Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing microfibrillated polysaccharide, preferably microfibrillated cellulose. The invention also relates to microfibrillated cellulose obtainable by the method and use of the microfibrillated cellulose. The method of manufacturing microfibrillated cellulose comprises the following steps: a) Providing a hemicellulose containing pulp, b) Providing wood degrading enzymes c) Mixing pulp and enzymes d) Keeping the mixture in a continuous, flowing system of essentially cylindrical geometry (for example in a plug-flow reactor), e) Conveying the mixture to one or more mixing zones for recirculating and homogenizing the mixture, and f) Harvesting microfibrillated cellulose with a relatively narrow size distribution during the recirculation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for obtaining a monosaccharide from a lignocellulosic material in a form suitable for use as a carbon source in a reaction. In some embodiments, the monosaccharide is in a form suitable for use in a fermentation reaction, e.g., to produce an alcohol such as ethanol.

Abstract: A method of alkaline pretreatment of biomass, in particular, pretreating biomass with gaseous ammonia.

Abstract: A method of producing hardwood pulp is provided. This method comprises treating hardwood chips with one or more than one Family 11 xylanase enzyme in the absence of adding an oxidizing enzyme for about 5 minutes to about 120 minutes, to produce a treated chip mixture. The treated chip mixture is then mechanically refined to produce the hardwood pulp.

Abstract: A solvent spun bamboo fiber with a high wet modulus and a producing method thereof are disclosed. The producing method includes: activating by adding a bamboo pulp into de-ionized water, adjusting the pH value, adding cellulase and adjusting the pH value by adding alkali; squeezing by vacuum dehydration; pre-dissolving by adding an aqueous solution containing 50-88% by mass of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide; then dissolving by putting the above pre-dissolved mixture into a dissolver, heating, vacuumizing, dehydrating, dissolving, homogenizing and defoaming; spinning by spraying through a spinneret and forming a bamboo fiber by dry-wet spinning; water washing; bleaching; oiling; and drying. The present method is simple to operate, free of industrial pollution, low energy consuming, and highly safe. The bamboo fiber produced by the present method not only keeps the natural physical and chemical properties of bamboo fiber, but also has a high wet modulus without harmful chemical residues.

Abstract: In general, the present disclosure is directed to compositions and processes to increase pulp yield, reduce extractives, and reduce scaling in a chemical pulping process. In one particular embodiment, for instance, the present disclosure is directed to a composition comprising a surface active agent, an alkaline mixture, at least one polymer, the polymer having a linear backbone segment having two ends, at least one phosphorus component, the phosphorus component chemically linked along the linear backbone segment of the polymer, and at least one end component, the end component chemically linked to one or both ends of the linear backbone segment of the polymer.

Abstract: A biocomposite material (1) and methods of production thereof are described. The biocomposite material (1) exhibits a physical stiffness, strength and toughness comparable to known glass fibre composites while its composition makes it inherently impermeable to water. A general formulation for the biocomposite material (1) is given by the expression: Cel(1-x-y)HPIx HPOy where “Cel” represents cellulose fragments (2), “HPI” represents hydrophilic binders (4), “HPO” represents hydrophobic binders (5) and (x) and (y) quantify the percentage by weight of the hydrophilic (4) and hydrophobic binders (5) present within a material, respectively. The described properties of the biocomposite material (1) are achieved when (x) is within the range of from 0.05 to 0.55 and (y) is within the range of from 0.05 to 0.65.

Abstract: A process is provided for making a fluff pulp sheet, comprising: contacting at least one cationic dye and at least one debonder surfactant with a composition comprising fluff pulp fibers, to form a fluff pulp mixture; forming a web from the fluff pulp mixture; and drying the web, to obtain the fluff pulp sheet. A fluff pulp sheet is also provided, comprising a web comprising fluff pulp fibers; at least one cationic dye; and at least one debonder surfactant. Products and uses of the fluff pulp sheet are also provided.

Abstract: A process for making pulp includes providing plant fiber raw material. The plant fiber raw material can be wood fiber or gramineae plant fiber. The plat fiber raw material is cooked to make a pulp. A TEMPO catalytic oxidation system is added to the pulp to oxidize the pulp fiber. The oxidized pulp fiber is then bleached.

