Abstract: A static dewatering element (10) for a web forming machine has a thermally sprayed coating (26) manufactured of powder particles (34). The powder particles (34) are agglomerates composed of primary particles (36). The average size of the primary particles (36) is smaller than 0.5 ?m. The invention also relates to a method for covering a static dewatering element designed for a web forming machine.

Abstract: Methods for uniformly distributing a flowing medium to a surface such as that of a rotary liquid permeable roll are disclosed where the flowing medium is distributed by a number of distribution units, the method including distributing the flowing medium to each of the distribution units and separately controlling the flow of the flowing medium to each of the distribution units whereby a uniform flow and an equal amount of the flowing medium is obtained in each of the distribution units. Distribution devices for uniformly distributing a flowing medium to such a surface are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process that can utilize current paper manufacturing facilities by adding consecutive spray apparatuses that can make and/or enhance the manufacture of a multitude of specific paper products on-line, or improve the properties of already formed paper products with consequent spraying steps on-line or off-line.

Abstract: A multi-phase, non-heat seal tea bag web material is provided with a pattern on either the top or bottom phases. The top phase is formed from fibers, such as hardwood, that provide a tighter or more dense fibrous phase than the vegetable fibers used in the base phase. Patterning can be provided during web formation by using a knuckled wire or by applying a fluid jet against the top of the web material. The sifting characteristics of the multi-phase web material are comparable to or better than that exhibited by single phase material.

Abstract: Methods for uniformly distributing a flowing medium to a surface such as that of a rotary liquid permeable roll are disclosed where the flowing medium is distributed by a number of distribution units, the method including distributing the flowing medium to each of the distribution units and separately controlling the flow of the flowing medium to each of the distribution units whereby a uniform flow and an equal amount of the flowing medium is obtained in each of the distribution units. Distribution devices for uniformly distributing a flowing medium to such a surface are also disclosed.

Abstract: A mat containing highly machine direction oriented (90% or greater), discontinuous reinforcement fibers, is produced on inclined wire or rotary paper making machinery. Fibers are first uniformly dispersed in an aqueous medium containing thickeners and wetting agents. In one embodiment, antifoaming agents are also added to prevent floating fibers which entangle and reduce orientation. Thermoplastic fibers or particles may also be included. Stock is brought into an open headbox in a flow pattern which allows the fibers to decelerate before approaching the porous suction belt (wire). As the fibers approach the suction belt, the fibers begin to turn and align in the streamline so as to present one end toward the suction wire. The leading ends of the fibers are gripped by the moving belt which drags the fibers out of the dispersion stock in a straight line. The porous mat produced may be dried and bonded through hot air, heat and/or pressure, or chemical binders.

Abstract: Process of forming a headbox for a machine, which includes arranging a plurality of headbox channels into rows and columns, positioning a lamella between adjacent rows, fixing an end of the lamella at a fixing point, and arranging lamellar supports downstream of, relative to a headbox flow direction, the fixing point.

Abstract: Method for forming a continuous web on a forming fabric includes providing a pressurized chamber, processing the forming fabric through the pressurized chamber, and distributing a pressurized flow of a slurry having a first composition in the pressurized chamber across the width of the forming fabric to form the continuous web.

Abstract: A multi-ply web forming method and apparatus are disclosed for forming a top ply onto a base ply. A fiber suspension jet is by means of a secondary headbox (21; 21′, 26) delivered into a twin-wire roll nip created by two tensioned wires (16, 22; 16′, 22′; 22, 27) one of which (16; 16′, 22) carries the moist base ply.

Abstract: A fibrous, porous web material of the non-heat seal tissue having a basis weight of 9-18 gm-2 and comprises a first layer and a second layer juxtaposed thereto wherein the second layer. The first layer comprising vegetable fibers and a second layer comprising hardwood fibers, the second layer has a smaller pore size than the first layer. The paper is useful for producing beverage infusion bags (e.g. teabags) from which there is minimal passage of fine particles from the bags into their packaging.

