Abstract: A mechanically induced vacuum driven delivery system for providing pre-vaporized fuel to an internal combustion engine, the major benefit being that fuel can be precisely controlled.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is superimposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. Also disclosed is the effective mixing of the jets generating cross-machine direction (CD) shear between the rows of jets that form at the outlet of the tubes inside the nozzle chamber of the headbox to align paper fibers in the cross-machine direction.

Abstract: A non-woven web of cellulosic synthetic fibrous material is produced using a twin wire former. The former may have a closed first end and closed first and second sides, and a second end provided by first and second moving foraminous elements. An interior structure between the sides and second end may have at least first and second different length pluralities of conduits extending from the former first end toward the second end, and defining by themselves, or with wall elements, the interior volume into a first volume and a second volume on opposite sides thereof. A first fiber/foam slurry is introduced into the first volume and a second fiber/foam slurry in the second volume, and suction box assemblies are provided on the opposite sides of the foraminous elements from the interior volume for withdrawing foam from the slurries to forming a non-woven web on the foraminous elements.

Abstract: Headbox for a machine and process for forming the same. The headbox includes a plurality of channels arranged in rows that extend across a width of the machine and in columns substantially perpendicular to the rows, at least one lamella positioned between adjacent rows, a fixing point for the at least one lamella, and lamellar supports positioned after the fixing point, relative to a headbox flow. This includes arranging a plurality of headbox channels into rows and columns, positioning a lamella between adjacent rows, fixing an end of the lamella at a fixing point, and arranging lamellar supports downstream of, relative to a headbox flow direction, the fixing point.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is superimposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. Also disclosed is the effective mixing of the jets generating cross-machine direction (CD) shear between the rows of jets that form at the outlet of the tubes inside the nozzle chamber of the headbox to align paper fibers in the cross-machine direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for distributing an especially medium-consistent fibrous suspension in front of a dewatering device. It is distinguished in that the fibrous suspension is taken to the dewatering device in fluidized form and evenly distributed. The invention also relates to a device for implementing the process in which there is a closed device with a fluidizing rotor in front of the dewatering device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is superimposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. Also disclosed is the effective mixing of the jets generating cross-machine direction (CD) shear between the rows of jets that form at the outlet of the tubes inside the nozzle chamber of the headbox to align paper fibers in the cross-machine direction.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is super imposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. A specific flow inside the headbox distributes the fibers in an isotropic form, i.e., uniform in all directions, in the sheet substantially eliminating the MD preferential fiber orientation to produce an isotropic and uniform sheet.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is superimposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. Also disclosed is the effective mixing of the jets generating cross-machine direction (CD) shear between the rows of jets that form at the outlet of the tubes inside the nozzle chamber of the headbox to align paper fibers in the cross-machine direction.

Abstract: A nonwoven web of fibrous material is made by the foam process using a manifold of a particular construction. The manifold has a casing with first and second opposite ends including an inlet for a foam-fiber-surfactant slurry at the first end, and optionally a valved outlet at the second end. A center section of the manifold casing has a (e.g. rectangular) cross-section that becomes smaller moving from an inlet toward the outlet. First and second substantially closed side walls, a porous front wall having an effective length, and a back wall opposite the front wall, are provided for the center section, the walls planar or curved. Any suitable structures are provided for introducing a second (e.g. substantially fiber-free, or a fiber-foam slurry) foam into the center section through the back wall.

Abstract: A headbox having a tube bank composed of a multiplicity of tubes arranged in machine direction rows of superpositioned tubes. The tubes extend from an unitary outlet wall of the headbox and are supplied by a single header or manifold. The tubes extend to the inlet of a single nozzle which is formed with an upper planar wall which converges toward a lower planar wall. The converging walls of the nozzle define two radially extending planes which converge at an imaginary centerline which extends in the cross-machine direction. The individual rows of tubes each lie along a radial plane which extends through the centerline. The radial planes defined by each tube row will preferably be evenly spaced in angle between the nozzle walls. The injection ends of the tubes lie on a defined cylindrical surface extending between the nozzle walls and extending the width of the headbox in the cross machine direction.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is superimposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. Also disclosed is the effective mixing of the jets generating cross-machine direction (CD) shear between the rows of jets that form at the outlet of the tubes inside the nozzle chamber of the headbox to align paper fibers in the cross-machine direction.

Abstract: For distributing stock evenly across the face of a tube bank in a papermaking machine, the stock supply header has an increasing change in cross-sectional area per unit width traveling from the inlet end to the recirculation end of the header. The header top wall converges toward the bottom wall, while the rear wall converges toward the front wall. The change in cross-sectional area down the header from the inlet end to the recirculation end is thus closely matched to an ideally parabolic shape.

