Abstract: Shoe press for treating a material web that may include a press shoe to be pressed against an opposing element, e.g., a counter roll, with a fluid permeable press jacket and a felt belt being positionable between the press shoe and the opposing element, and a plurality of support elements including cylinder devices and pistons supported on a carrier. The press shoe may have a concave-shaped press face forming a nip with the opposing element such that the nip has a predetermined longitudinal span. The press shoe may be movable on the plurality of support elements, and the pistons of the plurality of support elements may carry the press shoe to permit a tilting movement of the press shoe both in a web travel direction and lateral to the web travel direction. A stop may support the press shoe in the web travel direction and may absorb horizontal forces acting on the press shoe.

Abstract: This invention relates to calendering systems. Such structures of this type, generally, employ the use of hard and soft nips acting on a heated roll to provide excellent smoothness without gloss mottle.

Abstract: An apparatus for drying a cellulosic fibrous structure. The apparatus comprises a micropore medium having pores therethrough. The pores are the limiting orifice in the air flow used in the drying process. The micropore medium has a relatively low pressure drop therethrough. This relatively low pressure drop advantageously reduces the energy costs used in drying, and/or allows for greater drying to be obtained at constant energy costs.

Abstract: High bulk tissue webs are processed sequentially through separate calendering and embossing units to optimize the balance between sheet caliper for winding tension and embossing element height for pattern definition, resulting in embossed, high-bulk tissue products with improved embossing pattern clarity. The multiple step converting process enables the use of male embossing elements having a height of about 0.04 inch or greater. The tissue webs have a Residual Waviness value of 12 micrometers or greater, which is attributable to average surface waviness values for the spot embossments being about 30 micrometers or greater.

Abstract: High sheet count rolls of spot-embossed, soft bathroom tissue suffer from embossing patterns becoming pressed out by the high winding tension necessary to confine the size of the roll to a diameter of about 5 inches. This size is necessary in order for such high sheet count rolls to fit within the bathroom tissue dispensers found in most households. However, by embossing the tissue between a resilient back-up roll and an engraved embossing roll having short male embossing element heights of only from about 0.005 to about 0.035 inch, the tissue sheet becomes simultaneously calendered, which lowers the sheet caliper (as measured under a compressive load). Because of the resulting lower caliper, the embossed sheet can be wound into the required roll size with less tension on the sheet, such that the embossing pattern for tissue sheets within the roll remains well defined.

Abstract: An extended nip press having a concave shoe which is supported on a hydraulic actuator which urges the shoe against a backing roll. A pair of opposed profile control hydraulic actuators apply a pure couple about the load support line formed by a bearing pin which transmits the support load from the hydraulic actuator to the shoe. A leading hydraulic actuator is positioned in front of the load support line and pulls down on the shoe. A trailing hydraulic actuator is positioned behind the load support line and pushes up on the shoe. The leading hydraulic actuator and trailing hydraulic actuator are equally spaced from the load support line and have equal hydraulic actuator area and are connected to the same hydraulic reservoir. Thus the hydraulic actuators exactly balance each other out except for the couple or torque which they apply about the load support line.

Abstract: An extended nip press apparatus is disclosed for pressing a web. The apparatus includes an elongate press shoe which defines a concave surface. A backing roll cooperates with the concave surface for defining therebetween an extended nip pressing section for pressing the web. A looped bearing blanket slidably cooperates with the concave surface. The blanket is disposed between the shoe and the backing roll for supporting and guiding the web through the pressing section. A piston is pivotally connected to the press shoe, the piston being selectively urged towards the backing roll. The arrangement is such that when the piston is urged towards the backing roll, the piston urges the shoe and the blanket towards the backing roll so that the web disposed between the blanket and the backing roll is pressed. The piston has a first and a second portion, the first portion being disposed between the second portion and the shoe.

Abstract: A press roll for treating a material web in a nip formed with an opposing surface is provided. A press shoe extends along the nip and guides a press jacket. Several adjacent force elements disposed along the direction of the roll axis are supported on a stationary carrier. The force elements are preferably each fluid-actuated cylinder/piston units which can bias the press shoe with their movable pistons. The piston of at least one force element and/or an opposing region of the press shoe concentrate support forces in piston edge regions that are disposed opposite one another on different ends of a central piston plane perpendicular to the roll axis.

