Abstract: A reverse bump test, for identifying the alignment of a sheetmaking system while the system remains in closed-loop control, includes the following steps: (a) leaving the control system in closed-loop, (b) artificially inserting a step signal on top of the measurement (or setpoint) profile from the scanner, (c) recording the data as the control system moves the actuators to remove the perceived disturbance (or setpoint change), and (d) refining or developing a model from the artificial measurement disturbance (or setpoint change) to the actuator profile. The technique supplies the probing/perturbation signal to the scanner measurement, which is equivalent to supplying the probing/perturbation signal to the setpoint target) rather than inserting bumps via the actuator set points as has been practiced traditionally.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method and a system in a paper machine, and also a software product, allowing one or more tools to be generated for indicating the state of the paper production process in terms of energy consumption to the operating staff of the paper machine. This allows continual monitoring of the state of the paper production process and/or its energy efficiency combined with efforts to develop the manners of running the paper machine and its dryer section in a more favourable direction. In one embodiment of the invention, the dry solids content DSC of the press section can be calculated by means of the evaporation amount of the dryer section, the production of finished paper and the final paper moisture as follows: DSC=mpap,d/(mpap,d+mH2O), in which mpap,d is the dry mass flow of the paper web to the dryer section and mH2O is the water mass flow to the dryer section. mH2O is obtained by summing up the mass flow of the water discharged from the dryer section and the evaporated water mass flow.

Abstract: A power saving method for rotating pulp and paper machinery includes a fiber quality measurement device, a control system and a variable speed drive. The power savings method is applied to either fiber refiners or pressurized screens. Pulp stock enters a rotating machine, which is driven by an electric motor. The electric motor receives electrical current from the variable speed drive to implement rotation. The variable speed drive changes a frequency of the electrical current according to input received by the control system. The control system includes a control algorithm to optimize the efficiency of the rotating machine. The control system receives inputs of pressures, flows, consistency and position. The control system also receives input from the pulp quality measurement device. The algorithm calculates the process values and input from the pulp quality measurement device to determine the appropriate electrical current frequency to output to the electric motor.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring tension or a tension alteration in a paper web. At least one measurement device includes a number of measurement bodies and a number of fluid supply devices, which are intended to apply a fluid pressure to the web. The fluid supply devices are so arranged as to subject the web to an essentially constant fluid pressure in order to provide a fluid cushion between the web and the measurement bodies. The measurement bodies are so arranged as to apply pressure to the web without making contact and are so arranged to be capable of displacement. The position of the measurement bodies in the normal direction of the web is altered depending upon variations in the constitution of the web. A method for measuring web tension and a machine including apparatus for measuring web tension are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method and a system to control a reeling profile of a material web reel (30), when, in the forming of a material web reel (30), a web is reeled around a reeling core and when in an adjustment of CD-directional profiles of the web reel, profiling devices (8) have been applied. For adjusting quality profiles and reeling profiles of the web, profiling devices are managed with the help of profile measurings of the roller nip and/or of the profile measurings of the reel (30), which are obtained from the reel-up (2). A measuring device (40) for a measuring of a CD-directional hardness profile of the fiber web reel includes a measuring head (43), which is connected with a loading means (41, 42), which loads the measuring head against the fiber web reel. The motion course of the measuring head is linear.

Abstract: A method for measuring both caliper and tension of a web such as paper wound into a roll. The method may include a standard caliper sensor whose air supply is selectively modified to allow for both the measurement of caliper and tension of the web. In another embodiment two similar or identical measurement devices are installed in tandem where one device measures tension without pinching the sheet and the other device measures caliper. The sensor may include two sheet guides for providing support for tension measurement or one or both sheet guides can be eliminated by support from machinery rolls.

