Abstract: The integrated manufacturing system is formed by the combination of a continuous casting apparatus and hot rolling mills. The continuous casting apparatus is formed by confronting wide side mold walls and confronting narrow side mold walls. The narrow side mold walls are composed of an electrically conductive refractory material and are directly heated. Each of the narrow side mold walls include an upper squeezed portion and a lower parallel portion. The upper squeezed portion has a surface in contact with the molten metal which converges in width along a casting direction. The lower parallel portion has a surface in contact with the molten metal which is substantially uniform in width.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for strand-casting near to final size cast formats from non-ferrous metals for the purpose of further cold working, especially strips, bars or tubes of copper or copper alloys. The process includes continuously casting the melt in a vertical mold to form a vertical strand, withdrawing the solidified strand from the mold in a centrally guided manner and directly threading into a surface treatment machine, removing the surface of the strand, laterally cutting the surface-finished strand in a predetermined manner, and removing the cut strand pieces from the machine. The machine for carrying out the process has a base frame which is connected to a foundation and on which a withdrawal device, a surface treatment unit, a cross-cutting device, and a conveying device are provided in line.

Abstract: Method for the controlled pre-rolling of thin slabs (20) leaving a continuous casting plant, whereby the pre-rolling is carried out with a plurality of pairs of rolls (14-16), a first pre-rolling assembly (10) being positioned immediately downstream of foot rolls (12) of a mold (11), at least one displaceable roll (16) being included in the pairs of rolls (14-16), the pairs of rolls (14-16) being associated with pressure transducer (18) and hydraulic capsule (17), position transducer (24) being included. The pressure transducer (18) and position transducer (24) can be associated with a data processing unit (21), at least the first of the pairs of rolls (14-16) processing a slab (20) which has just emerged from the mold (11) with a thin solidified skin.

Abstract: In continuous casting in a continuous casting plant, a strand (2) after emergence from the mold (1) is reduced in thickness by a wedge-shaped roller gap. In order to assure upon the casting to obtain the shortest possible wedge-shaped solidified head piece (25) or in the event of an interruption in casting or a decrease in the operating casting speed a short completely solidified strand intermediate piece of a thickness (28) differing from the desired final thickness (26) of the strand, the strand (2) is reduced in thickness exclusively in a region in which it has a liquid center (20), support segments (4, 5) being so directed at all times that the liquid tip (19) of the liquid center (20) always lies in a region of the strand guide in which the roller gap developed by the rollers (8) is the narrowest parallel gap--with respect to the following strand guide and disregarding a roller adjustment which follows the shrinkage of the completely solidified strand.

Abstract: Apparatus and method of producing a thin metal ribbon by pouring a molten metal onto the surface of a quench roll rotating at a high speed so as to rapidly cool and solidify the metal to form the ribbon, separating the ribbon from the quench roll and conveying the same to a take-up device. A compressed gas is blown tangent to the quench roll to separate the ribbon from the quench roll. The separated ribbon is sucked and caught by a suction conveyor which runs at a velocity greater than the speed of production of the thin meal ribbon thereby imparting tension to the ribbon.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an oven installation as intermediate storage between the non-mandrel type coiling device for the strip-shaped slab located downstream of a thin-slab casting installation and its uncoiling device corresponding to the rolling mill downstream.

Abstract: Line to produce strip and/or sheet or a combined line for strip/sheet, starting from at least one plant for the continuous casting of thin or medium slabs, the continuous casting plant comprising in sequence a continuous casting machine (12), at least one assembly (13) for shearing to size, a temperature restoration system, a rolling train (17-117) and a possible assembly (19) for the cooling of strip/sheet. A device to accelerate the speed of feed of the slabs is included downstream of the assembly (13) for shearing to size. The temperature-restoration system includes an induction furnace (14) with at least one working frequency to heat the surface and edges of the slabs, the induction furnace (14) being followed by a low-speed descaler (115) and by a tunnel furnace (16). An emergency shears (24) and high-speed descaler (15) is included between the tunnel furnace (16) and the rolling train (17-117).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparing a continuous flow of castable composite materials of nonmetallic particles in a metallic matrix, wherein particles are mixed into a molten metallic alloy to wet the molten metal to the particles, and the particles and metal are sheared past each other to promote wetting of the particles by the metal. The mixing occurs while minimizing the introduction of gas into the mixture, and while minimizing the retention of gas at the particle-liquid interface. Mixing is done at or below a maximum temperature whereat the particles do not substantially chemically degrade in the molten metal during the time required for processing, and casting is done at a temperature sufficiently high that there is no solid metal present in the melt.