Abstract: Creping doctor blades useful for making soft tissues are substantially improved by ion nitriding the surface(s) of the doctor blade to produce a hardened surface while retaining the resilient interior of the non-treated blade. The resulting blades have approximately a three-fold increase in blade life.

Abstract: A press roller having a stationary carrier and a roll jacket which rotates past the support surface of the stationary carrier. A support element on the carrier, like a shoe, is pressed against the inside circumferential surface of the roll jacket by a pressure space that is beneath and acts upon the support element to press it toward the roller jacket. The support surface is at least partially hydrodynamically lubricated at the support surface of the support element. The support surface has at least one row and perhaps a plurality of rows that extend in the direction of the press roller axis comprised of a plurality of oil feed points which are separated from one another along the roller axis. The oil feed points are supplied at least partially independently of the pressure space. Each oil feed point comprises a throttling bore. One or more distribution channels in the support element deliver oil to the bores or to groups of the bores.

Abstract: A method for improving the rush transfer of a web, such as a tissue web, is disclosed. The method provides for greater angles of convergence and divergence of the carrier fabric and the transfer fabric at the point of transfer by deflecting the carrier fabric toward the transfer fabric using a deflection element, such as a roll, positioned opposite the vacuum transfer head. The greater angles of convergence and divergence minimize the potential for undesirable macrofolds being formed in the web during transfer.

Abstract: A novel sheet transfer stabilizer is provided for transferring a fibrous wet sheet from a press section to a dryer section of a paper-making machine by way of a felt. The sheet transfer stabilizer includes a composite Venturi box which is disposed between a felt roll of the press section and a first dryer. The Venturi box includes three side-by-side Venturis, an inlet Venturi, an outlet Venturi, and a main Venturi. Such Venturi boxes are used to create and maintain a vacuum in the felt/web system.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a drying section of a paper machine for drying a fiber web. The drying section includes a plurality of drying groups, with each drying group having a plurality of heatable drying cylinders and a continuous hold-down belt. The hold-down belt has a longitudinal tension which biases the fiber web against the drying cylinders. The plurality of drying groups include at least one high-pressure group comprising a single-row drying group having one row of drying cylinders and one row of corresponding deflection rolls. The high-pressure group has a corresponding hold-down belt with a longitudinal tension which is at least 10 kN/m.

Abstract: This invention pertains to an elongated gap or extended nip press comprised of two pressing elements whose pressing areas are pressed against each other, wherein each of the press areas is formed of a band-shaped jacket element, with the jacket element moving around carriers and being supported by at least one support element, wherein a change of the length of the press gap or nip and/or of the pressure distribution or pattern in the press gap is accomplished in that the portions of the press elements that form the support surfaces and/or that the support elements of at least one of the pressing elements are displaceable in or against the direction of rotation of the respective jacket element.

Abstract: A shoe press device for treating a web, particularly for dewatering a web. A shoe press roll has a beam and a flexible press jacket around the beam. A press shoe on the beam presses the press jacket against a backing roll to define a press nip. Support elements supported on the beam press on the shoe. The support elements are in a first plurality along the shoe and a respective second plurality toward each end of the shoe. The second support elements are smaller in size with reference to their pressure area on the shoe, and there is one or more rows of second pressure elements at each end of the shoe. Different respective pressures may be applied to the main and second pluralities of support elements. The backing roll may be a sag adjustment roll including a rotatable roll jacket and support elements in the sag adjustment roll pressing on the roll jacket.

Abstract: A method and device for stabilizing the running of a paper web in a paper machine in connection with a paper guide roll, in particular between a press section and a dryer section. In the method, the paper web is passed over the paper guide roll onto a drying wire or equivalent and negative pressure (suction) in the opening nip of the paper guide roll is lowered until a transition is made to the side of positive pressure in order to press the paper web against the drying wire or equivalent. The device includes a nozzle beam and an air chamber which communicates with a blow air duct. The nozzle beam is placed at the side of the opening nip of the paper guide roll such that the blowing discharged out of a nozzle opening of the nozzle beam is directed at the opening nip in order to press the paper web against the drying wire or equivalent.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a shoe press for removing water from a traveling fiber web. The shoe press includes a planar backing surface, and a shoe assembly disposed adjacent to the backing surface. The shoe assembly and the backing surface form a press nip therebetween extending in a running direction of the traveling fiber web. Four felts extend through the press nip and carries the fiber web through the press nip. The shoe assembly includes a plurality of shoes disposed adjacent to each other in the running direction of the fiber web, with each shoe being configured to apply a selected and independent compressive force against the at least one felt and the fiber web.

