Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating chlorine dioxide from chlorite salts in the presence of an iron ion-containing complex, a method of treating a substrate with a chlorine-containing oxidant in the presence of an iron ion-containing complex and related aqueous media, kits and compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating chlorine dioxide from chlorite salts in the presence of a manganese ion-containing complex, a method of treating a substrate with a chlorine-containing oxidant in the presence of a manganese ion-containing complex and related aqueous media, kits and compositions.

Abstract: In one form, the invention is directed to a method for forming a porous implant suitable for a cavity from which tissue has been removed, including mixing soluble alginate and a radiopaque imaging agent with water; incorporating a gas or a pore forming agent into the alginate-water mixture; transferring the alginate-water mixture with the gas or the pore forming agent into a mold to form the mixture into a solid body of desired shape; removing the water from the body; and converting at least part of the soluble alginate to a less soluble alginate. In another form, the invention includes forming a mixture by mixing about 0.5 percent to about 4 percent by weight chitosan into an acidified aqueous solution containing 1 percent to 25 percent by weight acetic acid, along with about 0.5 percent to about 5 percent by weight of a powdered radiopaque imaging agent.

Abstract: A process for converting a starting material to a purified pulp material, comprising removing lignin from a starting material to form a wet pulp comprising at least 5 wt. % water, extracting hemicellulose from the wet pulp with an extractant, and separating the extracted hemicellulose from the extraction mixture to form a cellulosic product comprising less hemicellulose than the wet pulp. The extractant comprises a cellulose solvent and a co-solvent. The cellulosic product advantageously retains its cellulosic fiber morphology. The process involves separating and recovering hemicellulose and separating and recycling various process streams employed in the process.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling deposit-forming contaminants that comprise pitch or other fiber components which can interfere with the processing of the fibers, reduce paper quality, or both in papermaking systems. The method includes contacting fibers with a lipase and at least one peroxide source-free oxidant, and optionally nonionic surfactant, to liberate the organic contaminants from the fibers. Paper products of the method are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for producing market pulp which include treatment of pulp with diverse ionic compounds before pulp drying. Cationically and anionically charged compounds can be used to treat pulp before pulp drying to improve pulp dewatering performance and efficiency in the production of market pulp. Market pulp products containing the treatment compounds are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel cationized microfibrillated plant fiber and a method for manufacturing the same. A cationic microfibrillated plant fiber that is cationically modified with a quaternary-ammonium-group-containing compound, and that has an average diameter of 4 to 200 nm.

Abstract: The invention relates to bleach compositions comprising organic acyl polyoxychlorine and methods for producing said bleach compositions. The bleach compositions form reactive oxygen species when contacted by chromophores.

Abstract: In accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure, a method of decreasing the amount of oxidizer required by a pulping or papermaking process is provided. The method comprises adding to a process stream or solution of the pulping or papermaking process an effective amount of urea hydrochloride to reduce the amount of oxidizer required by the pulping or papermaking process.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved bleaching process for bleaching pulp comprising at least one bleaching stage which comprises treating a softwood pulp with a bleaching agent comprising ClO2 in the presence of a weak base such as, for example, Mg(OH)2 preferably at pH from about 3.5 to about 6.5. The invention is also relates a bleaching process for bleaching pulp having two or more bleaching stages, at least one of which and preferably two of which comprises treating a softwood pulp with a bleaching agent comprising ClO2 in the presence of a weak base such as, for example, Mg(OH)2 preferably at pH from about 3.5 to about 6.5.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved bleaching process for bleaching pulp comprising at least one bleaching stage which comprises treating a hardwood pulp with a bleaching agent comprising ClO2 in the presence of a weak base such as, for example, Mg(OH)2 preferably at pH from about 3.5 to about 6.5. The invention is also relates a bleaching process for bleaching pulp having two or more bleaching stages, at least one of which and preferably two of which comprises treating a hardwood pulp with a bleaching agent comprising ClO2 in the presence of a weak base such as, for example, Mg(OH)2 preferably at pH from about 3.5 to about 6.5.

Abstract: Wood pulp is treated with an esterase formulation in combination with a metal ion or cationic polymer to increase the stability or activity or both of esterase enzymes at high temperature, or at extreme pH ranges of acidic and alkaline conditions. The treatment by esterase together with metals ion or cationic polymer can be used to treat pitch containing pulp at high temperatures prior to, during or after refining of wood chip/pulp, in order to enhance the reduction of pitch problems and facilitate in the manufacture of paper.

Abstract: The invention can be summarized as follows. There is provided a method of bleaching chemical pulp comprising the steps of exposing chemical pulp to a chemical bleaching state to produce a partially bleached pulp and treating the partially bleached pulp with a thermophilic, alkalophilic xylanase in an alkaline extraction stage at pH of 8 to 14. The method may be performed in a mill and may form part of a more complex pulp bleaching process. The invention also relates to the use of a thermophilic, alkalophilic xylanase in an alkaline extraction stage of a pulp bleaching process in a mill.