Abstract: Plant and method to produce strip (11), starting from thin slabs (29) produced by a continuous casting plant (12), whereby the thin slab (29) undergoes at least one descaling step followed by a roughing step and a finishing step before being wound in coils, the mould being subjected to an oscillation action the conformation of which is at least partly correlated with the casting parameters (at least the speed, temperature and complex structure of the steel), and whereby the thin slab (29) leaving the crystalliser of the continuous casting plant (12) has a thickness between 70 and 100 mm. and travels at a speed between 2 and 10 metres per minute, the thin slab (29), before the roughing rolling step, staying at least in a furnace (16) at least maintaining the temperature of the slab (29) for a period correlated at least with the characteristics of the surface defects of the thin slab (29), the roughing rolling step being carried out at an outgoing speed of about 1.

Abstract: Steel is continuously cast by employing a mold and a casting track. The casting track has a metallurgical length wherein the steel is substantially liquidus at one end of the length and substantially solidified at the other end of the length. At a distance along the length, the area of the cross-section of the solidifying liquid steel is reduced while maintaining the length of the perimeter of the reduced cross-section. The distance is between about 10% and about 80% of the length from the one end to the other end.

Abstract: Method for the controlled pre-rolling of thin slabs (20) leaving a continuous casting plant, whereby the pre-rolling is carried out with a plurality of pairs of rolls (14-16) grouped together in one or more pre-rolling assemblies (10), the first of the pre-rolling assemblies (10) being positioned immediately downstream of foot rolls (12) of a mold (11), at least one displaceable roll (16) being included in the pairs of rolls (14-16), the pairs of rolls (14-16) being associated with pressure transducer means (18) and hydraulic capsule means (17), position transducer means (24) being included. The pressure transducer means (18) and position transducer means (24) can be associated with a data processing unit (21), at least the first of the pairs of rolls (14-16) processing a slab (20) which has just emerged from the mold (11) with a thin solidified skin.

Abstract: The strip is cast on a chilled casting surface of a rotating drum from a pool of the molten metal contained in a tundish having a graphite lip insert seated therein cooperating with, the casting surface adjacent to the tundish to form and contain the pool of the molten metal. The tundish preferably contains a feed chamber, a return chamber, and a diverting chamber, the feed chamber and the diverting chamber effectively removing turbulence from the molten feed and the return chamber having a vertically adjustable weir dividing the return chamber from the diverting chamber for controlling the surface level of the pool of molten metal in the diverting chamber and the lip insert and for diverting a flow of molten metal to the return chamber. A preferred lead alloy is a low antimony-lead alloy which is cast into strip and is subjected to a heat treatment to permit expansion and shaping in subsequent production of expanded mesh battery grids.

Abstract: The mold has movable sidewalls (13) to adjust the width of the slab and an enlarged casting chamber (11) extending along the length of the crystallizer of the mold (10). Located immediately downstream of the mold (10) are containing plates (24) and transverse rolls (18) defining a possible first assembly (19) of rolls, a second assembly (28) of rolls and a third assembly (29) of rolls. The casting chamber (11) has an enlargement provided by a central curve defined by a first equivalent radius R, the central curve at the inlet (16) of the casting chamber (11) being defined by the specific first equivalent radius R' and by a width L of at least 500 mm. with a value of the lateral half-enlargement A between 30 mm. and 90 mm.

Abstract: Assembly to wind-unwind thin slabs which cooperates with a continuous casting plant (11) producing thin slabs (12) and is positioned on the same axis as that plant (11), a heating and temperature-equalization furnace (17) being included upstream of the winding-unwinding assembly (10), at least one pair of drawing rolls (23) cooperating with the winding-unwinding assembly (10), which comprises two coiling-uncoiling units (20a-20b) positioned circumferentially equidistant from, and on, a base plate (21) able to rotate about a substantially central vertical axis, one of the units (20a-20b) taking over alternately the position and function of the other unit (20a-20b) and viceversa, each coiling-uncoiling unit (20a-20b) being equipped with its own lead-in guide (26) and powered rolls (28), the powered rolls (28) being coplanar and positioned below the thin slab (12) and cooperating with a curvature-imparting roll (29), which can be moved from a position of cooperation with, and between the powered rolls (28) to an

Abstract: A method for the direct casting of metallic material, such as steel, to produce elongated bodies (2) which can form blanks having a cross-section which corresponds relatively close to the cross-section of the intended products, in which method a metal melt (1'), while at least its outermost layer remains molten, is caused to run from an outlet gate (3) in a molten-metal container (1) and is collected subsequent to solidification. The melt (1') of molten metal which exits from the gate exits together with a metallic body (5) which has substantially the same melting point as the molten metal, this metallic body being passed through the gate (3), inserted into and moving with the molten metal and causes cooling of the molten metal (1') progressively. The metallic body thereby entrains the molten metal at substantially the same speed as the metallic body (5) in what is termed a boundary layer.