Abstract: A two-wire former for producing a web of fibrous material, in particular a paper web, is designed as a gap-former with the following characteristics: a first and a second wires form together a twin wire; a headbox injects the pulp directly between the two wires; at least one first dewatering zone consists in the advance direction of a curved, non-rotary, interrupted surface, for example a forming shoe or several strips that form together a surface. The invention is characterized in that a convex dewatering element that starts directly at the point of impact of the jet of pulp is provided at the beginning of the first dewatering zone, seen in the advance direction, and has at least two curvature radii Ri in contact with the wires. Both curvature radii Ri are smaller than the curvature radius Ri+l that follows them in the advance direction.

Abstract: A two-wire former for producing a web of fibrous material, in particular a paper web, is designed as a gap-former with the following characteristics: a first and a second wires form together a twin wire; a headbox injects the pulp directly between the two wires; at least one first dewatering zone consists in the advance direction of a curved, non-rotary, interrupted surface, for example, a forming shoe or several strips that form together a surface. The invention is characterized in that a convex dewatering element that starts directly at the point of impact of the jet of pulp is provided at the beginning of the first dewatering zone, seen in the advance direction, and has at least two curvature radii Ri in contact with the wires. Both curvature radii Ri are smaller than the curvature radius Ri+1 that follows them in the advance direction.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for uniformly distributing a flowing medium flowing in a first direction in a conduit onto a surface so as to form a uniformly distributed medium thereon having a width greater than that of the conduit, the method including deflecting the flow of the flowing medium and simultaneously spreading the flowing medium from the width of the conduit to the greater width in a direction transverse to the first direction, and again deflecting the flowing medium in a passage having a generally curvilinear shape transverse to the surface in order to provide a substantially uniformly distributed and parallel flow of the flowing medium onto the surface.

Abstract: A two-wire web-forming section for a paper machine includes two wire loops, consisting of a first wire (1) and a second wire (2), water draining therethrough from a web (W) to be formed in two directions within a two-wire dewatering zone established by the wires. A breast roll (4) guiding first wire (1) is open and a constricted slice jet (S) comes into contact with first wire (1) within the contact area of open roll (4) and with second wire (2) downstream of breast roll (5) guiding it. The distance (1) of wire (1) lying on open breast roll (4) at the diverging point of the first wire and breast roll (4) from said second wire (2) lying straight between its own breast roll (5) and the guide element (6) guiding the wires together is less, preferably 1-4 mm less than the thickness of the constricted slice jet (S).

Abstract: Method and apparatus for manufacturing planar fiber webs from reinforcing fibers which are oriented in their passage through a hydrodynamic orientation section and deposited on a filter surface. In the process, the rotating orientation section produces a laminar flow pattern causing the reinforcing fibers in the slurry to be oriented. The filter surface is rotated, as is the orientation section, to hasten the extraction of the slurry liquid by filtration, to improve the degree of orientation of the fibers, and to fix the oriented fiber cake on the filter area. Extraction of the slurry liquid by filtration eliminates the need for washing or rewashing.

Abstract: Multilayer paper of superior layer purity and formation is produced by discharging a plurality of superimposed jets of papermaking stock from a headbox into the throat of a roll former, preventing the discharged jets from coming together for a short distance by introducing air between adjacent jets as they leave the headbox, and maintaining the velocity of the jet closest to a plain forming roll in the roll former slightly higher than the velocity of an adjacent discharged jet.

Abstract: A twin-wire papermaking machine contains a region having two wires guided in mutual contact with one another and at which there is located at least one stock infeed device. The stock infeed device possesses the form of a box or cabinet member having an open side along which move both of the wires. Within the stock infeed device there is located a fibrous stock suspension suitable for the fabrication of paper and which is at an excess pressure in relation to the atmosphere. At the side of the wires facing away from the stock infeed device there can be arranged a suction device.