Abstract: A composition and method of detecting counterfeit paper currency includes applying a test solution to a paper currency having ink printed thereon. If the paper currency is counterfeit, the test solution causes the ink to release from the paper currency. If the paper currency is genuine, the ink will not release from the paper currency. The test solution may be an aqueous-alcohol solution having a chemical thickener, and preferably includes a de-foaming agent, a bactericide/fungicide and a fragrance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a fibrous web, in particular a paper web, paperboard web or tissue web, with which a material flow of higher consistency and a material flow of lower consistency are mixed in a variable ratio over the machine width and the mixed flow is fed via a headbox as a headbox stream to a mesh section, whereby the mixing ratio between these two material flows of different consistency in the respective mixed flow acts as the set-point variable for controlling the gsm substance of the fibrous web over the machine width. In this case the ratio between the fibrous material content and the filler material content in the material flow of lower consistency is established or controlled such that the filler material fraction in the fibrous web can be established or controlled at least essentially independently of the gsm substance.

Abstract: Device for measuring the two-dimensional velocity of a moving paper web having opposed first and second surfaces, wherein comprising: at least one light source directed at said first surface and arranged to transmit light through said paper web; at least one image capturing device directed at said second surface, and arranged to receive said transmitted light and produce a two-dimensional image of a section of said paper web; a control unit, arranged to control said at least one light source and at least one image capturing device, and to receive two-dimensional images from said at least one image capturing device, and comprising computation means arranged to compute the velocity component of said paper web in the machine direction and/or the cross direction by calculating the cross correlation of two two-dimensional images.

Abstract: A method of measuring a Stockigt sizing degree of a paper or hoard is provided. The method includes: placing a paper or board, to which FeCl3 (II) is dropped or applied, on NH4SCN solution; sequentially capturing, by using a camera, a process of forming reddish brown Fe(SCN)3 wile the FeCl3 (II) meets the NH4SCN solution penetrating in a thickness direction of the specimen, and recording RGB values of droplet image of the reddish brown Fe(SCN)3; converting the RGB values into HSV values; recording hue (H) value of the HSV values with respect to time; and checking a point where a differentiation value of the H value recorded with respect to time becomes maximum.

Abstract: The various embodiments of the invention are connected to a radio-frequency identifier of the roll coating in a fiber web machine. The fiber web machine comprises a radio-frequency identifier (for example RFID, RFID-tag), so that the moisture content can be measured from the roll or from the roll coating of a fiber web machine.

Abstract: An image-based measurement technique that directly measures the orientation of fibers in a moving web that comprises nonwoven material measures the orientation angles of the individual fibers so that a more robust estimate of the statistical distribution of fibers is obtained. The technique includes the steps of: (a) illuminating an area on at least one side of the web with radiation; (b) obtaining at least one digital image of the illuminated area; and (c) calculating the fiber orientation of the web by processing the at least one digital image with a gradient operator thereby analyzing the distribution of observed fiber orientation angles within the image. The gradient operator is preferably of a non-integer order between ? and ? and particularly between ¼ and ¾. The use of fractional-gradient operators yields more reliable results than when integer order gradients are employed.

Abstract: A method of forming a cellulosic web is discussed, the product of which may, for example, possess at least one of increased softness, strength, and absorbency. The method measures the total anionic charge and controls the net charge of an aqueous stream.

Abstract: Disclosed is a machine direction measurement system having an increased cross direction sampling area (significantly larger than the natural sensor measurement window) to generate a more representative and stable machine direction reading of the process. In effect, the sensor should have as wide a coverage area as possible without having to resort to the expense of measuring the entire width of the sheet.

Abstract: A method of measuring macro and micro stickies in a recycled sample containing pulp fibers is disclosed. The method includes forming a slurry of the recycled macro stickies and a liquid and using a first separation device to separate out the macro stickies and the pulp fiber while collecting the screenate. The macro stickies and the pulp fibers are then washed with additional liquid to further separate out any macro stickies while again collecting the screenate. The macro stickies are then removed from the first separation device and are measured. The method also includes agglomerating the micro stickies in the screenate to form agglomerated micro stickies. The screenate is routed through a second separation device to separate out the agglomerated micro stickies. The agglomerated micro stickies are then removed from the separation device and are measured.

Abstract: A method and a system for controlling the manufacturing or finishing process of a fiber web at a transition stage of the process. In the method a corrected error profile (PD?k) is formed using an error profile (PD). Using the corrected error profile (PD?k) at least one control signal (CAk) is determined for the actuators (6) of the manufacturing or finishing process of a fiber web.

