Abstract: Apparatus for measuring tension or a tension alteration in a paper web. At least one measurement device includes a number of measurement bodies and a number of fluid supply devices, which are intended to apply a fluid pressure to the web. The fluid supply devices are so arranged as to subject the web to an essentially constant fluid pressure in order to provide a fluid cushion between the web and the measurement bodies. The measurement bodies are so arranged as to apply pressure to the web without making contact and are so arranged to be capable of displacement. The position of the measurement bodies in the normal direction of the web is altered depending upon variations in the constitution of the web. A method for measuring web tension and a machine including apparatus for measuring web tension are also disclosed.

Abstract: A device and a method for on-line control of the fibre direction of a fire web (8), being manufactured from stock delivered from a headbox (3) through a discharge opening (11) defined by movable lips (9, 10), while using a fibre direction meter (12) located downstream and actuating members (14), which are allonged long the lips for regulation of the discharge opening as a response to individual control signals, each being a function of measured fibre direction values; wherein a control unit (13) receives the measured fibre direction values, calculates the control signals, and transmits these to the actuating members. According to the invention, the control unit identifies an array of fibre direction values, originating from positions in the cross direction of the fibre web which correspond to the positions of the actuating members. The control unit then compares the array of fibre direction values with an array of desired fibre direction values.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for redirecting cut web products and/or rejecting cut web products. The method comprises advancing a plurality of cut web products along a first path and providing a redirecting or folding device for folding the plurality of cut web products and/or delivering the folded cut web products to a second path. Prior to reaching the folding device, the cut web products may be determined to be defective. The folding device can be accelerated, decelerated, or substantially stopped, such that a selected cut web product is not delivered to the second path, thereby rejecting the selected cut web product. The present disclosure additionally comprises an apparatus for redirecting and/or rejecting cut web products.

Abstract: A system for measuring both caliper and tension of a web such as paper wound into a roll. The system may include a standard caliper sensor whose air supply is selectively modified to allow for both the measurement of caliper and tension of the web. In another embodiment two similar or identical measurement devices are installed in tandem where one device measures tension without pinching the sheet and the other device measures caliper. The sensor may include two sheet guides for providing support for tension measurement or one or both sheet guides can be eliminated by support from machinery rolls.

Abstract: In a method for determining the moisture of a running material web, in particular a paper web or paperboard web, the material web is scanned by way of a sensor including a microwave resonator, the resonance response of the microwave resonator is investigated, and the moisture in the material web is established in the light of this resonance response while taking account of the distance between the microwave resonator and the material web. Also disclosed is a corresponding apparatus for determining the moisture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of a web, which is formed from cellulosic pulp and is to be passed to a dryer, by way of applying temperature-controlled liquid to the web. According to the invention, the thus formed web is passed into a closed space defined by two wires and side deckles, wherein temperature-controlled liquid is applied at controlled pressure and flow rate through the wire to the web.

Abstract: The moisture profile and/or moisture gradient of a paper web of at least SC quality paper is controlled in a paper machine comprising a calender (1) which has at least two roll stacks (21, 22; 31, 32), one stack has at least three rolls and another has at least five rolls. The web is moisturized to a desired pre-moisture content M1 by a pre-moisturizer (7) before the calender. At least one intermediate moisturizer (3) is arranged between two roll stacks moisturizes the web to a desired intermediate moisture content M2 before the last roll stack (31, 32), in which the web is dried to a desired final moisture value M3. For continuously controlling and optimizing the moisture profile and/or moisture gradient of the web, the pre-moisturizing W1 of the web is controlled by a pre-moisturizer (7) control parameter which corresponds to the final moisture value M3 of the web.

Abstract: In a papermaking system having a headbox to dispense a jet of liquid and paper forming fibers, an improvement comprising at least one sensor arrangement for simultaneously or sequentially measuring in at least one location the jet velocity or jet flow correlation of the jet at plural known angles relative to the machine direction. The measured data is analyzed to generate a velocity vector profile or velocity direction profile of the jet, and hence to determine the profile of fiber orientation angles laid down in the sheet formed of the jet.

