Abstract: A monitoring system comprising: (a) one or more sensors that monitor activity, amplitude, size, scale, duration of activity or a combination thereof of stock on a paper machine and (b) a control system in communication with the one or more sensors and one or more foil sections within the paper machine; wherein the control system measures the activity, amplitude, size, scale, duration of activity or a combination thereof of the stock and correlates the activity, amplitude, size, scale, duration of activity or a combination thereof to formation of fibers within the stock so that an angle, height, or both of the one or more foil sections are adjusted to change the activity, amplitude, size, scale, duration of activity or a combination thereof in the stock.

Abstract: An improved method for producing paper from pulp includes a plurality of subassemblies arranged in the forming or wet section of a Fourdrinier. The Fourdrinier includes a dewatering table having a plurality of blades that are static and on-the run adjustable in height and/or angle to control orientation of paper fibers in the stack to create a superior quality of paper and improved paper strength characteristics. Gravity and vacuum assisted drainage elements are equipped with on-the-run adjustable angle and height dewatering foil blades starting from a paper dryness of 0.1% and extending all the way to 5% dryness. The result of this process and machine is to improve the paper quality, save fibers and chemicals and fulfill the required paper properties.

Abstract: An improved method for producing paper from pulp includes a plurality of subassemblies arranged in the forming or wet section of a Fourdrinier. The Fourdrinier includes a dewatering table having a plurality of blades that are static and on-the run adjustable in height and/or angle to control orientation of paper fibers in the stack to create a superior quality of paper and improved paper strength characteristics. Gravity and vacuum assisted drainage elements are equipped with on-the-run adjustable angle and height dewatering foil blades starting from a paper dryness of 0.1% and extending all the way to 5% dryness. The result of this process and machine is to improve the paper quality, save fibers and chemicals and fulfill the required paper properties.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus used in the formation of paper. More specifically the present invention is directed to an apparatus, system, and method for lowering the consistency or degree of density of fiber suspension on the forming table, and improving the quality and physical properties of the paper formed thereon.

Abstract: An improved method for producing paper from pulp includes a plurality of subassemblies arranged in the forming or wet section of a Fourdrinier. The Fourdrinier includes a dewatering table having a plurality of blades that are static and on-the run adjustable in height and/or angle to control orientation of paper fibers in the stock to create a superior quality of paper and improved paper strength characteristics. Gravity and vacuum assisted drainage elements are equipped with on-the-run adjustable angle and height dewatering foil blades starting from a paper dryness of 0.1% and extending all the way to 5% dryness. The result of this process and machine is to improve the paper quality, save fibers and chemicals and fulfill the required paper properties.

Abstract: Processes for making fluff pulp sheets mechanically eliminate many unwanted fiber-to-fiber bonding (fiber bundles) in the sheet. Pulp slurry is deposited on a moving bottom forming wire to form a stock web. Pulp slurry is brought into contact with a moving top forming wire. The stock web is subjected to up and down dewatering creating separately formed layers to reduce fiber-to-fiber bonding. The stock web can be subjected to strong pulsating shear forces as it is being advanced along the bottom forming wire to break fiber bundles. The pulp slurry can be deposited on the bottom forming wire utilizing a headbox with dilution control to selectively adjust the concentration of the pulp slurry. Shoe presses can be used to dewater the web after it is subjected to the pulsating shear forces.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method in a fiber web machine. In the method, a fabric (12) included in the fiber web machine is used for supporting a web (14) produced by the fiber web machine. Moreover, in the method the location of the fabric (12) is changed in the cross direction (CD) of the fiber web machine. The location is changed by means of oscillation, the amplitude (19) of which is kept so high that the area of impact (20) of the web (14) on the fabric (12) is wider than the width (21) of the web (14) throughout the lifetime of the fabric (12). The invention also relates to an arrangement in a fiber web machine, and to a software product.