Abstract: A superior unitary one quarter mile long railroad rail and system and method for manufacturing the same. The method of manufacture is characterized by the use of a continuous rolling process and the in-line controlled cooling of the rail. The system produces very long rails without any weld seams.

Abstract: The apparatus includes a set of no more than three pairs of deformation rollers for deforming the continuous cast strip. A drive device positioned downstream of the deformation rollers drives the cast strip. Guide rollers are positioned downstream of the deformation rollers.

Abstract: Apparatus separates a thin metal strip produced from a molten metal from a surface of a cooling roll by rapidly solidifying using a single roll method and conveys and guides the separated thin strip downstream. A separation/tensioning/guiding unit is positioned adjacent the cooling roll to separate tension and guide the rapidly solidified thin strip, which unit includes a cooperating doctor blade in pressure contact with the cooling roll. A suction conveyor is provided downstream of the separation/tensioning/guiding unit.

Abstract: Mobile modules for electromagnetic-induction heating or reheating a flat metallurgical product on the move, wherein each of the said modules is mounted so as to move on a track perpendicular to the direction of movement of the product. Each module includes an on-board counterweight, the potential energy of which may, at any instant, be used to quickly remove the module from the product.

Abstract: Oxygen-free copper, particularly wire, is manufactured in a casting and rolling plant composed of melting plant, continuous casting mold and a subsequently arranged continuous rolling mill. The method includes bending a billet leaving the casting plant along a straight line into the horizontal, after the billet has been reduced in at least one shaping pass. The arrangement for carrying out the method includes at least one shaping stand arranged following the continuous casting mold, wherein the rolling axis of the shaping stand coincides with the longitudinal center axis of the continuous casting mold. The region between melting furnace and continuous casting mold and the region between continuous casting mold and the shaping stand are arranged under gas shrouding.

Abstract: A horizontal continuous casting apparatus comprises, in one aspect, a tundish in which a molten metal material is stored, a mold assembly connected air-tightly to the tundish for casting a round billet, and an extraction device disposed on a downstream side of the mold assembly for forming a billet having a predetermined shape from the round billet fed from the mold assembly. The extraction device comprising a plurality of formation roll units arranged along a casting direction of the round billet and the formation roll units are composed of horizontal circular roll pairs, press units for pressing the roll pairs against the round billet and drive units for driving the roll pairs.

Abstract: A multi-articulated arm in a continuous casting machine which interacts with a melt surface condition within a mold, including melt surface abnormalities such as boiling and lack of powder, and a condition of slag beard formation by using image sensors, and also detects a condition of Deckel formation by using a load sensor through a sensor rod, thereby controlling a casting speed, a flow rate of gas blown into a pouring nozzle, a flow rate of a melt poured into the mold, scatter of powder to prevent the occurrence of the melt surface abnormalities. Additionally, said arm can remove a slag beard by a hitting oscillator and removing Deckels by the sensor rod. Those works can be performed following priority thereof by a multi-functional robot equipped with a multi-articulated arm having at its distal end an automatic tool changer mechanism.

Abstract: A twin roll-type sheet continuous casting apparatus includes a nozzle for supplying molten metal; a pair of casting rolls for casting the molten metal supplied from the nozzle into a sheet, the casting rolls being horizontally disposed in parallel relation to each other, being cooled, and rotated in opposite directions, respectively; a coiler; and a support sheet extending generally horizontally below the pair of casting rolls for receiving the cast sheet and transferring it to the coiler, and being taken up by the coiler along with the cast sheet placed therein. Since tension is not applied to the cast sheet, even a brittle material can be continuously cast into a sheet. Also, a dummy sheet requested for starting the casting of the sheet becomes unnecessary, and even when a rupture of the sheet occurs, the apparatus can be continuously operated without stopping the operation.