Abstract: An in-situ time domain spectroscopy (TDS)-based method (200) for non-contact characterization of properties of a sheet material while being produced by a manufacturing system (700). A time domain spectrometry system (100) and calibration data for the system is provided. The calibration data includes data for transmitted power through or reflected power from the sheet material as a function of a moisture content of the sheet material. At least one pulse of THz or near THz radiation from a transmitter (111) is directed at a location on a sheet material sample (130) while being processed by the manufacturing system (700). Transmitted or reflected radiation associated with at least one transmitted or reflected pulse from the sample location is synchronously detected by a detector (110) to obtain the sample data.

Abstract: A web making machine is monitored to identify at least one cross-machine direction (CD) actuator that is developing local mapping problems. The identified CD actuator and a segment of surrounding actuators are probed to determine a performance curve for the actuator. The center of an insensitivity region of the performance curve is selected as an optimal mapping alignment setting for the identified actuator with the setting for the actuator being updated. Global smoothing may also be accomplished by probing a global smoothness factor to generate a corresponding performance curve that is then similarly used to select an optimal value for the smoothness factor.

Abstract: A method for monitoring one or more deposits including microbiological deposits on a surface immersed in an aqueous medium of a process is disclosed. The method comprises: (a) providing a QCM that is in contact with an aqueous medium, wherein said QCM has a top side surface contacting the aqueous medium, and a second, bottom side surface isolated from the aqueous medium; (b) providing a composition that is selective for one or more deposit types, including microbiological deposits without the use of an antigen or an antibody; (c) applying said composition to the top side of said QCM surface; (d) measuring the rate of deposition of said deposits from the aqueous medium onto the top side of said QCM surface; and (e) optionally taking corrective action to change one or more process parameters, or chemistry applied to the process, or a combination thereof, to achieve a desired result in regards to microbiological deposition.

Abstract: A shoe press apparatus of a paper machine for pressing wet paper through a nip includes a counter roll, and a shoe module disposed adjacent to the counter roll. The shoe module includes a cylindrical blanket, and a press mechanism disposed inside the cylindrical blanket, extending in a width direction of the cylindrical blanket and individually pressing a plurality of pressed portions formed on the cylindrical blanket along a traveling direction of the wet paper, toward an outer-surface of the counter roll so that the wet paper is pressed in the nip between the cylindrical blanket and the counter roll so that a pressure can be applied efficiently in response to a density required for paper solely by the shoe press apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented for determining the quantity of liquid and solid content in a removal stream of a froth created from a suspension that is generated during a froth flotation operation. Specifically, electrodes are immersed in the froth generated from a suspension having a known quantity of fiber particles, and the conductance of the froth is measured to establish a relationship between the measured conductance and the quantity of fiber particles. The electrodes are then submerged in a froth generated from a suspension having an unknown quantity of fiber particles, and the froth conductance is measured. The quantity of fiber particles in the froth can then be determined from the pre-established relationship between conductance and solid particle content.

Abstract: A method includes determining one or more setpoint changes for one or more actuators in a process control system. Determining the one or more setpoint changes includes making larger or more frequent setpoint changes when operating in a first mode and making smaller or less frequent setpoint changes when operating in a second mode. The method also includes outputting the one or more setpoint changes to the one or more actuators. The method could further include entering the first mode after a paper sheet has broken and been rethreaded through a paper machine. The method could also include entering the second mode (i) after a specified amount of time has elapsed since entering the first mode or (ii) after the first mode has been entered and a caliper profile of the paper sheet is within a specified threshold of a desired caliper profile.

Abstract: A material measurement system (500) includes a THz generator including at least one laser source (111) for emitting optical pulses, the optical pulses coupled to a THz emitter (51) operable for emitting pulsed THz radiation at a sample location on material while being processed (14) by a manufacturing system. A receiver (52) is operable to receive the optical pulses and to detect reflected or transmitted THz radiation from the sample location (14) synchronously with the optical pulses and provide electrical detection signals. Synchronizing optics (112, 113, 114) is operable to receive the optical pulses from said laser and provide the optical pulses to both the receiver (52) and the THz emitter (51).

