Abstract: A level meter in a mold for continuous casting has an assembly including a continuous casting mold, an annular multi-phase electromagnetic stirrer surrounding the mold, and a source of radioactivity projecting a beam of radiation through the mold, a detector for the beam being positioned on the opposite side of the mold. To permit the stirrer to have a height providing optimum stirring, two of the coils of the stirrer have portions of reduced height forming spaces opposite to each other and through which the beam can be projecting to the detector. Therefore, the height of the stirrer need not be reduced to provide for the beam and detector arrangement.

Abstract: Electromagnetically stirring a molten metal in a continuously casting mold, wherein a plurality of linear motor type stirrer units each having a square shape each side of which is smaller than the height dimension of the mold are arranged in parallel along the long sides of the mold in such a manner that they are adapted to change the attached posture by 90.degree., so as changing the direction of a stirring flow of the molten steel into a given direction. As a result the surface defect is removed and the quality of the solidification structure is improved, and the application range of the kinds of the steels to be cast can be enlarged.

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus has a plurality of non-magnetic rollers which contact a side of a continuously cast traveling strand. To support each roller against bending, the roller is journaled at its opposite ends and also at least at one interposed position between its ends to define roller lengths between each two of the bearings. Inductive stirrers providing traveling magnetic flux fields extending for the full extent of each length in each instance, are positioned on the outside of such roller length so as to project flux fields without interruption through the roller between its journaled ends and the interposed journaling position. Uniform uninterrupted fields are provided regardless of the strand's width.

Abstract: A method for the continuous production of cast steel strands which are 200 mm.times.200 mm or less in cross-section by a continuous casting process in which molten steel containing 0.20% or less of carbon is fed into a casting mold with a lubricant through a submerged nozzle or in an open stream and continuously drawn out downwardly of the casting mold. The method includes the steps of (a) electromagnetically stirring the molten steel at a position within said casting mold by the application of a magnetic field induced by introducing into an electromagnetic coil an alternating current of a frequency (f) in the range of 1.5 to 15 hertz and maintaining the magnetic flux density (Gaub) in the range of 602e.sup.-0.10f to 2441e.sup.-0.

Abstract: The process and the device according to the invention relate to the continuous casting of hollow bodies made of metals such as aluminum, copper, steels of all types or other metals or alloys. The process involves introducing the liquid metal into an annular space between an external mold and an internal mandrel, the liquid metal being subjected in the vicinity of the mandrel to the action of a moving magnetic field which drives it upward. This field is created by a magnetic rotor housed in the mandrel comprising a rotating part around which is arranged at least one spiral made of magnetized magnetic material made integral with the rotor by at least one collar. The process is applied, in particular, to the production of blanks intended for the manufacture of seamless tubes.

Abstract: An electromagnetic stirrer of linear induction motor type for a continuous casting machine, whose coils are arranged to differ a distance between poles of theeven function components of the travelling wave current distribution with respect to the center thereof from that of the odd function components so that a larger electromagnetic force is generated, thereby eliminating the internal defects, such as macro-segregation or center porosity, and improving quality of the ingot. Also, the electromagnetic stirrer, even when attached to a small-sized mold or a mold of small aspect ratio, demonstrates the sufficient effect.

Abstract: An electromagnetic stirring mold for the manufacture of continuously cast bloom, which includes a copper plate constituting a water-cooling type mold, a backup frame, a mold frame and an electromagnetic stirrer. In this mold, water-cooling passages are defined between the copper plate and the backup frame and between the backup frame and the mold frame, respectively, which are communicated at their upper parts to water supply and discharge passages located in the upper part of the mold frame, whereby a mounting space for the electromagnetic stirrer is sufficiently formed down below the lower part of the mold frame.

Abstract: A method for electromagnetically stirring molten steel in continuous casting wherein in producing cast slabs or blooms, an electromagnetic stirring force is applied to the unsolidified molten steel in the cast slab or bloom being drawn. An electromagnetic stirrer is installed between drawing positions where the unsolidified thickness is 45% and 15%, respectively, of the thickness as viewed in the direction of the thickness of the cast slab or bloom, and stirring in the casting direction is applied to the unsolidified molten steel in such a manner that the product of the magnetic flux density (gauss) at the interface between the unsolidified and solidified portions and the stirring time in minutes (which is defined as the ratio of the stirring effective length (mm) of the electromagnetic stirrer to the casting speed (m/min)) is 1,600 gauss-min or more per m.sup.3 of the total volume (m.sup.