Abstract: A method of treating and utilizing liquid flows at a chemical pulp mill including stages for: a) chemical pulp is produced in an alkaline cooking process, b) the brown stock generated in the cooking is treated, said treatment comprising washing of the stock and preferably oxygen delignification and subsequent washing of the stock, c) a bleaching process for the brown stock, the bleaching sequence comprising at least one stage using chlorine dioxide and additionally at least one oxidizing bleaching stage and having at least two washing stages for treating the stock with liquids and for producing filtrates, and d) filtrates from stage c) are purified at an effluent treatment plant of the chemical pulp mill, which comprises at least biological treatment, for obtaining purified effluent. The method further includes a stage e), where the purified effluent with a color of 200 mg/l (Pt color) or more and a COD value of over 150 mg/l is used as pulp treatment liquid in stage c).

Abstract: Microbial growth in an aqueous system containing borohydride residues is controlled by adding an aldehyde or aldehyde source, followed by adding an active halogen biocide. The active halogen biocide is preferably stabilized by an N-hydrogen compound.

Abstract: Paper comprised solely of a nonwood fiber mix is demonstrated to meet the technical physical specifications of commercially produced papers made from wood. The esthetically impressive paper meets nearly every technical specification of commercially produced paper.

Abstract: Methods to preserve starch present in pulp are provided and also methods to control calcium precipitation and/or scaling in digesters or BOD systems. The methods can be performed as part of a papermaking process. Process water containing pulp can be treated with a chloramine. Process water containing pulp with native starch can receive a double treatment with at least one biocide, such as chloramine, and at least one oxidant, such as sodium hypochlorite. The treatment can be performed in any suitable manner. The treatment can be performed at one or more stages or locations in a papermaking system. A target residual chloramine value or range can be achieved by the treatment. Packaging sheets/boards and other paper products manufactured using the methods provided exhibit superior strength and other desirable characteristics.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for exploiting coated paper products such as coated paper cups. End products include biofuels that have a high energy density. The biofuels may be mixed with coal or other fuels and have good binding characteristics. In some embodiments, useful chemicals such as HMF are produced. The methods involve heat treatment at relatively mild temperatures and pressures under acidic conditions.

Abstract: An omnibus process of pulping and bleaching lignocellulosic materials in which a charge of a lignocellulosic material is biopulped and/or water extracted prior to pulping and bleaching. The lignocellulosic material may be mechanically pulped and bleached in the presence of an enzyme that breaks lignin-carbohydrate complexes. The aqueous extract in embodiments including a water extract step is separated into acetic acid and hemicellulose sugar aqueous solutions.

Abstract: A method for treating a cellulosic material comprising extracting the cellulosic material with an extractant to selectively extract hemicellulose therein and separating the extracted hemicellulose to form a cellulosic product comprising less hemicellulose than the cellulosic material. The extractant comprises an amine oxide and a non-solvent. The cellulosic product retains the cellulosic fiber morphology.

Abstract: Compositions and processes that enhance the brightness and improve color of pulp or paper when applied during different stages of the papermaking process involving optical brighteners are identified. Used in combination with optical brighteners and/or chelants the described agents produce a synergistic effect not previously identified in the paper process.

Abstract: A method to treat a lignocellulosic material including: performing a steam explosion reaction on the lignocellulosic material and discharging a slurry from the; adding an alkali material to the slurry in a first conveyor; transferring the slurry with the alkali material from the first conveyor to a second conveyor; adding an enzyme solution to the slurry while in, entering or at the discharge of the second conveyor; transferring the slurry with the enzyme solution from the second conveyor slurry to a mixer; mixing the slurry in the mixer, wherein a second portion of the enzyme solution is added to the slurry during the mixing, and transferring the slurry with the enzyme solution from the mixer to a first reactor vessel wherein the slurry in the first reactor vessel undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis such that the viscosity of the slurry is reduced in the first reactor vessel.

Abstract: A system and method of manufacturing a feedstock for producing paper fiber from fruit of a plant may include providing a by-product source inclusive of fiber from the edible fruit after a process for removing a majority of the edible fruit is used to produce a food. One or more treatment processes to brighten the fruit by-product may be performed. The feedstock may be produced from the brightened fruit by-product.