Abstract: A method of manufacturing absorbent sheet is directed to a wet-press/fabric-crepe process wherein add-on of adhesive to the Yankee surface is at relatively low levels, yet sheet transfer is maintained and production increased. Materials are selected and process parameters are controlled such that a paper machine can be operated for at least 4 hours before the Yankee coating needs to be stripped. Preferably, average increase in Yankee hood temperature is less than 1° F./minute during a production interval.

Abstract: A method for the determination of a cellulosic-fibre property, namely, residual lignin content or Kappa number of chemical pulp, with the aid of a spectroscopic technique obtained over a range covering the visible and the near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, comprising exposing the wet fibres to a light source covering a range in the visible region of 350 nm to 750 nm and a range in the near-infrared of 1100 nm to 2400 nm, reflecting light from the wet fibres, establishing a spectrum, comparing the spectrum with a known spectrum of the property and evaluating the comparison; the method has particular utility in a pulp manufacture line; an apparatus is described for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method of mixing paper stock, having improved outlet consistency, includes: (a) feeding liquid and feeding paper pulp into a vessel to form a mixture; (b) providing at least one counterflow impeller that is submerged in the mixture, the counterflow impeller being capable of simultaneously inducing both upward flow and downward flow; (c) rotating the counterflow impeller such that downward flow from the impeller is partially recirculated by upward flow from the impeller to form a mixing zone; (d) sensing a parameter of the mixture discharged from the vessel; and (e) controlling the feed rate of the liquid and the feed rate of the paper pulp in the feeding step (a) based on the sensing step (d). An apparatus for mixing of paper stock, having improved outlet consistency, includes a vessel for containing liquid and paper pulp, at least one counterflow impeller, and a feedback system for controlling outlet consistency.

Abstract: A conservation control system is provided for integration with an cross-direction controller on a sheet making machine. The conservation control system receives inputs from the cross-direction controller and accepts and/or modifies the controller commands to a profiler based on desired performance and conservation trade-offs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in the manufacture of a fiber-based web-like product for optimizing the operation of the process being used, in which method quality factors are defined for the product being manufactured control variables, which affect the state of the process, or quality factors of the finished product, are defined for at least part of the process. In addition, an operating model is created, which is used to depict the effect of each control variable on the quality factors, and a user interface is created, through which varying values for the control variables can be input to the operating model and the values of the quality factors can be depicted simultaneously, in such a way that the values of the control variables and the values of the quality factors can be viewed simultaneously.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for correcting an areal weight measurement of a stretchable web using surface topology measurement data is disclosed. Areal weight may comprise a basis weight or a water weight. The apparatus measures a surface of the stretchable web with a basis weight measuring device to obtain a rough basis weight measurement. The apparatus then measures the surface of the stretchable web with a surface topology measuring device to obtain surface topology measurement data. The apparatus comprises a controller that corrects the rough basis weight measurement of the stretchable web using surface topology measurement data. The corrected basis weight measurement may be used as a feedback value in a real time manufacturing process of the stretchable web.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dewatering apparatus, in particular a paper machine or a paperboard machine, for the adjustable, and controllable dewatering of a fibrous material, which is conveyed as a fibrous web that can be divided into at least two zones arranged side by side in a cross direction (CD). The dewatering apparatus is characterized in that the dewatering of the fibrous material is adaptable to a dewatering curve defined in a machine direction on the basis of measurements of the water weight of the fibrous material taken by at least two water weight sensors, in particular a one-dimensional or multi-dimensional sensor arrangement of water weight sensors, which are assigned to a zone and arranged preferably in pairs in mutually offset position in the CD direction.

Abstract: A method and system for determining chip pressure in a vessel containing a slurry of lignocellulosic material including: sensing a total static pressure of the slurry in the vessel; sensing a hydrostatic pressure of the liquor in the vessel, and determining the chip pressure based on a difference of the sensed total static pressure of the slurry and the sensed hydrostatic pressure of the liquor.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for controlling short circulation in a paper machine, in which the control of at least one property of the diluted fiber-containing pulp conducted to the headbox is based on consistency measurement or determination in high-consistency fiber-containing pulp, diluted pulp and/or white water. The amount of fiber-based fines in high-consistency fiber-based pulp, diluted fiber-based pulp and/or white water is determined, and the result obtained is used for controlling at least one property of the fiber-containing pulp to be conveyed to the headbox.