Abstract: A method and a device for electromagnetic stirring in a double casting type continuous steel casting apparatus using a pair of linear motor type electromagnetic stirring units opposing to each other, which are arranged in front and in rear of a plurality of cast steel pieces in such a way as to straddle them. The magnetic poles of these stirring units are caused either to move in the same direction in a reciprocal motion, for example, from the left to the right and vice versa or to circulate in the same direction from one of the opposed unit to the other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a technique or method for stirring molten steel, wherein molten steel charged in a mold for continuous casting is circulated in a smooth flow in order to promote the degassing of the steel as well as to prevent the formation of surface defects on the cast steel. In order to carry out such desirable stirring, the present invention provides for a plurality of electromagnetic stirrers (capable of applying different magnetic field intensities) to be arranged along both long side walls of the casting mold so that the circulating flow of the molten steel can be accelerated or decelerated (depending upon its position) to form a smooth flow.

Abstract: A method for stirring the unsolidified metal in the cast strand in continuous casting uses an asymmetrical multiphase stirring current with asymmetry caused by the phase angle of one phase of the current deviating from the phase angle of another phase of the current. In addition to the asymmetrical stirring, symmetrical stirring can be used at a location adjacent to the asymmetrical stirring so that the benefits of both types of stirring are obtained.

Abstract: In a continuous-casting method molten steel is continuously introduced into a continuous-casting mold to form therein a strand having a free surface in the mold, a pair of relatively wide faces, and a pair of relatively narrow faces. The mold and the steel therein are continuously cooled to externally solidify the molten-steel strand while leaving same internally molten and the externally solid and internally molten strand is continuously withdrawn from the lower end of the mold. The core of the strand solidifies increasingly as it moves from the mold and terminates downstream of the mold at a pool bottom. At each of a plurality of locations spaced apart about 1 m to 2 m longitudinally along the strand between the mold and the pool bottom a respective magnetic field is formed with the fields passing through the strand from between about 3 m to 7 m beneath the free surface to about 2 m to 6 m from the pool bottom.

Abstract: This invention is in a method of manufacturing a composite steel ingot wherein a consumable electrode is inserted into an empty space positioned concentrically with said steel ingot, and electric power is fed to said consumable electrode to effect electroslag remelting under a slag bath and then to solidify the molten metal, while taking out an electric current through a plurality of collecting electrodes which are electrically connected to said steel ingot placed on a surface plate, the improvement in that a flow path of the electric current passing from said consumable electrode to said collecting electrodes is moved in the circumferential direction of said steel ingot during said electroslag remelting.

Abstract: A system for stirring in continuous casting is formed by an inductive stirrer which inductively stirs molten metal in a continuously cast strand and at least one set of two water-cooling pipes positioned in front of the stirrer and having nozzles which eject water cooling-sprays against the strand. The two pipes have ends extending beyond the field and between their ends are electrically isolated from each other and the stirrer. By electrically interconnecting these ends outside of the field, the two pipes form a closed electric loop in which currents induced by the stirrers field cancel so that the net current flow is zero and the stirrer's field is not shielded from the strand.

Abstract: A horizontal continuous casting process wherein at least two electromagnetic stirring devices of a rotary magnetic field type are arranged in series direction whereby electromagnetic stirring force acts on non-solidified molten metal, and the distance between the electromagnetic stirring devices of first and second stages is set to specified relation.

Abstract: An electromagnetic within-mold stirring method and apparatus wherein electromagnetic stirring is imparted to molten steel passing through a mold, under the following conditions where the maximum flux density (in gauss) of a magnetic field induced by an electro-magnetic coil ranges from 1045.e.sup.-0.16f to 2054.e.sup.-0.12f (f: frequency, 1-15 Hz) and the place of the maximum magnetic flux density is within the range of 350 mm from the junction between the pouring nozzle and the mold in the direction of drawing of the cast-piece.

Abstract: A process for casting metals comprising simultaneously applying a stationary magnetic field and a variable magnetic field to the molten metal in the course of solidification. The magnetic fields act in the same direction and generate radial vibrations in the metal, causing the cast metal to have an improved homogeneous structure and surface condition.