Abstract: A shoe press roll for a paper machine which, together with a backing roll, forms a press nip through which a press jacket guided over the shoe press roll travels together with a paper web. The shoe press roll comprises a press shoe which can be pressed by at least one hydraulic element against the backing roll. The hydraulic element is developed as a cylinder/piston unit that acts between a stationary support member and the press shoe. The unit includes a first pressure chamber which can be acted on by hydraulic pressure and is in communication via a small diameter throttle point passing through the piston with a second pressure chamber which is open toward the press shoe. The edge of the piston rests with a sealing surface against the press shoe. Hydraulic pressure is transmitted from the first pressure chamber under approximately static conditions, to the second pressure chamber through the throttle point and thus to the press shoe.

Abstract: Device for handling a fiber web. The invention pertains to a device for the treatment of a fiber web, the device having an elongated press gap, wherein at least one press area is formed of a band which is pressure-impacted by at least one piston-cylinder unit, via a hydraulic contact pressure apparatus consisting of at least one support element, with a ready supply of fluid under pressure being assured for the bearing pockets of the support element in that one of the elements of the piston-cylinder unit is fixedly connected with a support portion, with the support element, together with the other one of the elements of the piston-cylinder unit being movably retained in the press direction and in the web moving direction on the one of the elements and wherein the support element is braced via a stop attached to the support portion.

Abstract: A shoe press roll for a press device for a paper machine. The roll includes a stationary support. A press shoe supported on the support in a radially displaceable manner. A plurality of hydraulic elements in the support and arrayed along the length of the press shoe across the width of the web to urge the press shoe against the backing roll. A plurality of return springs connected between the support and the leading and trailing sides of the press shoe, the springs being located outside the hydraulic elements at the press shoe. The return springs are compression springs fastened by struts on the lateral sides of the press shoe which involves a simple mounting for enabling separable attachment of the tie rods of the spring and the lateral sides of the press shoe.

Abstract: A calender having one stack of rollers has a working nip formed between a hard roller and a soft roller. A changeover nip is formed between adjacent soft rollers. The changeover nip is arranged approximately in the center of the roller stack. The cumulative weight of the rollers is such that the sum of the loads per unit of length of the working nips disposed above the changeover nip is at least 80 percent of the sum of the loads per unit of length of the working nips disposed below the changeover nip.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating a sheet material (3) with an arrangement of rollers (6, 7), including at least one heated roller (8, 9), which defines at least one roller gap through which the sheet of material is passed and acted upon with pressure and/or elevated temperature. A housing (32) surrounds the roller arrangement (6, 7) and the treatment takes place in an environmental atmosphere, the temperature and/or humidity of which can be adjusted to a specified value. A roll of the sheet material is subjected to pretreatment to provide it with desired temperature and humidity conditions before entering the housing (32).

Abstract: A pressing roll for the production or treatment of web or band shaped materials, particularly fiber webs or bands, with the roll jacket of the pressing roll being rotatably arranged about a carrier and journalled via a pressing device, with the pressing device having at least one support element that includes at least one supporting pressing element acting in the direction of a pressing area and being supported on the carrier, with the at least one support element being displaceable in the circumferential direction as well as being radially movable relative to the pressing element and which, in the circumferential direction, is supported on a spacer on a limit stop, attached to the carrier, via at least one spacer, the spacer permitting a radial movement relative to the limit stop in the transition between an unloaded and a loaded condition of the support element at a substantially fixed support point of the spacer at the limit stop or at the support element, with a low friction support, in the circumferentia