Abstract: A method of operating a papermaking process containing a press section with at least one press nip is disclosed.

Abstract: The temperature of the ceramic elements of a supporting or wiping strip that is assigned to a wire or a felt in a paper production facility, is controlled by guiding a cooling carrier medium or a heating carrier medium through the supporting or wiping strip. For that purpose, the supporting or wiping strip is formed with at least one channel, through which the carrier medium for heat or for cold is pumped.

Abstract: A method of monitoring and optionally controlling the addition of one or more surface additives to a papermaking process is disclosed.

Abstract: Machine for the production/processing of a material web, in particular a fibrous web, for example of paper or board, which comprises at least one treatment section in which the material web can have a treatment fluid applied to it, the treatment section being connected or able to be connected to a treatment fluid source via at least one line connection, an elastically deformable compensating material arranged in a fluid holding chamber of the treatment fluid source or of the treatment section. Alternatively, a damping device may be connected to the line connection or arranged in the latter and/or delimits such a fluid holding chamber, and/or elastically deformable compensating material which, in at least one section of the line connection, defines or co-defines an effective line cross section.

Abstract: An apparatus (200) for determining fiber orientation parameters of a sheet of material during a production process includes a polarized radiation generating system (201, 202) operable for providing polarized radiation having a frequency of at least 1×108 Hz. The radiation is aligned to be incident on a sheet of material to be characterized (203). A polarimeter (204, 205) is aligned to receive the radiation transmitted by the sheet of material (203). A photodetector (206) is provided for measuring radiation received after polarization processing by the polarimeter. A processor (207) is coupled to the photodetector (206) for calculating Stokes parameters of the moving sheet (203) based upon intensities of the radiation received and determines at least one parameter relating to fiber orientation of the moving sheet based upon the Stokes parameters.

Abstract: Machine for producing a web includes a system for predefining a quantity of a grade to be produced utilizing a measuring arrangement for measuring quality data during production of the web. The system defines the quantity of the grade to be produced by using data measured by the measuring arrangement during the production of the web.

Abstract: Infrared spectroscopy techniques are employed to measure (i) the moisture level in both the sheet of wet stock and the papermaking machine clothing on which the sheet is supported and (ii) the moisture level in the clothing alone as a separate layer of material. Differential measurement thus yields the moisture content of the sheet of wet stock alone. Changes in the moisture level in the clothing at the press section can be correlated with corresponding changes in the quality or physical property of the paper produced. Both fixed point and scanning IR sensors are strategically positioned in the press section to generate machine direction and/or cross machine direction water profiles for process control.

Abstract: A method for analyzing in real-time in a paper machine or board machine the surface structure of a web (1) of paper or board which method comprises the direction of an imaging system towards a pre-determined area (3) of the web (1), the arrangement of an illumination system to illuminate the region from a pre-determined direction with obliquely incident light, and the arrangement of an image analysis system in association with the imaging system.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for assessing the condition of at least one circulating band in a papermaking machine including a permeability measuring device, a moisture measuring device, a fiber web moisture measuring device, an evaluator, a reel-up and an other moisture measuring device. The permeability measuring device measures the permeability of the at least one circulating band. The moisture measuring device measures the moisture contained in the at least one circulating band. The fiber web moisture measuring device measures the moisture of the fiber web. The evaluator combines the permeability, the moisture of the at least one circulating band and the moisture of the fiber web to determine the condition of the at least one circulating band. The other moisture measurement device is coupled to the reel-up, and takes a moisture measurement of the fiber web made by the papermaking machine.

Abstract: A method for monitoring the deposition of one or more organic materials dispersed in an aqueous medium in a papermaking process comprising: measuring the rate of deposition of the organic materials from the aqueous medium on-to a quartz crystal microbalance having a top side contacting with the aqueous medium coated with a layer containing a non-swelling epoxy resin or a silicon containing polymer, and a second, bottom side isolated from the aqueous medium is disclosed. Additionally, a method for measuring the effectiveness of an inhibitor that decreases the deposition of the organic materials in a papermaking process is also disclosed.