Abstract: An improved method for producing paper from pulp includes a plurality of subassemblies arranged in the forming or wet section of a Fourdrinier. The Fourdrinier includes a dewatering table having a plurality of blades that are static and on-the run adjustable in height and/or angle to control orientation of paper fibers in the stock to create a superior quality of paper and improved paper strength characteristics. Gravity and vacuum assisted drainage elements are equipped with on-the-run adjustable angle and height dewatering foil blades starting from a paper dryness of 0.1% and extending all the way to 5% dryness. The result of this process and machine is to improve the paper quality, save fibers and chemicals and fulfill the required paper properties.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus used in the formation of paper. More specifically the present invention is directed to an apparatus, system, and method for lowering the consistency or degree of density of fiber suspension on the forming table, and improving the quality and physical properties of the paper formed thereon.

Abstract: A multi-layer web formation section has two successive wire units (300, 310) with a common wire (11). A first headbox (100) supplies fiber pulp to the first wire unit (300) forming a first partial web (W1). A second headbox (110) supplies a new fiber pulp layer to the forward end of the second wire unit (310) atop the first partial web. A first non-pulsating dewatering zone (Z1b) in the forward end of a two-wire stretch of the second wire unit (310) has a first formation shoe (200b) with a curved cap (201) placed on the side of the new layer having openings (202) extending through the cap (201) with an under-pressure (P) affecting therethrough. A two-wire stretch of the second wire unit (310) has a second pulsating dewatering zone (Z2b) formed by fixed dewatering lists (210b), between which there are gaps (220b) and an under-pressure (Pb) affecting in these.

Abstract: An apparatus for feeding one or more chemicals into a process stream of a papermaking process is disclosed, as well as a method of utilizing the apparatus for feeding one or more chemicals into a process stream is disclosed.

Abstract: The method is for treating a liquid or slurry with an ultrasonic energy. A first rotatable member being permeable to a medium and a first vibrating device are provided. The first vibrating device and the first member have a first gap formed therebetween so that the first gap represents a first distance. A guide member aligned with the first member exerts a pressure on the medium. The guide member breaks up fiber flocculation close to the upper surface of the medium. The medium is fed between the first member and the guide member. The first vibrating device generates pulses through the first member to form imploding bubbles in the medium. The bubbles have a critical diameter prior to implosion that is greater than the first distance to prevent the bubbles from growing in the first gap to a size greater than the first distance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring vibrational forces to a wire of a papermaking machine for forming a web on the wire and for dampening vibrations imparted to the papermaking machine. In some embodiments, the apparatus is a vibrational device including a vibrational device frame, a vibration isolator coupled to the vibrational device frame to dampen vibration transmission to the papermaking machine, a vibration-inducing mechanism coupled to the vibrational device frame and operable to generate a vibration having a frequency and positioned laterally with respect to the vibration isolator in the cross-machine direction, and a vibrational head coupled to the vibration-inducing mechanism and directly contacting the wire to impart vibration to the wire.

Abstract: The method is for treating a liquid or slurry with an ultrasonic energy. A movable endless member is provided that is permeable to a liquid. A transverse foil is disposed below the member and extends across the member and a transducer is in operative engagement with the foil. The member is moved about rollers. The transducer generates pressure pulses into the foil to form implosion bubbles in the liquid disposed above the member. The implosion bubbles have a first diameter (d1). A gap is formed between the member and the foil. The gap represents a distance (d2) that is less than the diameter (d1) of the bubbles to prevent any bubbles of critical size to be captured in the gap.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for improving the properties of a fiber web. The properties that require a stronger fiber orientation transversely to the direction of wire travel are improved without essentially detrimentally affecting those properties that profit from a stronger relative motion between the fibrous suspension and the at least one wire of the sheet formation device. A fiber material web that is formed from the fibrous suspension is carried by at least one wire over a multitude of wire guiding and dewatering elements creating cross flows in the fiber suspension relative to the direction of wire travel, in order to achieve better web properties and higher transverse strength. These elements initiates hydrodynamic impulses in the fibrous suspension that are effective transversely to the direction of wire travel and that cause the aforementioned stronger fiber orientation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of draining a fibre pulp suspension, where the fibre pulp suspension is applied to a convergent dewatering space arranged between two wires travelling in the same direction. In the dewatering space, water and powdery substance are removed from the fibre pulp suspension through the wires. Pressure pulses are generated in the fibre pulp suspension along the length of the dewatering space with pressure pulse elements that are on opposite sides of the wires relative to the fibre pulp suspension and in contact with or at a distance from the wires. The invention also relates to an apparatus according to the method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring a vibrational force to the wire of a papermaking machine in order to re-align the fibers of the web forming on the wire or to clean press section felts. In some embodiments, the apparatus is a vibrational device including at least one vibration-inducing mechanism, a vibrational head coupled to the vibration-inducing mechanism for vibrating the wire, and a dampening mechanism coupled between the vibrational head and the vibration-inducing mechanism.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring a vibrational force to the wire of a papermaking machine in order to re-align the fibers of the web forming on the wire or to clean press section felts. In one preferred embodiment, the apparatus is a vibrational device including a vibrational device frame, at least one vibration-inducing mechanism coupled to the vibrational device frame, and a vibrational head coupled to the vibration-inducing mechanism for vibrating the wire.