Abstract: Methods for obtaining concentrated sugar solution from polysaccharide enriched biomass by contacting biomass with water and at least one nucleophilic base to produce a polysaccharide enriched biomass comprising a solid fraction and a liquid fraction and then contacting the solid fraction with saccharification enzyme consortium to produce a saccharification product comprising at least about 7 percent by weight sugars in 24 hours. The methods include optionally adding at least one additive selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols, fatty acid esters, fatty acid ethoxylates, nonionic surfactants derived from polyethoxylated sorbitan and a fatty acid, sodium lauriminodipropionate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, sodium tridecyl ether sulfate and a combination of these, such that enzyme loading of the saccharification enzyme consortium can be reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a lignocellulosic biomass saccharification pre-treatment device capable of producing a pretreated material for saccharification. The lignocellulosic biomass saccharification pre-treatment device comprises a separation unit 4 which separates ammonia gas by heating a pretreated material for saccharification obtained from a substrate mixture obtained by mixing lignocellulosic biomass and ammonia water; a first heat recovery unit 25 which recovers heat-of-dissolution generated when ammonia gas is dissolved in water, and the heat supply units 8, 9, 10 which generate heat by using heat-of-dissolution recovered by the frst heat recovery unit 25 and supply the heat to the separation unit 4.

Abstract: An apparatus for feeding one or more chemicals into a process stream of a pulp process is disclosed, as well as a method of utilizing the apparatus for feeding one or more chemicals into a pulp process is disclosed.

Abstract: An omnibus process of pulping and bleaching lignocellulosic materials in which a charge of a lignocellulosic material is biopulped and/or water extracted prior to pulping and bleaching. The lignocellulosic material may be mechanically pulped and bleached in the presence of an enzyme that breaks lignin-carbohydrate complexes. The aqueous extract in embodiments including a water extract step is separated into acetic acid and hemicellulose sugar aqueous solutions.

Abstract: Methods to control lipophilic extractives in Acacia pulp and fibers are described. One method involves contacting the pulp or fibers with a composition containing at least one enzyme, such as at least one esterase or lipase or both, for a sufficient time and in a sufficient amount to control the lipophilic extractives present in the pulp or fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a high-yield pulp comprising a) treating a lignocellulose containing material chemically by means of an oxidizing system comprising at least one non-enzymatic oxidant substantially free from ozone and chlorine dioxide and an activator at a pH from about 2 to about 6.5; and b) treating the lignocellulose containing material mechanically for a time sufficient to produce a high-yield pulp, wherein the lignocellulose containing material is chemically treated prior to and/or during any mechanical treatment stage, and wherein the lignocellulose containing material is not chemically treated at a pH from about 11.5 to about 14 between stages a) and b).

Abstract: Oxidative compositions and processes that preserve and enhance the brightness and improve color of pulp or paper when applied during different stages of the papermaking process are identified. The oxidative composition and method maintains and/or enhances brightness, prevents yellowing, and enhances the performance of paper products. Used in combination with optical brighteners and/or chelants the oxidative agents produce a synergistic effect not previously identified in the paper process.

Abstract: Compositions and processes that preserve and enhance the brightness and improve color of pulp or paper when applied during different stages of the papermaking process are identified. The composition and method maintains and/or enhances brightness, prevent yellowing, and enhances the performance of paper products. Used in combination with optical brighteners and/or chelants the described agents produce a synergistic effect not previously identified in the paper process.

Abstract: A process for treatment of a lignocellulosic material comprising contacting the lignocellulosic material with a solution of chloride ions, which solution comprises a concentration of chloride ions in the range from equal to or more than 1 ppm weight to equal to or less than 350 ppm weight based on the total weight of the solution; at a temperature in the range from equal to or more than 120° C. to equal to or less than 200° C.; and at a pH in the range from equal to or more than 0.1 to equal to or less than 4.

Abstract: Biomass pretreatment using anhydrous ammonia was found to be effective in a static vessel when the ammonia can penetrate through the biomass particles or pieces in vapor state. To achieve this condition, total system moisture content is kept below 40 weight % based on total mass in the system. The pretreated biomass product is effectively saccharified to produce fermentable sugars for biocatalyst production of a product.

Abstract: A process comprising treating a lignocellulosic material preferably pulp in the presence of a transition metal catalyst with a oxidizing agent selected from a group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, hypochlorous acid and any combination thereof to form a treated lignocellulosic material having a viscosity equal to or less than about 17 cp and having reducing functional groups selected from the group consisting of aldehyde and aldehyde type functional groups at the C6 and C1 positions but predominating at the C1 position.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for the production of a tissue paper web, which is produced from a pulp suspension having fibers. The method according to the present invention is characterized in that the pulp suspension is formed, at least partly by, a pulp suspension fraction obtained through the treatment of old paper, has a refining degree of less than 30° SR and is of such condition that a laboratory sheet according to TAPPI 205 SP 95 (Rapid Köthen), whose breaking length measured according to TAPPI 220 and TAPPI 494 is 4.0 km or more, is produced therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for increasing the concentration of xylose in lignocellulosic hydrolysate. The method includes the step of extruding lignocellulosic material and mixing the lignocellulosic material with diluted acid and the step of conducting hot-water extraction on the mixture. Hence, the concentration of the xylose in the lignocellulosic hydrolysate can achieve a high concentration of 60 g/L, and the yield of the xylose can reach to 90%.