Abstract: An extended nip press has a shoe driven by two pistons to engage a blanket-supported web against a crown controlled roll. Each ENP shoe piston is offset from the line of force application of the crown control piston by a moment arm distance. A balancing of the hydraulic pressures in the ENP shoe cylinders and the crown control cylinder is achieved by two equalizer valves. Each valve has a slidable spool with faces of a selected cross-sectional area to respond to hydraulic fluid from the various cylinders to retain the correct proportion between the forces applied by the ENP shoe pistons and the crown control piston.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for finishing a web of paper, paperboard or the like to achieve enhanced stiffness with a minimal loss of caliper or bulk. For this purpose, liquid spray devices are substituted for the conventional waterboxes of a machine calender. These devices permit the independent control of the thickness of liquid films applied to the transfer rolls of the calender with greater uniformity. The liquid films are transferred to the surfaces of the web at transfer nips. The method produces an I-beam effect in the web with highly densified and smooth surface layers and a bulky interior to maximize stiffness.

Abstract: The invention provides a roll for a papermaking machine, comprising at least one strip element which extends substantially in the axial direction of the roll and which is supported, substantially against radial forces, by a plurality of supporting elements. The supporting elements comprise adjusting means by means of which a predetermined profile of the bending curve of the strip element can be adjusted in response to a given outer load. When the roll is configured as a shoe press roll, then the strip element may also be directly coupled with the press shoe. It is possible in this way, in the case of shoe press rolls, to ensure safe development of a hydrodynamic lubricating wedge and, in the case of other rolls, to adjust a desired profile of the bending curve of the strip element, under a given outer load.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing a crimp-bonded fibrous cellulosic laminate. The process includes the steps of: 1) providing at least two superposed plies of a fibrous cellulosic material; 2) passing the superposed plies through a crimp roll arrangement including a rotating crimp element and a rotating anvil element; and 3) applying a pressure load against the rotating elements sufficient to crimp bond the fibrous cellulosic material plies into a laminate. The crimp element has protruding members configured in a discontinuous pattern aligned on an axis that is parallel to the cross-machine direction to provide a substantially continuous uniform area of localized surface contacts between the rotating crimp and anvil elements across the width of the plies. Also disclosed is an overall crimp-bonded fibrous cellulosic laminate and an apparatus for crimp-bonding multiple superposed plies of a fibrous cellulosic material.

Abstract: The invention concerns a pressing arrangement for a moving web. The arrangement comprises a cylindrical roll forming a press zone with a glide-belt which is at least partially and slidingly supported by a shoe having a contour of alterable convexity along the press zone surface so as to alter the length of the press zone. Supply mechanisms are provided to supply lubricant for a lubricating film between the glide belt and the shoe. The shoe can be supported by a counter roll situated on the opposite side of the shoe relative the press roll and have a concave surface mating the counter roll thus enabling adjustment of the shoe around the centerline of the counter roll. In an alternative arrangement a desired press zone length could be obtained by installing a removable insert having a proper contour in the press zone area of the shoe.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transferring a web from a forming fabric in a forming section of a paper making machine to a transfer felt or fabric is disclosed including directing the web carrying forming fabric in a substantially longitudinal direction adjacent an underside of a transfer shoe in a transfer zone the said web being positioned between the forming fabric and the transfer shoe and the transfer shoe having a substantially planer lead-in surface and an arcuate exiting surface of a predetermined radius, the lead-in surface including an arcuate trailing edge having a predetermined radius less than that of the arcuate exiting surface with the trailing edge and the exiting surface being separated by a suction opening, directing the transfer felt in a substantially longitudinal direction adjacent the underside of the transfer shoe with the transfer felt being positioned between the web and the transfer shoe, the transfer felt entering the transfer zone at an angle with respect to the forming wire, creating

Abstract: A method is disclosed for finishing a web of paper, paperboard or the like to achieve enhanced stiffness with a minimal loss of caliper or bulk. For this purpose, liquid spray devices are substituted for the conventional waterboxes of a machine calender. These devices permit the independent control of the thickness of liquid films applied to the transfer rolls of the calender with greater uniformity. The liquid films are transferred to the surfaces of the web at transfer nips. The method produces an I-beam effect in the web with highly densified and smooth surface layers and a bulky interior to maximize stiffness.