Abstract: A variable frequency foil (VFF) box assembly and mechanisms for moving individual foils/foil beams and individual foil beam sets relative to each other to adjust the frequency of a paper making machine, and method of use are provided. The VFF box assembly allows for continuously and uniformly adjusting the pitch distances of individual foils within foil sets over a finite range, and also adjusting the distance between foil sets during the continuous operation of a paper making machine. Also provided is a variable frequency assembly comprising a combination of dewatering elements such as one or more foil elements and table rolls, a multi-surfaced foil element, and/or an adjustable angle foil element.

Abstract: A process for increasing the tactile properties of a base web without adversely effecting the strength of the web is disclosed. In one embodiment, the process includes the steps of placing a base web between a first moving conveyor and a second moving conveyor. The conveyors are then wrapped around a shear-inducing roll which creates shear forces that act upon the base web. The shear forces disrupt the web, increasing the softness and decreasing the stiffness of the web. The shear-inducing roll typically has a relatively small diameter. In some applications, more than one shear-inducing roll may be incorporated into the system. Base webs made according to the present invention have been found to have improved void-volume and fuzz-on-edge properties.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for improving forming of a web of paper or paper board employing prepressing during web forming. Forming wires are brought together over at least one roll or alternatively two rolls. The web then passes, sandwiched between two wires through one or more pressure nips which may be one or more roll nips or an extended nips. The pressure nip may be formed as the web travels between the two fabrics, one of them being a forming wire, along a straight path or alternatively as the web travels partially around a roll. The web is then sandwiched between a wire and a fabric, which may be a felt or a belt, and passed through another press nip which may be one or more roll nips or an extended nip.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring a vibrational force to the wire of a papermaking machine in order to re-align the fibers of the web forming on the wire or to clean press section felts. In one preferred embodiment, the apparatus is a vibrational device including a vibrational device frame, at least one vibration-inducing mechanism coupled to the vibrational device frame, and a vibrational head coupled to the vibration-inducing mechanism for vibrating the wire.

Abstract: Method for improving the formation of a web material in a wire machine, including dispersing existing flocks in stock which is transported along a transport direction from an inlet box onto a plurality of wire sections which are arranged after each other along the direction of travel, counteracting the reformation of flocks in the stock on the wire by furnishing ultrasound energy as ultrasound waves with frequencies between 15 and 75 kHz to the stock on the wire sections. The ultrasound has a higher frequency within at least one section which is closer to the inlet box than a subsequent section further away from the inlet box, within which subsequent section the ultrasound has as lower frequency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating turbulence in stock to deflocculate the stock in an open surface forming section of a paper making machine comprises a dewatering box providing vacuum assisted drainage and which has a set of dewatering elements that impart turbulence into relatively thick stock layers carried at machine operating speeds of equal up to about 400 m/min, for the production of paper products having a basis weight generally in excess of about 160 gsm. Each set of elements includes a lead-in element, at least one intermediate element, and a trailing element. The path of the forming fabric is deflected downwardly as it passes over the intermediate elements, which are inclined at an angle of from about 0.25.degree. to about 10.degree. from a plane defined by forming fabric supporting surfaces on the lead-in and riser elements. This vertical movement initiates turbulence and agitation in the stock, which acts both to deflocculate the stock and to diminish the possibility of sheet sealing.