Abstract: A process of treating a lignocellulosic material includes a pre-extraction step in which hemicellulose is extracted from the lignocellulosic material. In one embodiment, the pre-extraction step involves contacting the lignocellulosic material with an aqueous solution under conditions that release acidic material from the lignocellulosic material into the aqueous solution, and the aqueous solution includes a basic material that at least partly neutralizes the acidic material so that the aqueous solution at the end of the pre-extraction step has a pH within a range of from 4.5 to 11. The process also includes a pulping step, after the pre-extraction step, in which the lignocellulosic material is separated into pulp. The process further includes an adsorption step, after the pulping step, in which hemicellulose is adsorbed on the pulp.

Abstract: The method of the present invention is directed towards a method to increase the pulp yield of a lignocellulosic material, or increasing pulp bulk and/or pulp viscosity. This method comprises the following steps; preparing a lignocellulosic material, contacting the lignocellulosic material in a vessel with hot water or steam for a predetermined time, producing acetic acid from the reaction of the hot water or steam and the lignocellulosic material, lowering the pH to less than about 4, removing lignocellulosic material extracts including a large percentage of hemicellulose, acetic acid and metal ions, exposing contacted lignocellulosic material to pulping chemicals in a pulping reactor, forming a contacted lignocellulosic material pulp with a kappa number below about 19 after about 90 minutes of contact with the pulping chemicals, exposing the contacted lignocellulosic material pulp to whitening agents, and producing a whitened hot water contacted lignocellulosic material pulp.

Abstract: Oxidative compositions and processes that preserve and enhance the brightness and improve color of pulp or paper when applied during different stages of the papermaking process are identified. The oxidative composition and method maintains and/or enhances brightness, prevents yellowing, and enhances the performance of paper products. Used in combination with optical brighteners and/or chelants the oxidative agents produce a synergistic effect not previously identified in the paper process.

Abstract: A household thin paper, that offers flexibility and further difficulty in tearing, comprising a polyester-based compound represented by General Formula (1): wherein R1 is HO— or HO(R2O)a-, R2 is an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, only a single type of R2O or two types of R2O can be attached randomly or as a block, “a” is 1 to 200, all “a”s may be same or different in an identical molecule, b is 2 to 100, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a paper product having 0.1 to 10 percent of an acid treated seed based fiber material incorporated into the paper making composition. The remainder of the paper product can be pulp fibers, for example wood fibers. The seed based fiber material is present on the surface of the pulp fibers and imparts certain properties to the paper product formed from it.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for treating pectin-containing ligno-cellulosic raw materials in a high-yield pulping process utilizing one or more treatment stages at alkaline conditions. The invention provides a method for controlling the alkaline treatment step, wherein the alkali is applied at a low temperature treatment stage before one or more consecutive treatment stages at the same or higher temperature. The present invention also provides pulp, paper, board or tissue obtained with said method.

Abstract: In general, the present disclosure is directed to compositions and processes to increase pulp yield, reduce extractives, and reduce scaling in a chemical pulping process. In one particular embodiment, for instance, the present disclosure is directed to a composition comprising a surface active agent, an alkaline mixture, at least one polymer, the polymer having a linear backbone segment having two ends, at least one phosphorus component, the phosphorus component chemically linked along the linear backbone segment of the polymer, and at least one end component, the end component chemically linked to one or both ends of the linear backbone segment of the polymer.

Abstract: Novel dehydrin promoters isolated from Eucalyptus dunnii and Eucalyptus macarthurii are cold-inducible and can be used for driving CBF genes in plants, including trees, to enhance tolerance to freezing temperatures or water stress and reduce undesirable effects associated with CBF gene expression.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of reductively bleaching a mineral slurry comprising adding in the mineral slurry an effective amount of a formamidine sulfinic acid (FAS) and an effective amount of a borohydride to reductively bleach the mineral slurry, compositions comprising a mineral slurry, a FAS, and a borohydride, and final products comprising a mineral obtained by the method disclosed herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for increasing bulk of a fiber product, in which process a fiber pulp, and further a fiber product, is formed. In accordance with the invention, in a first step a carbonate compound is added to the fiber pulp as a basic component, and in a second step acid is added as an acidic component, in order to form salt, to provide the formation of small-bubbled gas, and to increase the bulk, and the fiber pulp is dehydrated. The invention also relates to a corresponding fiber product and to the use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of increasing the brightness of pulp, pulp made from such methods and methods of using such pulp.