Abstract: A method for forming a multilayer jet by delivering a plurality of superposed, spaced apart jets of stock through a slice opening towards a web forming zone, keeping the jets separated for part of the distance between the slice opening and the forming zone, and thereafter, but not later than the arrival of the jets at the forming zone, allowing the jets to come into direct contact to produce a stratified jet. Separation of the jets in this fashion is effected by forming and maintaining gaseous wedges in the spaces between them after delivery through the slice opening.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for controlling the deposition of a liquid on to a moving surface.A jet of liquid (3) is deposited from a reservoir outlet (2) on to a moving surface (4) located below the outlet. Deposition is effected by discharging a jet of the liquid on to the underside of a curved guide member (5) which is disposed between the outlet and the moving surface and which is oriented so as to cause the liquid to flow down the member on its underside so that its direction of flow approaches the direction of travel of the moving surface.The invention is particularly advantageous in the production of paper webs, especially multi-layer paper webs on a Fourdrinier paper-making machine.

Abstract: A non-laminated paper sheet product characterized by regions or islands of increased thickness, usually located in the center of the sheet for more economical use of the paper product and for conservation of wood pulp. The regions of increased thickness are formed by depositing or laying additional pulp stock onto a generally uniform thickness paper web in the web-forming area of a paper machine in either wet or dry methods of paper production. Continuous regions of increased thickness in the web can be formed by corresponding variations in the width of the web or by spraying the additional pulp onto the forming web. Islands of increased web thickness can be formed by periodically interrupting pulp stock depositing sprayheads disposed at spaced locations across the width of the forming web, with timing devices or web thickness sensors controlling the sprayheads.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of forming a continuous fibrous paper web by depositing the stock onto a forming run of a fourdrinier wire while dewatering the stock and collecting water beneath the wire and depositing the stock onto the wire from a spray or flooded area through a distribution wire extending parallel and in closely spaced relation to the forming run of the fourdrinier wire with the distribution wire aiding in the distribution of the stock and random orientation of the fibers and giving the stock a velocity essentially the same as the forming wire to encourage and maintain the random orientation of the fibers as droplets of the stock are deposited on the fourdrinier wire.

Abstract: A technique for forming single or multi-layer sheets of fibrous material having a controllable fiber distribution is described. A pair of spraying rollers each having a system of circumferentially spaced radial vanes on its surface are supported within the upper portion of a working zone defined between a pair of continually advancing, downwardly converging sieves that are disposed symmetrical to a longitudinal axis. The rollers are rotated in respectively opposite directions to intercept at least one fibrous suspension downwardly directed into the working zone, and to thereafter propel the intercepted liquid outwardly and downwardly toward the sides of the working zone in symmetrical fashion. The fibrous layers thus built up on the advancing sieves converge into the final sheet in the lower portion of the working zone. Separate facilities are associated with the upper and lower portions of the working zone for drawing liquid from the formed layers outwardly through the sieves.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a water-repellent, fluffy lightweight batt of wood pulp fibers comprising applying a water-repellent material to a surface of a dry wood pulp board so that the water-repellent penetrates through only a portion of the board. The treated board is ground to individualize the fibers, and the ground fibers are collected in a batt with the water-repellent treated fibers distributed uniformly throughout to produce a fluffy, water-repellent batt of wood pulp fibers.

Abstract: Mats of aligned fibers are formed by feeding a dispersion of fibers through an aligning nozzle onto the inner surface of a cylindrical permeable surface and rotating the surface sufficiently rapidly to remove the dispersion medium and maintain the fiber alignment on the surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for continuously producing a dense board of cement-like material reinforced by glass fiber, which comprises (1) preparing a slurry of cement-like material; (2) simultaneously spraying the cement-like slurry and short lengths of glass fiber on a suction conveyor in such a manner that the cement-like slurry stream and the glass fiber stream intersect on the suction conveyor to form a dense mat of an intimate mixture of the two; and (3) dehydrating the mat by pulse-like intermittent suction using one or more suction boxes before the cement-like material begins to set, and to an apparatus used in carrying out the process.