Abstract: A headbox has a tube bank of tubes arranged in machine direction rows. The tubes extend from an outlet wall of a header to the inlet of a nozzle. The upper and lower walls of the nozzle converge toward the nozzle outlet, and planes extending from the walls (nozzle roof and apron) converge to define an imaginary centerline extending in the cross-machine direction. The rows of tubes lie along radially extending planes defined with respect to the centerline. The injection ends of the tubes define a cylindrical surface extending between the nozzle walls. Stock from each tube is directed radially toward the centerline along flow paths of equal length. Trailing vanes may be positioned between the rows of tubes so that each flow experiences almost identical flow boundary conditions as it moves towards the nozzle outlet, hence contributing to more uniform fiber orientation in the resultant paper web.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is superimposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. Also disclosed is the effective mixing of the jets generating cross-machine direction (CD) shear between the rows of jets that form at the outlet of the tubes inside the nozzle chamber of the headbox to align paper fibers in the cross-machine direction, thus increasing CD strength of the manufactured sheet.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to enhance paper and board forming qualities with insert tubes and/or a diffuser block in the paper forming machine headbox component which generates vorticity in the machine direction (MD) which is superimposed on the streamwise flow to generate a swirling or helical flow through the tubes of the diffuser block. Tubes of the diffuser block are designed such that the direction of the swirl or fluid rotation of the paper fiber stock may be controlled and the direction thereof is controlled in such a way to provide effective mixing, coalescence and merging of the jets of fluid emanating from the tubes into the converging section, i.e., nozzle chamber of the headbox. Also disclosed is the effective mixing of the jets generating cross-machine direction (CD) shear between the rows of jets that form at the outlet of the tubes inside the nozzle chamber of the headbox to align paper fibers in the cross-machine direction, thus increasing CD strength of the manufactured sheet.

Abstract: Breast box for a papermaking machine. A breast box for a papermaking machine includes at least one distribution device for a material suspension extending over the width of the papermaking machine, at least one adjacent intermediate chamber located downstream of the distribution device, at least one guiding device for the suspension located adjacently downstream of the intermediate chamber, a nozzle chamber, having a wide aperture, located adjacently downstream of the guiding device, with the guiding device, the intermediate chamber and the distribution device being releasably connected with each other, and the intermediate chamber and the distribution device being pivotally journalled about a common fixed pivot axis, with the common pivot axis extending horizontally and laterally to the longitudinal direction of the papermaking machine, with the common pivot axis also extending through at least one pillow block fixedly connected with the seat or the foundation of the papermaking machine.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for uniformly distributing a flowing medium flowing in a first direction in a conduit onto a surface so as to form a uniformly distributed medium thereon having a width greater than that of the conduit, the method including deflecting the flow of the flowing medium and simultaneously spreading the flowing medium from the width of the conduit to the greater width in a direction transverse to the first direction, and again deflecting the flowing medium in a passage having a generally curvilinear shape transverse to the surface in order to provide a substantially uniformly distributed and parallel flow of the flowing medium onto the surface.

Abstract: Headbox for paper machines, provided with an output channel in the form of a nozzle, with an output slot for producing a strip of pulp having the width of the machine. The output channel is delimited by two flow guide walls converging toward one another and as a rule by a rear wall. It is divided up into a number of channel sections (32), preferably autonomous, by subdivision of the flow guide walls into wall sections (30, 31) and preferably by subdivision of the rear wall into rear wall sections (37). Each channel section may have at least one input line (40) of its own, as well as (for adjusting the opening of the output slot) a section of part of the mobile wall (35) and an associated regulating system (38, 39).

Abstract: In a headbox for a paper machine a hydraulic headbox is combined with an apertured roller headbox, with at least one movable insert part (15) through which the material suspension (5) can flow being provided in the region of the flow channel (4) and/or of the nozzle channel (18) and with the flow channel (4) having a cross section through which flow takes place which broadens over at least a substantial part of its length in the direction of flow up to the moveable insert part (15).

Abstract: A papermaking machine is constructed as a barrier former in which a fiber slurry is received and placed in turbulence on one side of the screen plate for fluidizing the slurry and distributed through the screen plate onto a collecting wire, under tension, for immediately starting dewatering of a web formed in a wedge-shaped forming zone between the screen plate and the wire.

Abstract: A turbulence generator (20) in the headbox of a paper making machine which produces internal microturbulence in the pulp suspension flow (F), whereby the homogeneity of the flow is improved. The turbulence generator (20) comprises a system of turbulence tubes, which consists of a number of turbulence tubes (22) placed one above the other and side by side. These tubes start at the inlet side of the turbulence generator (20) having thereat a substantially circular cross-section, being gradually and smoothly, in the flow direction, converted to a rectangular cell structure with planar sides. The cell structure (30) at the outlet side (23) of the turbulence generator (20) consists of an overlapping cell system, wherein there are at least two inclined middle cell rows (31, 32; 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b) placed one above the other, in which cell rows the cells have rectangular cross-sections. The cells have a shorter planar side (X) and a longer planar side (Y).

Abstract: Method and device in a head box of a paper machine for controlling distribution of fiber orientation in a paper web in a transverse direction of the machine. In the method, the transverse speed component of a discharge jet is controlled by regulating alignment of turbulence pipes in a pipe battery of a turbulence generator in the head box. In the device of the invention, a perforated plate in the turbulence generator is provided with a heating arrangement, by which the temperature level of the perforated plate and thereby the length thereof and angle of alignment of the turbulence pipes attached to the perforated plate, in relation to the machine direction, can be controlled. The perforated plate is supported, at both opposite ends thereof, on vertical side walls of the head box, by fittings which permit thermal expansion and contraction of the perforated plate.