Abstract: Tissue sheets, such as are useful for facial or bath tissue, can be embossed with a fine scale embossing pattern to increase bulk with a minimal loss in strength. The fine scale embossing pattern contains at least about 15 discrete intermeshing embossing elements per square centimeter (100 per square inch) and can enable the tissue manufacturer to produce premium quality tissues having adequate softness, bulk and strength from conventional tissue basesheets without layering or throughdrying equipment. Depending on the starting basesheet material, tissues having a unique balance of properties can be produced, especially for conventional wet-pressed basesheets.

Abstract: A vacuum/blowing sheave on the end of the lower calender roll of a papermaking machine threads a tissue web tail from a Yankee dryer to a take-up reel through the calender. The sheave is positioned adjacent to the outlet of the threader tube from the Yankee dryer, where the vacuum portion of the sheave picks up the tail and transports it towards the take-up reel. Upon transiting the closed nip of the calender, the tail is blown by a short blowing section on the sheave into the tube threader which leads to the take-up reel.

Abstract: A process for making a cellulosic fibrous structure such as paper. In one embodiment, the fibrous structure has high and low basis weight regions. The high basis weight region is subdivided into low density regions, so that a fibrous structure having three regions is produced. In a second embodiment, the fibrous structure has four regions. Both the high and low basis weight regions are further subdivided into high and low density regions. The process comprises applying noncoincident differential pressure to selected regions of an embryonic fibrous structure.

Abstract: An extended nip press apparatus is disclosed for removing water from a web. The apparatus includes a rotatable backing roll and an elongate shoe which cooperate with the backing roll for defining therebetween an extended nip for the passage therethrough of the web. The shoe defines a concave surface. A bearing blanket is movably disposed between the backing roll and the concave surface. The arrangement is such that the web is supported by the blanket with the web being disposed between the blanket and the backing roll. A lubricant is supplied between the concave surface and the blanket such that the blanket is slidingly supported by the concave surface during passage of the blanket through the extended nip. The concave surface encompasses a pocket defined by the shoe.

Abstract: A shoe in an extended-nip press arranged to be placed in a nip between a back-up roll and a belt-mantle roll inside the belt mantle. The shoe is pressed by an actuator, e.g., a cylinder device, towards the back-up roll, while the web/felt or felts is/are placed between the back-up roll and the belt mantle. The shoe has at least one chamber provided for hydraulic fluid into which a fluid is passed from a duct. The shoe has a first curved face, whose curve radius is substantially equal to the curve form of the back-up roll. The shoe has a second face which forms the bottom of the chamber provided for hydraulic fluid. The second face joins the first face and has a larger curve radius than the first face. At a joint between the first face and the second face, the tangents of the faces are substantially the same.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a paper product having a surface with enhanced gloss. The method includes the following steps: applying a continuous layer of an impressionable coating material to a paper product; contacting the layer of coating material with a polymer release film having a smooth and glossy surface substantially free of defects, the surface having non-adhering and release characteristics; and solidifying the coating material during contact with the release film. Using this technique, a smooth and glossy surface of the release film is substantially imparted to a surface of the layer of solidified coating material. In the case of clay-coated substrates, the coating is solidified by heating, whereas in the case of polyethylene-coated substrates, the coating is solidified by cooling. The end product is a coated substrate in which the coating has a glossy surface to which the texture of a film has been imparted.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooling the end portions of a calender roll which has an elastic layer adjacent its peripheral surface and wherein the central portion of the peripheral surface is overlapped by a running web of paper or other material when the calender is in use. The width of the non-overlapped portions of the peripheral surface of the roll varies when a web having a first width is followed by a web having a different second width. This could lead to damage to the roll at the non-overlapped portions of the peripheral surface as a result of overheating by an adjacent rotary component of the calender. The end portions of the roll are cooled by discrete adjustable cooling devices which are movable along the respective non-overlapped portions of the peripheral surface in parallelism with the axis of the roll and each of which shares movements with a monitoring device which is to be maintained in a selected position relative to the adjacent marginal portion of a running web.