Abstract: Method and system for controlling web formation in the forming section of a paper machine includes measuring the amount of white water occurring during drainage in at least one drainage region of the forming section; and carrying out the web formation control on the basis of the white water measurement.

Abstract: The lateral position of a web or fabric edge 11 in a paper machine is determined using an ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor has a detector head 42, with an air channel system which opens to the vicinity of the head for forming an air knife which prevents accumulation of dirt on the head. The protective cover 35 has an air guide 43 extending further than the detector head 42, with air flowing thereabove from inside the protective cover 35 through an opening 36. The end component is on top of the protective cover allowing air to flow from the opening between the air guide and the end component to a detent, which turns the direction of the air flow. This provides efficient cleaning without disturbing, however, the operation of the ultrasonic sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are provided for draining water from a cellulose web which is formed in a wedge-shaped space defined by two wires, the wires being supported on chamber assemblies including at one time at least one water receiving chamber, the water flowing therein through the wire as a result of a pressure difference. Each water receiving chamber has connected thereto at least one substantially vertical pipe having a vertical drop between its top and bottom end sufficient for developing a gravitational suction leg in the water flowing pipe, and the pipe terminating in a water receiver.

Abstract: A method for controlling the moisture profile of a paper web or board web processed in a heated multi-roll calendar to optimize the qualities of the paper or board, especially gloss. The method is characterized in that the moisture measurement is carried out both on either surface of the web and as a through-measurement, and the measurement results thus obtained are specified by a thermodynamic model which calculates the moisture of the web in three layers, and that the results thus obtained are used for controlling the supply of moisture to the web.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for determining the permeability of a circulating band, in particular a water-absorbing dewatering band in a papermaking machine. The apparatus is equipped with a nozzle from which a measuring fluid flows onto or through the band. Fluctuations in the flow of the measuring fluid and in the nozzle exit pressure can distort the measurement of the permeability. The apparatus has a device for determining the speed of the band and/or a device for determining the nozzle exit speed and the nozzle exit pressure of the measuring fluid. These three measured variables are measured simultaneously, so that a fluctuation in one of these measured variables cannot impair the accuracy of the permeability measurement.

Abstract: A method and system for determining trace oversize contaminant particles in a paper-making pulp employs a screen assembly having a screen housing with a screen mounted therein, and ports for introduction of aqueous pulp and rinsing and flushing fluids, and for withdrawal of screened aqueous pulp, the screen housing has no port designated for the sole purpose of removing accumulated contaminant particles from the screen housing; instead the port employed for introduction of aqueous pulp and which may also be employed for introduction of rinsing fluid to the housing, is employed as the flushing port for removal of contaminant particles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are presented for determining the quantity of liquid and solid content in a removal stream of a froth created from a suspension that is generated during a froth flotation operation. Specifically, electrodes are immersed in the froth generated from a suspension having a known quantity of fiber particles, and the conductance of the froth is measured to establish a relationship between the measured conductance and the quantity of fiber particles. The electrodes are then submerged in a froth generated from a suspension having an unknown quantity of fiber particles, and the froth conductance is measured. The quantity of fiber particles in the froth can then be determined from the pre-established relationship between conductance and solid particle content.

Abstract: A method for threading a running paper web from a preceding section to a following section of a paper-making or paper-finishing machine, includes the steps of: providing a threading tail of the running paper web by cutting it from the running paper web at least one of its edges; providing at least one sensing element for gaining data from at least one property of the threading tail and/or threading process; transferring the gained data into a data collecting system and/or into an analysis system; and using the data for influencing the at least one property of the threading tail and/or the threading process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for detecting a tear in a fibrous web (3) in a drying section (2) of a machine (1) for producing the fibrous web (3), whereby the fibrous web (3) is passed through the drying section (2) by way of at least one dryer fabric (5). The tear is detected by at least one web tear detection device (8) and a cut-off apparatus (9) for the fibrous web (3) is activated by the web tear detection device (8). Use is made of a dryer fabric (5) with at least one characteristic color pattern (10) which is reliably detected by the web tear detection device (8) in the event of a tear in the fibrous web (3). In addition the present invention relates to a dryer fabric (5) for a drying section (2) of a machine (1) for producing a fibrous web (3).

