Abstract: A pressure control system and means for pressure pouring of cast steel wheels, including a control system and a main gas circuit. The control system includes an upper computer, a PLC unit, a sensor, an operation box and an electronic valve. The upper computer is connected via a signal line with the PLC unit which is connected with each of the sensor, the operation box and the electronic valve. The sensor includes an inside-tank pressure sensor and an inside-mold liquid level detecting sensor. The electronic valve includes a quick breaking valve and a servo valve. The main gas circuit includes a gas pressure bag, a ball valve, a pressure reducing valve, a solenoid valve, and a pressure tank. The gas pressure bag, the ball valve, the pressure reducing valve, the solenoid valve and the pressure tank are connected with one another via gas tubes.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for controlling a molten metal surface in a mold that are effective to various disturbances are provided. The method and the apparatus for controlling a molten metal surface level in a mold according to the present invention perform the following operations of: measuring the molten metal surface level in the mold of a continuous-casting machine; changing a reference position of oscillation of the mold based on the difference between a molten metal surface setting value set in advance as a desired value of the molten metal surface and a measured value of the molten metal surface level; and making the reference position of oscillation follow molten metal surface fluctuations.

Abstract: The inflow of liquid metal into a continuous casting mold is set by a closure device. A measured actual meniscus value is fed to a controller determining a closure device target position on the basis of the actual and a corresponding target value. The measured actual value is fed to a disturbance variable compensator. The target position/corrected target position or a corresponding actual value are further fed to the disturbance variable compensator which determines the disturbance variable compensation value. The disturbance variable compensator has a model of the continuous casting mold for determining an expected value. A number of oscillating compensators determine a frequency disturbance proportion. The sum of the frequency disturbance proportions corresponds to the disturbance variable compensation value. The disturbance variable compensator has a jump determiner, by which it determines the jump compensation value by integrating the difference.

Abstract: Continuous casting machine for forming a lead alloy strip of large thickness; which comprises a cooled rotating drum (4) having an annular seat (8) formed on the periphery thereof and a vat (10) for containing a molten lead bath, which is sealingly engaged on the peripheral surface (7) of the rotating drum (4). The machine (1) also comprises a fixed shoe (11) extending, from the vat (10), along an arc (25) around the rotating drum (4) and having an arc shape suitable for sealing engagement, in a sliding relationship, on the shoulders (90) of the annular seat (8). Heating means (26) are provided, these consisting of a plurality of torches acting on the shoe (11) along at least an initial section thereof (25) which extends from the vat (10), for heating to a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the lead alloy the free surface of the lead inside the annular seat (8).

Abstract: A method for continuously casting a billet with a small cross section in which a curved type or vertical type continuous casting machine is used while oscillating the mold upward and downward is characterized in that the casting machine is provided with a mechanism for withdrawing speed oscillation. The mechanism has structural play in the directions of driving and reverse driving in such a manner that the amount of a play-incurred displacement from the neutral position of the structural play in the direction of billet driving or reverse driving is ±2 to ±30 mm in the direction of driving on the pinch roll circumferential length equivalent basis. The mechanism produces a returning force toward the neutral position and operational parameters such as the billet length, the specific amount of secondary cooling water, the casting speed as well as the oscillation amplitude and frequency are optimized.

Abstract: Continuously casting a billet with a small cross section by pouring molten steel into a mold using a cylindrical immersion nozzle is characterized by measuring the molten steel level in the mold using an eddy current sensor. The level is controlled based on the thus-measured value, motion of steel in the mold is adjusted by electromagnetic stirring, a cooling zone during the final period of solidification is disposed within a certain region ranging from the meniscus to the specific site, and casting speed is adjusted so that the region in which the solid phase ratio at the billet center is 0.3-0.99 may be included in the cooling zone during the final period of solidification. The secondary cooling water amount and the billet surface temperature at the entrance to the cooling zone the density of cooling water in the cooling zone during the final period of solidification are optimized.

Abstract: A process for producing a copper alloy material from a copper alloy of a precipitation reinforced type, which contains a process to perform individually a dissolution of a pure copper and a dissolution of an additional element or a mother alloy containing the same, comprises the steps of: melting an element and/or a mother alloy at a same time, that is selected from a Ni, a Co, an Si, a Ni—Cu mother alloy, a Co—Cu mother alloy, an Si—Cu mother alloy, a Ni—Si—Cu mother alloy, and a Co—Si—Cu mother alloy with combining therebetween, and melting thereof with an assistance of a generation of a heat of mixing, in a case of forming a high density melt containing at least either one of the Ni or the Co, and the Si, as high density thereof; forming the high density melt as a content of the Ni to be 80 mass % at maximum; and forming an alloy molten metal having a predetermined component and concentration, by adding the melt into a pure copper molten metal to be supplied from another melting furnace.

Abstract: A model-based strategy is provided for determining casting roll operating temperature in a continuous thin strip casting process. A first temperature sensor produces a first temperature signal indicative of the temperature of cooling liquid supplied to the casting rolls and a second temperature sensor produces a second temperature signal indicative of the temperature of cooling liquid temperature exiting the casting rolls. A computer determines a heat flux value as a function of the first and second temperature signals, and computes the operating temperature of the casting rolls as a function of the heat flux value, the second temperature signal and a number of constants defined by fixed-valued operating parameters of the continuous thin strip casting process. A control strategy is also provided to modify one or more operating parameters of the continuous thin strip casting process as a function of the casting roll temperature.

Abstract: A method and device are provided for casting a strand of liquid metal which is cast into a mold, and which is drawn as a strand out of the mold. The casting level, e.g., a level of the liquid metal in the mold, is regulated to a predetermined casting-level desired value using a casting-level controller having at least one integrator. The output of the integrator of the casting-level controller is replaced by a predetermined value when the difference between the casting-level actual value and the casting-level desired value exceeds a tolerance threshold.

Abstract: A method and a belt casting device for producing thin billets, in particular composed of steel, has an endless belt to which liquid metal is supplied via a feed device which has a casting channel and is connected to a metallurgical vessel. In this case, the feed device is in the form of a casting channel which has a first casting channel part in the form of a restriction channel part, and which has a second casting channel part whose opening faces the endless belt and whose size corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the finished product. The feed device is connected to a container to which liquid melt can be fed from a metallurgical vessel. Measurement elements are provided, which can be used to detect the level of the liquid melt in the container and/or the thickness of the billet located on the endless belt. Furthermore, the measured values are connected via a measurement and control element to an actuator which is connected to an element for adjusting the outlet rate from the metallurgical vessel.

Abstract: The process is characterized in that, before starting casting, an initialization position is determined for the stopper rod control actuator when the stopper rod is resting on its seat under its own weight and after having filled the tundish equipped with this stopper rod, the actuator is operated to place it in a controlled superclosed position and, to start casting, the actuator is driven according to an imposed movement versus time law, time (t1) for start of casting being determined from this law and the control actuator continues to be driven in opening direction to enable the metal to flow into the ingot mould.

Abstract: A periodic disturbance restraining unit 23 is provided with a control component oscillating at a frequency equal to a frequency of a periodic disturbance of a mold level, calculates a mold level periodic disturbance restraining state amount by using a mold level control deviation signal from a control deviation calculating unit 21 and outputs a mold level periodic disturbance restraining signal. A control loop robust stabilization unit 24 receives a mold level steady-state deviation restraining signal from a steady-state deviation restraining unit 22 and the mold level periodic disturbance restraining signal, calculates an operating amount of a stopper so that a mold level control loop of the control apparatus is brought into robust stability and outputs an operating amount signal.