Abstract: Temperature measurements of sheet material such as paper can be obtained directly from an analysis of the absorption spectrum of water in the infrared region. The technique is based in part on the recognition that the central wavelength position of a selected moisture peak is dependent upon the sheet temperature; the wavelength position also has a known temperature sensitivity. Thus, once the wavelength position of this moisture peak is ascertained, the moisture temperature of the product being monitored can be calculated. The position of the moisture peak is preferably obtained from the derivative of the peak. By measuring the size of the infrared absorption and the wavelength position of the absorption peak, both the moisture content and the moisture temperature of the sheet material can be determined. The data is used for process control. Tunable laser diodes are particularly suited as the source of infrared radiation for the temperature sensors.

Abstract: A method includes receiving measurement data from at least one sensor at a first controller. The measurement data is associated with a process. The method also includes receiving a first output signal at the first controller. The first output signal is generated by a second controller and affects the process. The method further includes determining how to control at least a portion of the process using the measurement data and the first output signal. In addition, the method includes providing a second output signal, where the second output signal is operable to control at least the portion of the process. The second controller may be operable to use the second output signal to generate the first output signal.

Abstract: A method for measuring the degree of fiber concentration in a pulp in a machine, in particular a refiner for the manufacture of paper pulp, which machine includes a stator and an opposing rotor, which form a grinding gap for the pulp. The stator is provided with at least one sensor device, designed to interact with a rotor surface and including an impedance meter body with a sensor surface which impedance meter body is mounted in the stator in such a way that it can move axially. Measurements of the impedance between the rotor surface and the sensor surface are carried out during an axial movement of the impedance meter body and the measured impedance differences are utilized together with the size of the movement to determine the dielectric constant of the pulp, from which the degree of fiber concentration in the pulp is dervived.

Abstract: A machine for producing and/or treating a material web, in particular of paper or board, in which the material web can be guided along a material web guide path by means of at least one material web guide device from a material web production section or material web input section, in order to pass at least one material web treatment device, having an apparatus for forming a transfer strip of the material web and transferring the transfer strip through the machine, it being possible for the material web to be transferred along the material web guide path in that, by means of the apparatus for forming and transferring the transfer strip, a leading transfer strip of the material web is formed and guided through the machine, and the width of the transfer strip is increased to the full material web width (what is known as “tail widening”), and having an apparatus for detecting a break in the material web.

Abstract: A contamination degree determining apparatus for paper determines a final contamination degree of paper on the basis of values of various contamination characteristics indicating the degrees of, for example, creases, wrinkles or stains obtained from the paper. Values of a plurality of contamination characteristics are input to the contamination degree determining apparatus for paper. The apparatus calculates a plurality of evaluation values from the plurality of input contamination characteristics, the contribution degree of each of the plurality of contamination characteristics, reference vectors reflecting the distribution of the plurality of contamination characteristics, and dispersion parameters reflecting the distribution of the plurality of contamination characteristics. The apparatus determines the final contamination degree of the paper on the basis of the calculated evaluation values and the weight of each of the evaluation values.

Abstract: A reverse bump test, for identifying the alignment of a sheetmaking system while the system remains in closed-loop control, includes the following steps: (a) leaving the control system in closed-loop, (b) artificially inserting a step signal on top of the measurement (or setpoint) profile from the scanner, (c) recording the data as the control system moves the actuators to remove the perceived disturbance (or setpoint change), and (d) refining or developing a model from the artificial measurement disturbance (or setpoint change) to the actuator profile. The technique supplies the probing/perturbation signal to the scanner measurement, which is equivalent to supplying the probing/perturbation signal to the setpoint target) rather than inserting bumps via the actuator set points as has been practiced traditionally.

Abstract: A xerographic paper and method of forming includes mechanical fiber and a predetermined curl control defined by a split sheet contraction measurement. The split sheet contraction can be between about 0.8 and about 1.2 and between about 0.9 and about 1.1. Split sheet contraction is defined by a relationship of paper shrinkage in a cross-direction to paper shrinkage in a machine-direction and between the two sides of the sheet when split in the Z-direction.

Abstract: In a method for the production of a fibrous web, especially a paper or cardboard web, an automatic ash control system and an automatic retention control system for the reduction or suppression of an interactive build-up of the two controls are linked via a model for the dependence between the filler addition and the retention agent consumption. A computer assisted quality control system is also cited.