Abstract: An arrangement in the on-line finishing of a paper machine, which includes at least one finishing stage (12, 13) for the paper web produced, has cutting equipment (16) for forming the tail as well as tail threading equipment (15) for carrying the tail through the finishing stage (12, 13). At the end of the finishing stage (12, 13) there is a draw point (24), through which a carrier rope system (17) included in the tail threading equipment (15) is adapted to pass. The draw point (24) is formed between one cylinder (28) and a wire (29) arranged in contact with it for forming a single-contact draw point.

Abstract: A procedure and arrangement to control the lamella of a headbox's lip channel, when the mass flow goes in the headbox (3) through the lip channel (2), in which case single mass flows are held separate from each other with the lamella (1) before the flows are united after the lamella. The lamella's dimensions, mechanical characteristics and/or dynamic characteristics are changed at least in the lamella's border area with an active structure, which is active and/or passive active tool and/or active and/or passive active material.

Abstract: Methods are provided for determining the surface fatty acid content in a wood pulp or whitewater sample. The methods comprise reacting free fatty acids which are present on the surface of the wood pulp fibers in the sample or in the whitewater with one or more reagents to form a measurable species, and determining the fatty acid content from the quantitative measurement of the measurable species. The method is useful as a quick, portable, accurate and low cost assay for assessing the fatty acid content present at various sample points in pulp and paper mills. The method for determining the free fatty acid content can be conducted in a batch process (e.g. where samples are collected periodically and the test is conducted offline). Alternatively, the method for determining the free fatty acid content can be conducted in a continuous or semi-continuous process (e.g., online sampling/analysis).

Abstract: A method for obtaining a reflectance property indication of a sample which includes making a reflectance measurement of the sample and correcting the reflectance measurement in order to obtain the reflectance property indication. The reflectance measurement represents an observed reflectance of the sample, the reflectance property indication represents a standardized reflectance of the sample, and correcting the reflectance measurement accounts for a difference between the standardized reflectance and the observed reflectance. An apparatus for making a reflectance measurement of a sample which includes a housing defining a viewing port, a temperature control mechanism for controlling the temperature within the interior of the housing, and an optical reflectometer contained within the interior of the housing. The reflectometer has a measurement direction and is movable within the housing so that the measurement direction can be selectively aligned with the viewing port.

Abstract: A method of operating a papermaking process containing a press section with at least one press nip is disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling at least one quality feature of a running material web, in particular a fibrous web, during its production, including a measurement system, an electronic control and/or an evaluation unit. The measurement system measures the quality feature on a running material web repeatedly over the entire width of the material web. The electronic control and/or evaluation unit determines the variability of the quality feature through a variance component analysis, which is conducted on the basis of the profile measure values of a measured value set including several consecutive CD profiles in the machine direction, the set having been recorded during a selectable previous time window. The result of this variance component analysis is also drawn on to control the quality feature.

Abstract: A pulp pre-processor for the papermaking industry uses pulp fiber analyzers to determine the distribution of fiber parameters, such as length, curl or coarseness from a feed source, such as recycled pulp, and mixes metered portions of pulp from augmenting pulp sources on an as-needed basis to provide a uniform distribution of a particular fiber parameter while maximizing use of recycled pulp.

Abstract: A method in the measurement of the flatness of the flow surface of a headbox of a paper machine is disclosed. The flatness is determined by placing a measuring tool on the flat surface formed by the flow surface and measuring the position of the measuring tool at each point. A measuring sensor is arranged in the measuring tool, in order to determine the distance between the measuring tool and the flat surface. In addition, the dimensions provided by the measuring sensors are read and the position of the measuring tool and the dimensions from the measuring sensors are combined, in order to determine the values of the measured points. The invention also relates to equipment in the measurement of the flatness of the flow surface of the headbox of a paper machine.

Abstract: A method for determining the basis weight of a first ply of a fibrous web, which covers a second ply of the fibrous web including the steps of positioning an electromagnetic transmitter and an electromagnetic receiver, radiating the fibrous web, receiving a measuring signal and a reference signal, and determining the basis weight. The positioning an electromagnetic transmitter and an electromagnetic receiver step includes positioning them proximate to a side of the first ply. The radiating the fibrous web step is accomplished by the electromagnetic transmitter radiating the fibrous web with at least one measuring wavelength and at least one reference wavelength, the second ply having different optical characteristics at the measuring wavelength than at the reference wavelength. The receiver receives a measuring signal, which is returned at the measuring wavelength and the receiver receives a reference signal that is returned at the reference wavelength.

