strength properties, whereby the finished board has a higher resistance to bending than a homogeneous sheet having substantially the same average density.