Abstract: The invention concerns an adjustable-crown roll having a stationary roll axle which is supported on the machine frame by means of articulated bearings, and a roll mantle which is arranged to revolve on the axle. Hydrostatic loading members or an equivalent pressure fluid chamber or series of chambers are arranged in the space between the axle and the roll mantle. By means of the loading members or equivalent, the profile of a nip formed with a counter-roll of the roll is regulated. A support bushing arranged concentrically with the roll mantle is attached to one end of the roll mantle and revolves along with the roll mantle. A bearing is installed on the support bushing. The bearing receives axial forces from the roll mantle and transfers the same to the machine frame through the non-revolving bearing bock or housing of the bearing. The bearing is arranged, in the axial direction, outside the roll, whereby the roll is suitable for use as a hot roll.

Abstract: The invention concerns a press section of a paper or paperboard making machine, comprising a number of rolls (1, 11, 22, 32, 44, 70) which forms press nips (N.sub.1, N.sub.2, N.sub.3, N.sub.4) that dewater the web (W) with each other, the web being arranged to run through these nips. Of the rolls at least one roll (1;70) is a smooth-faced so-called center roll, which forms a press nip (N.sub.2, N.sub.3 ;N.sub.4) with at least one other press roll (11, 32, 44), over which a press felt (10, 30; 40), which has been formed as an endless loop, is passed to absorb water from the web (W). The center roll (1; 70) in accordance with the invention is a variable-crown roll, which comprises a metallic roll mantle (2; 71) arranged to revolve around a stationary roll axle (3; 72). The roll includes at least one set of crown-variation members (4, 5; 73), which are arranged to load the roll mantle (2; 71) in the direction of the nip plane (K.sub.2, K.sub.3 ; K.sub.

Abstract: A press shoe for a shoe press with extended nip, said press shoe is of combined hydrostatic and hydrodynamic type and has a plurality of hydrostatic pressure pockets, each of which is preceded by a leading land surface and followed by a trailing land surface and into which lubricant is supplied under pressure. Each pressure pocket has a first pocket zone in which a hydrodynamic pressure shall be created and which comprises a bottom surface located at gradually decreasing depth from the concave surface portion of the press shoe seen in the direction of rotation of the belt member, said depth being zero at the trailing end of the pressure pocket. The bottom surface forms an angle .alpha. of from 0.degree. to about 2.degree. with a tangent to the concave surface portion of the press shoe at the trailing end of the pressure pocket. Further the first pocket zone is preceded by a second pocket zone comprising a plane bottom surface forming an angle .beta. of from 0.degree. to about .+-.10.degree.

Abstract: An extended nip press for the dewatering of a fiber web has an endless flexible press element, like a press jacket or press belt. A press shoe has a concave slide surface for the flexible press element, and the slide surface is adapted to the curve of a backing roll. The shoe is displaceable toward the backing roll in order to press the pressing element against it. A stationary shoe bed, which is detachably connected to a stationary support, has a depression which is provided with a packing and receives the press shoe to form a pressure chamber so that the shoe bed and the press shoe form a cylinder-piston unit. The press shoe is coupled to the shoe bed by means of at least one connecting element. The connecting element is spring biased with respect to the shoe bed and may itself be flexible or be flexibly moved to permit the radial displacement as well as the tilting of the press shoe relative to the shoe bed.

Abstract: The invention is related to a cylindrical shell structure (1) for paper machine press section, said shell structure being arranged to enclose at least four support rolls (5, 6, 7). According to the invention the shell structure (1) has at least three layers so that the outer face (4) and inner face (2) of the shell (1) are of a resilient, durable material, and the core (3) is of an elastic material having a high shear elasticity.

Abstract: The press roll cooperates with a counter roll to form a press with a long nip for paper or board machines. The press roll has two end walls; a flexible jacket secured to the end walls; and support members for the end walls. The end walls have bearings for permitting rotation of the jacket and the end walls in relation to the support members. A press shoe of the press roll cooperates with the counter roll to form a pressing zone. Attachment assemblies each have a circular clamping member, which includes a wedge body, and a circular groove disposed on the inside of the end wall to receive the edge portions of the jacket and the wedge body, the groove and wedge body being provided with cooperating wedge forming surfaces. Further, the clamping member includes bolts for pushing the wedge body into the groove and retaining it therein in order to clamp the edge portions of the jacket by means of wedge action, against the end wall.