Abstract: In the absence of the conventional stock feeding box the stock is conducted down through a feed pipe to a nozzle which directs the stock onto a wire belt. The nozzle may be directed in a different direction from the movement of the belt so that shear occurs at the delivery point to the benefit of the finished product. From the preliminary belt or "wire", the stock is delivered to a paper machine. In one embodiment the fibers are conducted dry to the belt and a cooperating "dwarf" wire presses the dry stock into a sheet. Booster heads are used to direct additional feed in a way which intercepts the main feed and breaks up micro-agglomerates. In one version the wire is stationary and the feed nozzle moves.

Abstract: A layer of particulate material is formed by forming a foamed dispersion of a particulate material, supplying the foamed dispersion to a predetermined zone of a plane through which a foraminous element is moving, applying a vacuum to said plane across the zone on the other side of the foraminous element, so as to drain foam and form a particulate layer thereon, removing any free air from the drained foam, and continuously recycling the resulting foam for re-use in forming the foamed particulate dispersion. An apparatus is provided for carrying out the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a headbox of a paper or board making machine, particularly a hydraulic headbox, which has an inlet header section (1) with a manifold tube section (2) and an equalizing chamber (3) in the stock suspension flow route, a turbulence generator section (4) following the equalizing chamber (3), after which a tapered slice section (8) is located, through which the stock suspension is discharged onto the wire. The headbox also has an attenuation chamber (6) for pressure variations, which defines one or several air spaces (7) under the flow channel of the stock suspension, the spaces being connected with the flow channel by way of a connecting channel (5). The air space or spaces (7) are preferably confined by subjacent frame structures including a bottom wall (16) and vertical walls (18) and walls (19) defining the flow channel from below.

Abstract: The head box for a paper making machine joins the main distribution channel with an outlet nozzle that extends over the width of the machine. The head box has a plurality of linear, tubular flow channels extending from the distribution channel to the outlet nozzle. Just before entry into the outlet nozzle, each channel widens continuously, forming a continuous diffuser communicating into the outlet nozzle. In each tubular flow channel, a respective channel piece of reduced inside diameter is provided at or just upstream of the continuous diffuser. The entrance into the channel piece is developed as a step-like reduction in cross-section of the tubular channel, as compared with the cross-section of the tubular channel just upstream.

Abstract: A method is described for increasing the brightness of reductively bleached high yield pulps, comprising bleaching the pulps with a reductive bleaching solution under anaerobic conditions and maintaining the bleached pulps under anaerobic conditions during all handling steps subsequent to bleaching, including paper formation, wet pressing, and drying of the paper formed therefrom. The bleached paper has higher brightness than the same paper produced under aerobic conditions, and the bleaching and handling-derived portion of this higher brightness is retained after storage of the finished paper.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for laying down a fibrous web from a foam-fiber furnish. A headbox includes walls defining an elongate channel extending transversely of the direction of movement of the forming wire. Foam-forming nozzles are positioned to introduce foam-fiber furnish into the channel for turbulence - inducing impact on an oppositely disposed wall defining the channel. The turbulently flowing foam-fiber furnish is then introduced to the headbox slice for discharge onto the forming wire with minimized MD orientation of the fibers.

Abstract: A means for degassing paper pulp stock, comprising an elongated horizontal cylindrical tank, a distribution pipe parallel to the tank and wherefrom departs a plurality of consecutive jet tubes for introducing pulp stock into the tank close to one end of the tank, an exit tube located close to the opposite end of the tank and towards which the pulp stock flows on the bottom of the tank, members to maintain the pulp stock level constant in the tank, an additional exit tube for returning to circulation the excess pulp stock that has entered the tank, and members for producing a vacuum in the tank. The distribution pipe and the flow therewithin are directed in opposition to the flow within the tank. The cross section area of the flow diminishes towards that end of the tank where the jet tubes are located, the diminishing flow cross section area extending at least over the region of one jet tube.

Abstract: A paper machine has an equalizing part between a distribution pipe system part and a turbulence section in the flow path of the pulp stock. The equalizing part has an equalizing chamber with a length in the direction of flow of the pulp stock and a front wall. An adjusting device is coupled to the front wall of the equalizing chamber for adjusting the length of the equalizing chamber by adjustment of the position of the front wall.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of forming a continuous fibrous paper web by depositing the stock onto a forming run of a fourdrinier wire while dewatering the stock and collecting water beneath the wire and depositing the stock onto the wire from a spray or flooded area through a distribution wire extending parallel and in closely spaced relation to the forming run of the fourdrinier wire with the distribution wire aiding in the distribution of the stock and random orientation of the fibers and giving the stock a velocity essentially the same as the forming wire to encourage and maintain the random orientation of the fibers as droplets of the stock are deposited on the fourdrinier wire.