Abstract: In the manufacture of thin metal slab, a workpiece is cast in a continuous casting mould but, while still connected to the part within the mould, the workpiece is treated differently across its width to produce slab of a different width from the east workpiece and of uniform cross-section. The treatment may be rolling or forging.

Abstract: Multiple pairs of pinch rolls are used to advance a rod product along a pathway following a continuously casting and rolling system. Each pinch roll pair exerts a force normal to the rod of less than the amount necessary to substantially degrade the yield strength characteristics of the finished rod. Multiple driven pinch roll pairs cooperate to advance the rod by compressive engagement and accomplish the work of one or two pairs of pinch rolls to minimize work hardening and/or plastic deformation, which can result in an increase in yield strength. Yield strength characteristics are thus improved while the continuous rod product is still advanced and guided at very high speed along a pathway from a horizontal to a vertical direction.

Abstract: A method and system for continuously producing a flat steel product from flat stock produced by the arcuate continuous casting method with a horizontal direction of emergence are disclosed. In one form of the invention, flat stock is shaped after solidification of a strand in a first shaping stage at temperatures exceeding about 1100.degree. C. The stock is then inductively reheated to a temperature of about 1100.degree. C. with approximate temperature equalization of an entire cross-section of the flat stock. The flat stock is additionally shaped in at least one additional shaping stage with rolling speeds in accordance with the stock's accompanying reduction in thickness per pass.

Abstract: In the manufacture of hot-rolled steel strip, a continuous casting machine casts a slab and a roll stand for reducing the thickness of the slab to make strip is incorporated in line with the continuous casting machine. Advantages of simplicity and rolling quality are obtained when the roll stand is a two-high roll stand having a single pair of rolls. Where there is a reheater for reheating the strip after its rolling in the two-high roll-stand, the two-high roll stand is the sole apparatus for reducing the thickness of the slab after full solidification of the slab and prior to entry of the strip into the reheater.

Abstract: Each continuous casting line is associated with a first insulated tunnel (18) followed by a second temperature-equalization furnace tunnel (19) positioned in sequence between a continuous casting plant (11) and a rolling mill (13).

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for vertical continuous casting. The vertical continuous casting includes drawing a strand formed in a watercooled mold vertically downward therefrom, positioning light reduction pinch rollers just prior to the solidification completing point of the strand, and applying a light reduction force to the strand sufficient to compensate for contraction caused by solidification of the strand. By this procedure the formation of central cavities is prevented and central segregation is lessened. The light reduction pinch rollers are arranged to be adjustably positioned up and down along the strand, in order to compensate for fluctuations in the location of the solidification completing point of the strand.

Abstract: In a continuous casting plant for slabs with a consecutively arranged rolling mill, a furnace is provided between a strand separating device arranged at a run-out roller table of the continuous casting plant and the rolling mill. The furnace has a feed side, a delivery side and a transverse conveying device for conveying a slab from a longitudinal conveying device arranged on the feed side to a longitudinal conveying device arranged on the delivery side and including a slab storage place located parallel to the longitudinal conveying device. In order to enable the compact construction of the furnace and simple installations within the furnace, at least one fixed hearth having a minimum width adapted to a slab width is provided within the furnace parallel to the longitudinal conveying device.

Abstract: The arrangement includes three casting lines arranged in front of a finishing train. The casting line in the middle is in alignment with the finishing train. The thin slabs severed from the cast strands are conveyed to the finishing train with two ferries and which are combined longitudinal/transverse/longitudinal conveying systems. The thin slabs are conveyed by placing the two ferries alternatingly in alignment with two adjacent casting lines.

Abstract: The cast metal strip is retained on both sides between supporting and conveying elements, the supporting and conveying elements comprising on one side a group of wire cables 6, 12, 18, 27 and on the other side either a similar group of wire cables 5, 24 or a cooling roller 11, 17 or a coiler 23. The wire cables 5, 6, 17, 18, 24 and 27 ensure that the cast metal strip 4 is guided with as small a contact area as possible, so that on the one hand the strip is less stressed and on the other hand can irradiate heat.

Abstract: A method for improving the internal center segregation and center porosity of a continuously cast slab, wherein an unsolidified side edge portion and a given area at the upstream side of the cast slab during continuous casting are defined as a plane reducing zone; a holding means is provided having two sets of top and bottom walking plane reducing compressing means at the plane reducing zone, front and rear supporting shafts common to the sets, eccentric cams for each set arranged at the front and the rear supporting shafts for holding and releasing of the cast slab, and a front and a rear displacement mechanism; the cast slab holding position of the upper surface of the bottom side walking plane reducing means of each set is set within 0.5 mm of the deviation on a passline of a continuous casting machine; the cast slab holding position of the lower surface of the top walking plane reducing means of each set is set at a desired reduction taper having a plane reduction ratio of 0.5 to 5.