Abstract: A drainage device and method which provides for drainage from paper or pulp stock on a fabric in a sheet or mat making machine which includes a primary blade and trail blade with a gap therebetween for drainage wherein the size of the gap controls drainage and the primary blade is so configured so as to force a portion of the drained liquid through the fabric to create paper stock activity and disbursement while minimizing turbulence and maintaining laminar flow in the machine direction along with providing reinforcement of CD shear.

Abstract: The apparatus of the present invention is a papermaking machine with a forming fabric in a looped configuration. The forming fabric carries paper stock through the papermaking process. The forming fabric passes over a liquid-filled cavity which is bounded on its lower surface by a flexible non-permeable membrane. A roll with regular protrusions underneath the membrane is rotated to vertically excite the membrane, the liquid-filled cavity, and, subsequently, the paper stock in order to disperse the paper stock into a random orientation.

Abstract: A wire part of a machine for the production of continuous fibrous material webs, especially a papermaking machine, includes two continuous wire belts which together form a twin-wire zone. At least one supporting element having a supporting surface is disposed in the region of the twin-wire zone. At least a part of the supporting surface provides a supporting region which supports a first wire belt on its inner surface and a second wire belt on its outer surface. At least one formation box is provided and is disposed in the supporting region. The formation box is designed in such a way that, in the region of the inner surface of the second wire belt in the formation box, pressure values can be adjusted from a reduced pressure to an excess pressure acting on the inner surface of the second wire belt. The formation box extends in the direction of movement of the wire part over at least a part of the supporting region.

Abstract: A tissue web (W), which has improved formation and improved tensile properties but no appreciable deterioration of retention and layer purity, if applicable, in comparison with tissue webs produced in conventional twin wire tissue formers, may be formed in a roll type twin wire former by draining 90-99%, preferably 98-99%, of all drainable water from the slurry while on the forming roll (1), preferably a suction forming roll, the remaining 1-10%, preferably 1-2%, of the drainable water being sufficient to have a substantial amount of the papermaking fibers free in the slurry during an initial phase of a subsequent step, and, downstream of said forming roll (1), draining said remaining 1-10%, preferably 1-2%, from the slurry while vibrating the slurry sufficiently to create a micro-turbulence causing a small scale agitation of the fibers to prevent them from forming any appreciable fibrous web (W) on the two forming fabrics (3; 4) until the water remaining in the slurry is insufficient for allowing the fibers

Abstract: An improved cross direction fiber movement and dewatering device for typical papermaking machinery comprised of a main body (22) typically made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene conventionally machined with vacuum orientation diagonal slots (30) with alternating flat support zones on the top of the unit, equal in relation to the machined vacuum slots (31). The device promotes fiber reorientation on x and y axis, or cross direction to the general flow patterns of the paper machine while dewatering the pulp slurry (20) and promoting improved paper qualities.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a roll shake connected to a roll in a paper-making machine, wherein the roll is movable in a direction generally parallel to an axis of the roll. A first hydraulic ram assembly, including a first cylinder and a first ram reciprocally disposed in the first cylinder, is attached to the roll. A second hydraulic ram assembly, including a second cylinder and a second ram reciprocally disposed in the second cylinder, is rigidly connected to the first cylinder. A counter mass is connected to the second ram, and is movable in a direction generally parallel to the roll axis. A controller is connected to the first hydraulic ram assembly and the second hydraulic ram assembly. The controller independently controls reciprocating movements of the first ram and the second ram within the first cylinder and the second cylinder, respectively, whereby a resultant momentum of the roll and the counter mass is approximately equal to zero at any point in time.