Abstract: A novel method for the production of light-stable and process-stable lignocellulosic materials, in particular, the production of mechanical wood pulps with much improved light and process stability is described, as well as the resulting pulps of improved light and process stability and papers containing such pulps. The novel method involves the reaction of lignocellulosic materials such as bleached chemithermomechanical pulps (BCTMP) with (a) a water-soluble, fibre-reactive yellowing inhibitor possessing two or more secondary amino or ammonium (—NHR? or —HN+HR?), tertiary amino or ammonium (—NR?R? or —HN+R?R?), and/or quaternary ammonium (—N+R?R?R??) functional groups in an aqueous medium, or (b) a water-soluble, fibre-reactive hindered amine light stabilizer possessing said amino or ammonium functional groups in an alkaline peroxide bleaching medium or in an aqueous medium with a subsequent bleaching of the materials in an alkaline peroxide bleaching medium.

Abstract: A method of bleaching chemical pulp with xylanase after chemical bleaching is provided. The method comprises the steps of exposing chemical pulp to a chlorine dioxide bleaching stage to produce a partially bleached pulp, treating the partially bleached pulp with a xylanase in an enzyme treatment stage at a pH of about 3 to about 8, then carrying out an alkaline extraction of the pulp. The pulp bleaching method of the present invention may be performed in a pulp mill as part of a complex pulp bleaching process.

Abstract: A fiber cement composite material providing improved rot resistance and durability, the composite material incorporating biocide treated fibrous pulps to resist microorganism attacks. The biocide treated fibers have biocides attached to inner and outer surfaces of individualized fibers to protect the fibers from fungi, bacteria, mold and algae attacks. The biocides selected have strong affinity to cellulose and do not interfere with cement hydration reactions. This invention also discloses the formulation, the method of manufacturing and the final fiber cement products using the biocide treated fibers.

Abstract: Pulp, containing black liquor, is separated to produce pulp substantially free of black liquor. An organic solvent forms a layer within a vessel and adding a pulp containing black liquor will establish three layers. From the lower layer, pulp substantially free of black liquor is removed. From the upper layer, black liquor substantially free of pulp is removed, and the layer of organic solvent is retained in place within the vessel. The resulting separation, by dissimilar densities of the organic solvent and pulp containing black liquor produces black liquor devoid of additional dilution by water whereby pulp containing black liquor is separated to create pulp substantially free of black liquor and provides black liquor separated from the organic solvent.

Abstract: Pulp, containing black liquor, is separated to produce pulp substantially free of black liquor. An organic solvent forms a layer within a vessel and adding a pulp containing black liquor will establish three layers. From the lower layer, pulp substantially free of black liquor is removed. From the upper layer, black liquor substantially free of pulp is removed, and the layer of organic solvent is retained in place within the vessel. The resulting separation, by dissimilar densities of the organic solvent and pulp containing black liquor produces black liquor devoid of additional dilution by water whereby pulp containing black liquor is separated to create pulp substantially free of black liquor and provides black liquor separated from the organic solvent.

Abstract: Provided are methods of deacidifying a cellulose-based material by providing a deacidification composition comprising a hydrofluorocarbon and a deacidification agent dispersed within the hydrofluorocarbon, and contacting the cellulose-based material with the composition to increase the pH associated with the cellulose-based material. Also provided are deacidification compositions for use in the present methods.

Abstract: Pulping liquors used in the bleaching of pulps by hydrogen peroxide, and containing catalase-producing bacteria and/or catalase enzyme are treated with tris (hydroxymethyl) phosphine or a tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium salt to kill the bacteria and destroy the enzyme.

Abstract: A method of inhibiting the autooxidation of fatty acids in a paper product made from pulp fiber is accomplished by adding to the pulp fiber between about 1 mole/metric ton and about 25 moles/metric ton, preferably between about 2 moles/metric ton and about 10 moles/metric ton of an oxidizing halogen.

Abstract: Wood products of superior strength are produced from wood particulates that have been extracted with a solvent to remove volatile organic compounds and a significant proportion of pitch from the wood particulates. The products are especially resistant to weakening caused by water immersion. As a consequence of the enhanced strength and stiffness of the composites, wood products may be made thinner, and of lighter weight, for the same equivalent strength and stiffness at lower cost. The process of drying the particulate raw material and forming the composite wood products, by subjecting to heat and pressure, are virtually free from emissions of volatile organic compounds into the environment.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a method of producing paper pulp from a fibrous raw material. According to the invention, such pulpwood is used in which the content of phenol compounds or phenolic derivatives is clearly, advantageously at least 20% lower than the average content of such compounds in the native grade of the raw material. Advantageously, the content of parahydroxy-benzoic acid (PHBA) is determined from the pulpwood and pulpwood containing low PHBA levels is used as pulping raw material.

Abstract: Cellulose is effectively oxidized with nitrogen dioxide in a hydrofluoroether solvent.