Abstract: A powder feeder for continuous casting is provided with a powder container for storing casting powder in the final stage prior to being supplied onto a molten steel surface, and a spreading feeder for spreading the casting powder on the molten steel surface in a mold. The powder container is arranged above the head of an operator in the operator work area, the spreading feeder is supported and manipulated by a robot arm, and powder is supplied to the spreading feeder from the discharge port of the powder container through a flexible transfer path which can follow the movement of the robot arm.

Abstract: A manufacturing line for making hot rolled steel strip including a mold for the continuous casting of steel strip, a strip guidance device located downstream from the mold for the diversion of the cast strip into a horizontal plane, a crosscutting device, a temperature equalization furnace, and a rolling mill. To reduce capital costs, energy consumption and space requirements, and to avoid metallurgical errors in processing, a curved temperature equalization furnace surrounds the strip guidance device. A straight temperature equalization furnace horizontally adjoins the curved temperature equalization furnace, and includes a means for crosscutting the strip prior to its exit from the temperature equalization environment for subsequent rolling.

Abstract: The continuous casting installation includes:a) a funnel-shaped oscillating mold having cooled walls to produce a steel strip having a thickness of 40 to 50 mm; andb) a deforming device disposed at a distance of at most 0.5 m from the mold outlet to squeeze the steel strip to a thickness of not more than 25 mm.

Abstract: According to the invention, molten metal 3 is poured into a continuous-casting ingot mold and the thickness of the product 1 emerging from the ingot mold is reduced using a device for reducing the thickness 20, while the core 5 of said product has still not solidified.The thickness of the product 1 is reduced only in a central zone, excluding the solidified edges of the product, using means for reducing the thickness such as rolls 22 whose working length is less than the width of the large faces 11 of the ingot mold.Means 8 are provided downstream of the rolls 22 in order to crop the edges 7' of the product in the manufacture of thin slabs 9.

Abstract: The arrangement includes one or more steel strip casting plants which are followed by a temperature equalizing furnace, a transverse conveying unit for steel strip sections and a finishing mill. The finishing mill is arranged laterally offset and in the opposite direction of the discharge direction of the steel strip casting plant. Another temperature equalizing furnace is arranged which conveys in the opposite direction of the first temperature equalizing furnace and toward the finishing mill. The temperature equalizing furnaces arranged next to each other are connected to each other by a transverse conveying unit arranged at the front end of the temperature equalizing furnaces.

Abstract: A device is described for straightening a curved steel strand cast continuously by means of a casting wheel machine or a curved mold continuously casting machine. The strand is passed between straightening points with rolls, such as straightening, bending, guide, counter rolls and/or corresponding roll pairs, in accordance with a certain physical law, whereby at least two roll pairs applying bending moments to the strand are provided. The first roll pair is at the same time the roll pair located in the direction of travel of the strand directly downstream of the point of emergence of the strand from the casting machine or is formed by the casting wheel (of the curved mold) itself and a corresponding straightening roll. The second roll pair determines transition of the strand from a finite radius or curvature to a straight line (infinite radius of curvature) at the end of the bending zone. Between these two roll pairs other rolls can be located exclusively along the outside of the strand.

Abstract: An apparatus for transferring a rapidly quenched metallic tape, which is produced by solidification through rapid quenching on a circumferential surface of a single cooling roll rotating at a high speed, from the cooling roll into a winder, comprises a transfer means provided with a pinch roll unit for catching and feeding out the peeled metallic tape, a fan for breaking and discharging the metallic tape fed out from the pinch roll unit, and a dust device for recovering metallic pieces and powder generated in the breakage of the metallic tape by the fan.

Abstract: A continuous casting machine is directly coupled to a rolling facility has many machines in a series including the rolling machine disposed downstream of the continuous casting machine. When one of the machines is stopped, the slab is still continuously produced by the continuous casting machine, but is sheared on the upstream side of the rolling machine and coiled in its hot state rather than rolled. Even though the rolling operation is interrupted, all of the slab being produced by the continuous casting machine is coiled so that the molten metal produced for the casting is not wasted. After the machine that has shut the line down is able to be restarted, the slab that has been stored in its hot state is uncoiled and supplied to the downstream machines.