Abstract: An image-based measurement technique that directly measures the crepe pattern on a moving sheet employs a suitable arrangement of illumination, optical elements, and an imaging device to obtain digital images of the sheet surface. The image resolution is sufficient to represent tissue crepe folds at the scale of the crepe. A spectral analysis of some or of all the images reveals the crepe folding pitch. Further analysis of the image optionally reveals other crepe structural parameters, such as the distribution of crepe fold orientation angles and distribution of linear fold lengths. Corrective actions can be implemented in response to changes in the crepe structure. The pitch of creping is the primary parameter for describing the crepe pattern; in addition, analyzing the images with a gradient operator can yield information regarding the orientation of the crepe folds and distribution of angles of the crepe furrows on the hood side or equivalently of the crepe seams on the cylinder side.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for defibering recycled fiber material in a drum pulper provided with a substantially horizontal drum. Recycled fiber material and water are fed to the drum pulper and the drum of the drum pulper is simultaneously rotated. When the drum rotates, the recycled fiber material rises up in the rotating drum and finally, due to gravitational force, falls back down. After falling and hitting to the bottom, the recycled fiber material is defibered, forming a fiber pulp mixture with water. A value of at least one parameter describing the defibration process or fiber pulp properties is measured on the basis of the drum pulper or the resultant fiber pulp mixture, and this value is used for controlling the rotation speed of the drum of the drum pulper. The invention also relates to a drum pulper implementing the method of the invention.

Abstract: In order to observe the dry line formed on the surface of wood fibre pulp on the moving wire in a Fourdrinier paper machine, its—atrea of appearance is scanned at a low angle with a thin beam cluster (A1, B1) which, being generated by a laser radiation source (20) and representing one or more discrete wavelengths, is distinguishable from the background light. Hereby the surface following the dry line (I) reflects diffusively a major part and specularly a minor part of the arriving radiation than the surface preceding it. A detector (30) located above the level of the wire observes the intensity of the diffusely reflected radiation (A3, B3) hitting it and delivers continuously, as the beam cluster scans the pulp surface, a signal which is proportional to said intensity.

Abstract: A web making machine is monitored to identify at least one cross-machine direction (CD) actuator that is developing local mapping problems. The identified CD actuator and a segment of surrounding actuators are probed to determine a performance curve for the actuator. The center of an insensitivity region of the performance curve is selected as an optimal mapping alignment setting for the identified actuator with the setting for the actuator being updated. Global smoothing may also be accomplished by probing a global smoothness factor to generate a corresponding performance curve that is then similarly used to select an optimal value for the smoothness factor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the operation of a paper, board or tissue production line (11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18). A magneto-rheological or an electrolrheological fluid, whose flow characteristics are changed in a controlled way, is used in the method. The fluid is used as a lubricant between surfaces in a device consisting of a fixed surface and a surface that is moved over it as a heating medium, as the dampening or the power transmission agent of the movement of paper and/or board equipment (17, 18), or as a hydraulic fluid of the emergency opening cylinders of a set of calender rolls (1) of a paper and/or board machine.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for monitoring the condition of a rotating belt in a paper or cardboard machine. The process includes recording data related to a condition of the belt, and creating an at least two-dimensional image of the belt condition from the recorded condition data. The image depicts a condition characteristic in a machine travel direction and a condition characteristic in a machine crosswise direction. The instant abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in this specification nor intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A cyclic time averaging method is directed at processing time-domain vibration data of the machine to produce an averaged time waveform over a selected cyclic time period. It is not necessary to employ a triggering signal to obtain the averaged time waveform.

Abstract: The temperature of the ceramic elements of a supporting or wiping strip that is assigned to a wire or a felt in a paper production facility, is controlled by guiding a cooling carrier medium or a heating carrier medium through the supporting or wiping strip. For that purpose, the supporting or wiping strip is formed with at least one channel, through which the carrier medium for heat or for cold is pumped.