Abstract: The application of a treating solution containing polyhydroxy compound and choline chloride to a fibrous cellulosic material is made more uniform and reproducible by including in the treating solution a colorizing amount of a fugitive tint, by which the uniformity of the application can be observed and corrected by appropriate changes to the operating variables.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel composition for bleaching cellulose based materials, such as wood pulp and paper comprising:(a) an oxidatively stable bleach activator having the structure ##STR1## wherein Y.sub.1, Y.sub.3 and Y.sub.4 each represents a bridging group, i.e., zero, one, two or three carbon containing nodes for substitution, while Y.sub.2 is a bridging group of at least one carbon containing node for substitution, each said node containing a C(R), C(R.sub.1) (R.sub.2), or a C(R).sub.2 unit and each R substituent is the same or different from the remaining R substituents and is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkynyl, alkylaryl, halogen, alkoxy, phenoxy, CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3, CF.sub.

Abstract: A water absorbent cross-linked, carboxyalkylated cellulose-containing material is produced by impregnating a cellulose-containing material with an aqueous reaction solution including a carboxyalkylating agent, an alkali metal hydroxide, and a cross-linking agent dissolved in water in an initial content of 50 to 90% by weight, the molar ratio of the carboxylating agent to glucose groups of cellulose being 0.7 to 2.0; adjusting the water content of the aqueous reaction solution impregnated in the cellulose-containing material to 20 to 60% by weight and of at least 5% by weight below the initial water content by evaporating a portion of water; and subjecting the water content-adjusted cellulose-containing material to a simultaneous cross-linking and carboxylating reaction procedure at 50.degree. to 110.degree. C., while maintaining the water content at 20 to 60% and of at least 5% by weight below the initial water content.

Abstract: A process for extracting volatile organic compounds and pitch from wood particulates, thereby virtually eliminating the emission of volatile organic compounds into the atmosphere during the processing of wood particulates into commercially useful products, such as oriented strandboard, particle board, chipboard veneers, and pulp and paper products. The removal of pitch permits the production of pulps of higher brightness, requiring less chemical bleaching agents. Moreover, removal of pitch eliminates pitch scale formation in pulp mills and on pulp and paper machines with resultant improved efficiencies and reduced use of pitch treatment chemicals. In the extraction process, a solvent or blend of solvents, leach wood extractives, including volatile organic compounds and pitch, from the wood particulates to produce a miscella. The miscella is separated from the leached wood particulates and solvent contained in the miscella is recovered and recycled for reuse.

Abstract: A method is provided for delignifying and bleaching a lignocellulose material, wherein an aqueous solution of a redox catalyst and an oxidant is reacted with the material. The catalyst comprises an organometallic cation of the general formula [(1)Mno.sub.2 Mn(L)].sup.n+, wherein Mn is manganese (III) or (IV) oxide, the two Mn's of this cation may form a pair in a III-III, III-IV or IV-IV oxidative state, n is 2, 3 or 4, O is oxygen, and L is a ligand comprising 4 nitrogen atoms co-ordinating the manganese.

Abstract: An improved process for bleaching pulps is disclosed in which the unbleached pulp is subject to flotation before bleaching and, if necessary, the circulating water is also purified of interfering compounds by flotation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the addition of photosensitising compounds to woodpulps and mixtures thereof for enhancing their whiteness, brightness and chromaticity, as well as to the paper making fibres so obtained and the use thereof.

Abstract: A composition for alkaline hydrogen peroxide bleaching of mechanical wood pulp which employs a quaternary amine compound, such as (3-chloro-2-hydroxy-propyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride, in the stabilized bleach solution. The brightness of the final paper product made from such bleached pulp shows marked improvement over that in which only chelating agents are employed to improve the brightness according to the known art. The process is useful in both silicate and silicate-free bleach solutions.

Abstract: The present invention describes a novel method of bleaching wood pulp by using an aqueous solution containing a salt of lactic acid or citric acid and chlorous acid wherein the aqueous solution is obtained by reacting lactic acid or citric acid and sodium chlorite at a temperature ranging from about 60.degree. F. and about 80.degree. F.

Abstract: Novel imidazolinium compounds, and a method of using the compounds for softening and conditioning fibers, hair and skin and as surfactants, and debonders for cellulose pulp having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is an n-alkyl, branched alkyl, alkenyl, branched alkenyl alkadienyl or branched alkadienyl group containing 8 to 21 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is a radical selected from the group consisting of (a) --OH, (b) amide radicals each of which has the structure ##STR2## (c) a substituted imidazolinium group which has the structure: ##STR3## R.sub.3 is a radical which has the structure ##STR4## or --OR.sub.5 ; R.sub.4 is an alkyl or alkenyl group containing 1 to 17 carbon atoms; R.sub.5 is R.sub.1 or mono or dialkyl phenyl; A is an integer of from 0 to 20 and B is an integer of from 0 to 20 and A+B>0; x is either chlorine or bromine are provided.

Abstract: In a process for the production of fiber substances from waste which contains aerobically unstable components, the waste is subjected to aerobic decomposition at a temperature of at least 50.degree.C in the presence of oxygen to form a fibrous mass and then the mass is treated with solvents which dissolve these components. This eliminates the odor characteristic of fiber substances produced from waste. An arrangement for carrying out the process is also disclosed.