Abstract: A method for continuous casting metal products under utilization of a mold and pouring molten metal into the mold to obtain a flat stock with a thickness below 100 mm, includes withdrawing the partially solidified casting by at least one roll pair which reduce the thickness of the stock upstream from complete solidification by at least 10% but not more than 70% while further reduction in thickness by at least 30% obtains downstream from complete solidification is improved by requiring that the product being cast has a thickness not below 50 mm; that exclusively internally cooled rollers are used for obtaining the reduction; and that the thickness is reduced downstream from the complete solidification at a point where the temperature is only little below the solidus temperature particularly in the case of steel being a temperature between 1500 and 1200 degrees C.

Abstract: A rolling installation comprises a continuous casting machine, and a light thickness-reduction rolling mill, a width-reduction rolling mill and a thickness-reduction rolling mill which are arranged downstream of the continuous casting machine. The light thickness-reduction rolling mill is driven with a power lower than that required for thickness-reduction rolling by the light thickness-reduction rolling mill. The power deficiency is supplied to the light thickness-reduction rolling mill by the thickness-reduction rolling mill through the cast strip. As a result, a longitudinal tension is applied to the cast strip passing through the width-reduction rolling mill, thereby preventing the cast strip from being buckled and deformed at the width-reduction rolling.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuous casting of slabs having a considerably larger width than thickness, particularly of steel slabs with a thickness below 80 mm, includes feeding the molten material to a mold from a casting vessel, the mold having a cross-section at its charge and power inside, deviating in the middle portion from the desired casting format by a large cross-section but matches the desired format near the edges. In order to obtain an objective for providing equipment for making steel slabs with thickness below 80 mm, without defects and with a high surface quality, its is suggested that, while maintaining the cross-sectional contour of the charge and pour-in end of the mold, over the entire mold length, the skin of the emerging casting in its middle portion is deformed by directly downstream arranged guide and support structure such that after passage through the deforming path the surfaces of the entire slab coincide with the initial edge zone surfaces.

Abstract: In a process for the continuous casting of steel, molten steel is vertically cast in mold means to form a strand having an elongate shape in cross-section and is caused to solidify as it flows through the mold means. To permit a thin strand to be efficiently produced, the strand is first cooled while a constant cross-section is maintained, that cooling is continued until a strong shell which has entirely been solidified at least in the narrow side walls has been formed, and the cooling and solidification of the strand are subsequently continued while the strand is progressively deformed and compacted to form a flat preliminary strip.

Abstract: A steel strand having a thickness of 40 to 50 mm in cast in an oscillating mold for continuous casting at a speed of 2 to 20 m/min. The not yet completely solidified steel strand emerging from the mold is squeezed to such an extent that the inner walls of the already solidified strand shell are welded to one another. After the steel strand reduced in thickness in this way has been cooled to 1000.degree. to 1200.degree. C., the strip is rolled out in at least one pass with a 5 to 85% degree of deformation.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for recrystallization of thin strip material includes a device for electromagnetically melting the thin strip material to provide a molten surface layer and a substantially solid core. Apparatus provides relative movement between the thin strip and the device for electromagnetically melting. Also, an apparatus resolidifies the molten surface layer to provide a preferred crystal structure in the thin strip material.

Abstract: A process and machine for the continuous casting of thin steel products, in which the inner casting space (13) of the mold (1) is given a substantially spindle-shaped cross-section which forms a central part (17) of large thickness (L), making it possible to introduce a jet of molten metal under normal conditions, and having on its sides (18) a small thickness (1) corresponding to that of the product to be produced (53). In a thickness-reducing stand (2) directly at the exit of the mold (1), the central part (17) of the product is progressively flattened to a thickness (1) equal to that of the sides.

Abstract: A protective device for use in a continuous casting and rolling process for protecting an eddy current detectoor. A rod arresting means is actuated when a break in the continuous rod or bar is detected. This prevents rod having fins or projections from passing into and damaging an eddy current detector.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatus for the production of a continuous uniform length of coherent metal. A cone 10 of atomized metal particles is deposited on a surface 12, which is continuously withdrawn in the form of a length of coherent metal 14. Shaping means 16 are provided to make the withdrawn deposit uniform along its length. The equipment is protected from the atmosphere by a hood 18 through which the length of metal is withdrawn through an aperture provided with a seal 20. Preferably, the deposit is of circular cross-section and is caused to rotate during withdrawal about its longitudinal axis. The equipment is suitable to form billet or rod or tube.