Abstract: Provided is a nanofiber sheet that sufficiently refined by fibrillation and has high crystallinity of cellulose fiber and can realize a fiber-reinforced composite material exhibiting high transparency, a high elastic modulus, a low coefficient of linear thermal expansion, and high heat resistance and being high in flatness and smoothness. This nanofiber sheet includes crystalline cellulose as the main component and a lignin in an amount of from 10 ppm to 10 wt %. When a fiber/resin composite material obtained by impregnating the nanofiber sheet with tricyclodecane dimethacrylate, subjecting the impregnated product to UV-curing at 20 J/cm2, and heating the cured product in vacuum at 160° C. for two hours includes 60 wt % of the cured tricyclodecane dimethacrylate and 40 wt % of nanofiber, the following physical characteristics (i) to (iii) are satisfied: (i) the parallel light transmittance of light of a wavelength of 600 nm at a sheet thickness of 100 ?m is 70% or more; (ii) the Young's modulus is 5.

Abstract: An oxidative solution (Ox-B, a solution of no less than 5:1 sodium hypochlorite: hydrogen peroxide) was found to remove both lignin and hemicellulose from sugarcane bagasse. After treatment the cellulosic residue readily separated from the lignin and hemicellulose by sedimentation. The residue (the pulp) contained up to 80% by weight cellulose, and was easily degradable by cellulase enzyme. A treatment of oxidation with low concentrations of Ox-B, followed by a caustic wash, produced a cellulose residue that was able to be almost completely hydrolyzed to simple sugars by cellulase. Due to the low amount chemical used and the efficiency of the degradation, this process has commercial potential.

Abstract: Bleached and unbleached pulps are treated with an enzyme in one or more stages of the bleaching process to yield a low DP pulp suitable for lyocell manufacture. This allows higher throughput of fiber an economy of manufacture.

Abstract: The method is for the pre-treatment of chips that are fed to a sulphate cooking process. Through the addition of an acidic fluid to the steam treatment step, a very high ionic concentration of hydrogen ions is achieved. When the chips are subsequently formed into a slurry with a preferably sulphide-rich alkali cooking fluid, H2S is formed locally in the chips, which gives a yield-increasing effect for the subsequent cooking step of l-3%.

Abstract: The method is for pre-treatment of chips that are fed to a sulphate cooking process. Through acidification of the chips in an acidic treatment fluid with a subsequent draining of free treatment fluid before subsequent steaming or wet-steaming, a high concentration of free hydrogen ions is established within the chip pieces. When the chips are subsequently formed into slurry with preferably a sulphide-rich alkali cooking fluid, H2S is formed locally in the chip pieces which gives a yield-increasing effect in the subsequent cooking step of 1-3%.

Abstract: A continuous and batch system to produce cellulose, native lignin and unicellular protein from any form of vegetation in a closed process. The biomass is mixed in the impregnate solution of nitric acid and/or ammonium hydroxide and water. After a period of time at room temperature and atmospheric pressure the chemical solution is recycled. The biomass is moved to the reactor and heated. Evaporated impregnate is recovered via absorption tower and recycled back to chemical solution. The biomass is moved to an alkaline solution, then cooled to separate pulp from black liquor. The black liquor is pumped to a separation tank and is treated to precipitate lignin. The solution is filtered to separate sweet liquor and lignin. The lignin is dried and the sweet liquor is fermented to produce unicellular protein.

Abstract: A method of providing papermaking fibers with durable curl comprising: a) introducing papermaking fiber into a rotatable drum adapted for operation at elevated pressure; b) rotating the drum containing the papermaking fiber while maintaining: i) the fiber in aqueous dispersion having a consistency of from about 5 to about 45 percent; ii) a temperature of above about 100° C.; the drum being configured such that the aqueous fiber dispersion contacts the rotating wall of the drum during rotation thereof and the mechanical action of the drum on the dispersion provides a durable curl to the papermaking fiber; removing the curled fiber from the rotatable drum wherein the temperature, time, consistency and energy input to the fiber are controlled such that fibers treated exhibit a curl elevation of at least 50 percent at 1 hour storage time.