Abstract: The invention concerns a textile product (6) for use in a paper machine, having a monofilament or a profiled structure as support element (1) on which is arranged a layered sensor for measuring pressure and/or temperature, and is characterized in that the sensor is constituted from at least three layers (2, 3, 4), the second layer (3) having piezoelectric properties and the layers (2, 4) in contact against the second layer (3) forming electrodes that are couplable or coupled to an analysis device. The invention further concerns a method for producing such a textile product.

Abstract: The operation of a doctor assembly (16) in a paper machine is monitored. In case of a malfunction, the paper machine's (10) control devices (14-14?, 15) are used to carry out the necessary measures for eliminating the malfunction and carrying out repair and/or protective measures. In addition, detector devices (20) are arranged in connection with the doctor assembly (16), to detect a malfunction. The detector devices (20) are connected to the control devices (14, 14?, 15) of the paper machine (10), in order to carry out the said measures automatically. The invention also relates to doctor assemblies in a paper machine for implementing the method.

Abstract: A method of forming a cellulosic web is discussed, the product of which may, for example, possess at least one of increased softness, strength, and absorbency. The method measures the total anionic charge and controls the net charge of an aqueous stream.

Abstract: The narrow-scale moisture profile of a paper web is controlled by profiling nozzles (11) of a profiling device (10) which cover part of the width of the web and desired variations of the moisture profile are corrected by the profiling nozzles (11). Coating quantity profile of a paper web may also be controlled. The narrow-scale coating quantity profile is controlled by profiling nozzles (11) of a profiling device (10) which cover part of the width of the web and desired variations of the coating quantity profile are corrected by the profiling nozzles (11). The device (10) for controlling the moisture profile or the coating quantity profile of a paper web has profiling nozzles (11) for controlling narrow-scale moisture profile variation, which cover a desired part of the width of the web, to correct desired variations occurring in the profile in the width direction of the web.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for producing or treating a fibrous web, in particular a paper web or paperboard web, with which at least one property of the fibrous web, in particular a CD (cross direction) profile, such as the moisture CD profile, is established such that a preselected quality range is adhered to or a predefined quality value is undershot by no more than a predefined deviation, wherein the power consumption of the method, in particular the heat energy input, is reduced therewith by establishing at least one property such that the lowest permissible value of the quality range or the maximum permissible deviation is reached at least approximately on a straight line.

Abstract: Disclosed is a machine direction measurement system having an increased cross direction sampling area (significantly larger than the natural sensor measurement window) to generate a more representative and stable machine direction reading of the process. In effect, the sensor should have as wide a coverage area as possible without having to resort to the expense of measuring the entire width of the sheet.

Abstract: A method for affecting moisture content of a sheet of paper includes providing a moisture measuring device disposed in a papermaking machine to measure the moisture content of a sheet of paper and create a moisture profile of the sheet of paper, determining the moisture profile of the sheet of paper, and providing a water-spraying device to spray water on a press felt that contacts the sheet of paper during manufacturing. The method further includes selecting one or more zones on the press felt on which to spray water based on the moisture profile of the sheet of paper, and acting on the press felt by spraying water in the one or more selected zones on the press felt to affect the moisture content of the sheet of paper that contacts the press felt after the water has been sprayed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling a surface quality variable (300) in one or more fiber webs (3) in a shoe calender (1) comprising one or more calender nips. In each calender nip of the shoe calender, the overall loading pressure of the shoe element (8) and the loading pressure difference between the leading edge (8?) and the trailing edge (8?) of the shoe element are controlled so as to achieve minimum difference between the determined values (300?) for the surface quality variables of the fiber web and the set values (300?) for the same quality variables after the shoe calender.