Abstract: A turbulence roll for a web former. The roll generates high frequency small-scale vibration in the stock on the forming fabric whereby fluidization of the partially formed fiber mat and dispersion of fiber flocs in the stock is brought about. The turbulence roll is formed of a shaft on which a plurality of discs (32) is disposed a distance apart from each other and a plurality of lengthwise extending rods (34) is attached to the rims of the discs and spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for improving stock formation on an open surface paper making machine is described. By the use of both a path for the forming fabric which introduces a controlled level of agitation into the stock, and a low level of vacuum in a suction box extending continuously for at least the major proportion of the forming section, improvements both in paper quality, such as improved wire mark, and in machine operation, such as an improved first pass retention, are obtained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed whereby the rate of drainage of the stock on a Fourdrinier paper making machine can be controlled for the full length of an open surface forming section. A continuous sealed drainage box is used from adjacent the head box slice to the end of the forming section, within which the air pressure can be controlled. In the area adjacent the head box slice drainage is hindered by the use of a positive (above ambient atmospheric) pressure, while further along the forming section the pressure is decreased to a negative value (below ambient atmospheric). Improved paper formation and first pass retention are obtained.

Abstract: In a Fourdrinier paper making machine a dispersion roll mounted between the headbox and the suction and dewatering means, underneath in contact with the Fourdrinier travelling fabric and extending laterally across the width of the fabric, and adapted to rotate at about the same speed as that of the fabric; the roll having a fluted surface of alternating lands and grooves, and a plurality of spaced, parallel, lateral slots across each said land to communicate each groove with the next adjacent groove. The function of the roll is to vibrate the travelling fabric and cause better dispersion of the paper fibers.

Abstract: A method for forming a paper web by which web formation is improved and flocculation in the web is reduced includes the steps of feeding steam under pressure into the fiber suspension when the suspension enters into the gap of the former and as web formation is initiated over the perforated mantle of the forming roll. The steam is fed from a steam supply chamber or the like provided within the forming roll through the perforations in the roll mantle within a steam supply sector of the roll mantle. The steam feed is applied to the pulp web when the web is still substantially uncouched and in a manner such that when the steam condenses in the pulp suspension, an implosion is generated in the pulp suspension which produces high frequency mechanical vibrations which can be closely controlled to achieve the desired effects. A twin-wire former and forming roll therefor for applying the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A papermaking machine including a non-dewatering forming board comprising a plurality of contiguous blades and a plurality of shower nozzles for showering stock carried by a forming medium over the forming board with a plurality of needle jets of water, each needle jet of water extending in a downstream direction, forming a small acute angle with the stock, and being in close proximity with the stock so that the needle jets of water impinge upon the stock as continuous streams.

Abstract: The washing efficiency of removal of cooking and bleaching chemicals from cellulose paper pulp on horizontal belt washing filters is improved by disrupting the filter mat adjacent the belt intermediately of soft, displacement wash liquor applications to the filter mat topside. The objective may be achieved by directing a line of low volume, high pressure jets of filtrate or wash liquor against the belt underside. Alternatively, sonicly vibrated foils extended transversely of and adjacent to the belt are effective to disrupt the filler mat pursuant to the invention objective.

Abstract: The washing efficiency of removal of cooking and bleaching chemicals from cellulose paper pulp on horizontal belt washing filters is improved by disrupting the filter mat adjacent the belt intermediately of soft, displacement wash liquor applications to the filter mat topside. The objective may be achieved by directing a line of low volume, high pressure jets of filtrate or wash liquor against the belt underside. Alternatively, sonicly vibrated foils extended transversely of and adjacent to the belt are effective to disrupt the filler mat pursuant to the invention objective.

Abstract: Relatively small easily exchangeable wear resistant inserts are mounted in a plurality of lengthwise grooves in a forming board or foil blade of a paper making machine so that a portion of each insert protrudes above the surface of the blade to form cross-machine direction channels on the blade. The channels promote agitation of the pulp stock on the forming fabric as it passes in contact with the blade.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the production of a composite sheet material and a material produced thereby are described, a typical product being a lightweight permanent or temporary formwork sheet of accurate thickness and parallelism made from material including glass fiber reinforced cement. A base or mould is moved through successive stations at which uncured but curable material is deposited in layers thereon. At least the final layer is consolidated by a local surface treatment with a vibratory screeder, the influence of which spreads through the material to promote intimate bonding together of the uncured layers. In a preferred form, the material comprises three layers, the first and third being of glass fiber reinforced cement and the central second layer being of cementitious material including a lightweight aggregate such as hollow microspheres.