Abstract: A press blanket for a press device in a paper making machine, or the like, is formed of an elastomeric blanket material and fully embedded layers of reinforcement threads. The radially inner layer is formed of longitudinal threads which extend parallel to the axis of the press blanket. The radially outer layer is formed of circumferential threads which are wound in the direction of blanket motion and are wound generally helically. The threads are fully surrounded by the layer of elastomeric material which is of homogeneous, that is formed from a single pouring. The circumferential threads have a diameter of at most 1/500 of the outside diameter of the fully rounded press blanket. In a unit area of the press blanket, the tensile strength of the circumferential threads is at least 40% greater than the tensile strength of the longitudinal threads.

Abstract: A press with extended press zone in a paper machine comprising a rotating press roll (1), a press shoe (2), and a slide band (7) sliding along the surface of the press shoe, a web (6) being passed between felts (4, 5) through the press, where it is pressed between the roll (1) and the slide band (7). The press shoe (2), designed to operate hydrodynamically, has a surface provided with a pocket area (d) formed by one or more pockets of small average thickness. If required, pressurized lubricant can be introduced to the pocket area to achieve the desired press effect and speed.

Abstract: A deflection compensated doctor blade (1) and method for coating a moving web and scraping a backing member (5). The deflection of the doctor blade is compensating by first determining the deflection of the doctor blade and then adapting appropriately selected, non-continuous forces to be exerted on the doctor blade (1) so as to achieve by these forces such deformations in the doctor blade that have an equal magnitude but an opposite direction in relation to those caused by blade loading on the doctor blade (1). This approach results in the nullification of the superimposed deflection (11). The forces are adapted to be exerted at a determined distance (RT) from the pivotal bearing points of the doctor blade (1) and at a determined distance (RV) from the pivotal axis (3) of the doctor blade.

Abstract: The press roll cooperates with a counter roll to form a press with a long nip for paper or board machines. The press roll has two end walls; a flexible jacket secured to the end walls; and support members for the end walls. The end walls have bearings for permitting rotation of the jacket and the end walls in relation to the support members; and a press shoe intended together with the counter roll to form a pressing zone. Attachment assemblies each have a circular clamping member, which includes a wedge body, and a circular groove disposed on the inside of the end wall to receive the edge portions of the jacket and the wedge body, the groove and wedge body being provided with cooperating wedge forming surfaces. Further, the clamping member includes bolts for pulling the wedge body into the groove and retaining it therein in order to clamp the edge portions of the jacket by means of wedge action, against the end wall.

Abstract: In order to increase the life of a flexible jacket in a shoe type press roll having a flexible jacket (11), end wall displacing element (28) and jacket stretching element (27), the end wall displacing element (28) are designed to permit a setting of an arbitrary operating position for one roll end wall (18) between two end positions on one of the two stub shafts (13) of the roll, and the jacket stretching element (27) are designed to maintain the stretching force substantially constant, whereby the other roll end wall (22) will be self-positioning and will automatically follow each axial displacment of said one roll end wall (18).

Abstract: A web treating machine and method employing a web-gripping drive surface, a primary member that presses the web against the drive surface, and a stationary retarding surface, supported by a sheet form member, that retards the web before it leaves the drive surface, has the following of features. The sheet form support member is elastically deflectable. A tip deflector applies deflecting pressure on the downstream end of the support member to deflect the support member toward the drive member. A cavity stabilizer, in the form of a second sheet form member, extends in face-to-face reinforcing relationship over the initial portion of the support member in the region immediately downstream of the primary member, the portion of the support member extending between the cavity stabilizer and the tip deflector being relatively unreinforced. The cavity stabilization and tip deflection is obtained by deflection of various spring members, in one instance an advantageous gull-wing form being achieved.

Abstract: A process for producing a smooth and glossy surface on a paper web and a calender arrangement for carrying out the process are disclosed. The calender arrangement comprises two sets of rolls through which the paper web is conducted in succession. Each set of rolls comprises a highly heated hard roll and a soft roll. A cooling device arranged upstream of at least one of the nips formed between the roll sets restricts the amount of heat transfer to the inner layers of the paper web and the attendant, undesirable partial plasticization of the inner layers of the web.