Abstract: A system for controlling a processor having at least one sampling port connected to a stage of the processor in order to sample a reactant product from the processor. The system includes a controller configured to control a processing parameter of the processor based on measurements of at least one property of the reactant product such that changes to the processing parameter maintain a target value for the at least one property of the reactant product. The system further includes a dead time compensator. The dead time compensator is configured, based upon a prescribed dead time related to a time before at least one effect of at least one change to the processing parameter is fully realized, to evaluate the reactant product to determine if the effect has been realized at a plurality of sequential times offset from the dead time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring and analyzing a production process. In the method, a large number of variables are measured from the process, with the aid of these variables, fingerprints according to a good and a poor process situation, relative to runnability, are defined in several sub-processes and are then stored in a memory, the stored fingerprints are compared with fingerprints obtained in a normal process situation, on the basis of the comparison, the difference, displayed graphically to the user, between the recorded good situation and the momentary process situation is defined.

Abstract: A method of controlling the production of filler-containing paper. Filler and retention agent are delivered to a paper manufacturing system in a process of paper manufacture. The amount of filler in the paper is measured, as is also the filler concentration or the total concentration in the white water or the stock. Filler is delivered such that the system will be buffered with filler to a generally pre-determined concentration level. The continual addition of retention agent is based exclusively on the amount of filler in the paper measured at that moment in time. When the measured amount of filler present is lower than a desired level, the addition is increased. When the measured amount of filler present is higher than a desired level, the addition is reduced. The continual addition of filler is based, exclusively on the concentration level of filler measured in the white water or the stock.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for monitoring and analyzing a production process. In the method, a large number of variables are measured from the process, with the aid of these variables, fingerprints according to a good process situation, relative to runnability, are defined in several sub-processes and are then stored in a memory, the stored fingerprints are compared with fingerprints obtained in a normal process situation, on the basis of the comparison, an index of the difference, displayed graphically to the user, between the recorded good situation and the momentary process situation is defined, and a runnability index, depicting the runnability of the entire paper machine and a quality index depicting the quality of the paper produced, are formed from these indices.

Abstract: An image-based technique that measures the orientation of fibers in a moving web of nonwoven material. At least four light spots on one side of the web are illuminated essentially simultaneously with at least four plane-polarized incident substantially perpendicular light beams having different polarization characteristics. Dispersion of the excident light spots is measured on the opposite side of the web along at least one linear section which is at a known angle relative to the plane of polarization of the corresponding plane-polarized incident light beam, wherein at least one such linear section lies substantially across the center of the transmitted excident light spot and extends substantially across the width of the transmitted excident light spot. Variations in the dispersion of the transmitted excident light spot for the at least four plane-polarized light beams are calculated, and the fiber orientation is estimated from the variations.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a cellulosic paper product is provided. The process comprises forming an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers; introducing sodium bicarbonate into the aqueous suspension; depositing the aqueous suspension onto a sheet-forming fabric to form a wet web; and dewatering and drying the wet web. The process of the present invention provides cellulosic paper products exhibiting a reduced malodor upon re-wetting.

Abstract: Method for predicting properties of a product of cellulose-fibre-based pulp, paper or paperboard, wherein a suspension of cellulose fibre is subjected to analysis, during manufacture of the product, by spectroscopic measurements of a sample quantity of the suspension, in a spectrum in the wavelength range 200–2500 nm. The method comprises diluting each sample quantity prior to analysis, dewatering and drying one partial flow and subjecting that partial flow to spectroscopic measurements, and analyzing a second partial flow of the diluted sample quantity for physical fiber data, by means of image analysis. Each sample quantity analyzed generates at least 100 data points from the spectroscopic measurement distributed in the selected spectrum, and at least 50 data points with regard to the physical fibre data, in the form of one or more physical fibre property distributions with regard to at least one physical property selected from fibre length, fibre width and fibre shape.

Abstract: A system for maintaining calender rolls of a paper machine clean when producing high-gloss paper or coated paper, such as LWC or MWC. To prevent a coating agent, such as coating dye, from adhering onto and soiling a smooth surface of a calender roll, with an overheating phenomenon, the system has a second measurement station (10) provided with measuring and indicator means for producing an output indicating soiledness of the web (W) or a humidity profile. When the output of the second measurement station (10) indicates excessive soiledness or an uneven humidity profile, the system performs at least one of: cleaning the surface of the smooth-surfaced calender roll; changing the nip load in the calender (5); making a correction adjustment of the CD-directional humidity profile of the web (W); cutting the web (W) and conducting it into the pulper; and/or changing the running speed of the web (W).