Abstract: The wet end of a fourdrinier paper machine includes a transversely disposed roll beneath the wire. The roll is shaped and mounted for rotation at a speed which is different from the speed of the wire to create pulses of negative pressure beneath the wire for drawing liquid from the web of fibers formed thereon. Also disclosed is a fin apparatus transversely disposed beneath the wire to create a wave of positive pressure thereunder to urge the formed web off of the wire.

Abstract: By imposing pressure pulses on mobile fibers in suspension in paper making stock slurry in the primary drainage area of the forming zone of a roll former substantially uniform distribution of the fibers is effected in forming of the paper web. A device for effecting the pressure pulses is located adjacent to the primary drainage area and may comprise a pressure pulse producing element of selected shape to control the length of the pressure pulse for the particular character of paper making fiber stock slurry involved in the paper web being formed.

Abstract: Fiber reinforced cement is continuously prepared by forming a conveyor by connecting a plurality of suction boxes each having a perforated plate, contacting the perforated plates of the suction boxes with a filter cloth and moving the suction boxes with the filter cloth at a synchronous speed, feeding a cementitious slurry and a fiber on the filter cloth, removing excess water by suction from the cementitious slurry through a suction trough connected to a suction device, and releasing the suction on the suction boxes to separate the filter cloth from the perforated plates of the suction boxes.

Abstract: The paper-making stock on a paper machine is improved by running the forming fabric, carrying the stock, as a layer of a dilute aqueous dispersion of fibers, over a modified low-vacuum suction box having a slotted cover made up of elongated blades dividing the suction area into a grid. The surfaces of some of the blades support the fabric and the surfaces of others are lowered a small amount to allow the fabric to undulate and agitate the stock without substantially changing the grid area of the drainage surface. The lower level surfaces form a fluid seal with the undersurface of the fabric.

Abstract: In a substantially conventional system for receiving and conveying a fluid suspension of material there is an endless porous belt screen on which the material is spread and a tray beneath the belt to catch liquid which passes through the belt. A suction box beneath the belt near the area of deposition draws off some liquid. Superimposed on the conventional system is a resonant frequency energy source in the form of a roll assembly consisting in part of an outer shell in the form of an exterior cylindrical roll supported on shock mounts and in constant engagement with the underside of the belt. The exterior cylindrical roll is driven at a circumferential speed equal to the linear speed of travel of the belt.

Abstract: The invention is to shake the upper run of a Fourdrinier forming fabric of a paper machine by imparting vibratory motion, in a direction transverse to the machine direction, to light-weight foil blades mounted at the dilute end of the Fourdrinier section. The foils, which are in contact with the fabric, cause the upper run to vibrate in the same transverse direction, thereby shaking the stock and improving paper formation. It is preferred to vibrate the foils at a frequency close to the resonant natural frequency of the upper run of a fabric or a harmonic thereof. All or part of the top surface of some of the foils, which contact the upper run of the forming fabric, may be coated with a material having a relatively high coefficient of friction to increase the frictional contact between the upper surface of the foil and the forming fabric.

Abstract: A paper forming machine includes at least one porous rotatable cylinder. An inner forming fabric or media in mesh form (hereinafter referred to as "inner forming media") is guided through a path around the cylinder and has a straight portion immediately before the cylinder. An outer forming fabric or media in mesh form (hereinafter referred to as "outer forming media") is guided so as to form a closing angle over the straight path of the inner forming media toward the uppermost portion of the cylinder, and is guided around a portion of the cylinder over the inner forming media and through a path in juxtaposition with the inner forming media leading away from the cylinder. Paper is formed by depositing a paper forming material slurry on the straight portion of the inner forming media which is porous so that the slurry becomes partly dehydrated and the fibers become oriented in the direction of movement.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for continuously producing a dense board of cement-like material reinforced by glass fiber, which comprises (1) preparing a slurry of cement-like material; (2) simultaneously spraying the cement-like slurry and short lengths of glass fiber on a suction conveyor in such a manner that the cement-like slurry stream and the glass fiber stream intersect on the suction conveyor to form a dense mat of an intimate mixture of the two; and (3) dehydrating the mat by pulse-like intermittent suction using one or more suction boxes before the cement-like material begins to set, and to an apparatus used in carrying out the process.