Abstract: A mold for continuous casting of a magnetic metal includes a thin copper mold wall, a backup piece formed of a non-magnetic material serving to support the thin copper mold wall, passageways for a cooling medium between the thin copper mold wall and the backup piece, a clamping piece for clamping the backup piece against the thin copper mold wall, and an electromagnetic stirrer coil located between the backup piece and the clamping piece.

Abstract: A continuous steel casting process adapted to produce steel castings of satisfactory quality with less center segregations is described. A molten steel is electromagnetically stirred in at least two of three locations, viz., a casting mold and intermediate and final solidifying zones of a continuously cast strand. In the casting mold, is applied a magnetic field induced by alternate current of a frequency f=1.5.about.10 Hz and having G in the range of 195.times.e.sup.-0.18f .about.1790.times.e.sup.-0.2f at the inner surface of the casting mold. The intermediate solidifying zone employs a magnetic field induced by alternate current of a frequency f=1.5.about.10 Hz and having a magnetic flux density G in the range of 195.times.e.sup.-0.18f .about.1790.times.e.sup.-0.2f at the surface of the strand or a magnetic field induced by alternate current of a frequency f=50.about.60 Hz and having a magnetic flux density G in the range of 0.6.times.10.sup.6 /(D-107).sup.2 .about.1.8.times.10.sup.6 /(D-100).sup.

Abstract: The device includes a chamber for holding a metal in the liquid state having a lower section that communicates with three channels which converge to form a single passage wherein two of the channels include inductor cores around which the channel forms an annular zone to contain the metal. In the presence of alternating currents of variable voltage and phase, the inductors can be energized separately or simultaneously to perform the heating, mixing and transferring operations within the channels.

Abstract: An apparatus for stirring a molten metal in an open topped mould, in for example a continuous casting process, includes means positioned above the mould for producing a magnetic field which rotates about the vertical axis of the mould and penetrates down into the mould. The magnetic field may be produced by a series of electrical conductors which are positioned about the vertical axis of the mould, each of these conductors being connected to a different phase of a multi-phase alternating current supply.

Abstract: An alloy consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.1-0.6% C, up to 2.0% Si, 5.0-15.0% Mn, 5.0-15.0% Cr, 5.0-13.0% Ni, less than 1.0% V, and one or both of up to 1.0% Mo and up to 2.0% Nb, balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities. The alloy has outstanding nonmagnetic property, high hardness and good weldability, and particularly useful for electro-magnetic stirrer rolls in continuous casting machine.

Abstract: An apparatus for stirring a molten metal in an open topped mould, in for example a continuous casting process, includes a series of electrical conductors which are positioned above the top of the mould and about the vertical axis thereof. Each of these conductors are connected to a different phase of a multi-phase alternating current supply, so that the currents flowing in the conductors will create a magnetic field which rotates about the vertical axis of the mould and penetrates down into the mould. Ferromagnetic pole pieces are associated with the conductors to provide a low reluctance flux path, which will reduce leakage of the magnetic field above the conductors and concentrate the field below the conductors where it penetrates down into the mould.

Abstract: For continuous casting with stirring of the molten metal in the mold, DC is passed lengthwise through the molten metal in the mold so as to effect the stirring.

Abstract: An apparatus or process for casting metals by electromagnetically forming molten metal into a desired shape by applying a magnetic field to the molten metal. The magnetic field defines a containment zone for the molten metal. The hydrostatic pressure exerted by the molten metal in the containment zone is sensed and in response thereto the flow of molten metal into the containment zone is controlled. This minimizes changes in the hydrostatic pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus for stirring a molten metal in an open topped mould, in for example a continuous casting process, includes means positioned above the mould for producing a magnetic field which moves linearly and penetrates down into the mould. The magnetic field may be produced by a series of electrical conductors positioned above the mould and arranged parallel to one another, each of these conductors being connected to a different phase of a multiphase alternating current supply. Ferromagnetic pole pieces may be associated with the conductors to provide a low reluctance flux path, which will reduce leakage of the magnetic field above the conductors and concentrate the field below the conductors where it penetrates down into the mould.

Abstract: An electromagnetic inductor for producing a rotating magnetic field for use with an ingot mold for continuous casting of metal and provided with an apparatus for sensing the upper level of liquid metal in the mold. The inductor, of the static polyphase type, comprises an annular magnetic yoke provided with a plurality of radially inwardly projecting poles having each an exciter winding and at least two adjacent poles are spaced further in the circumferential direction of the yoke from each other than the other pole. The yoke may be provided in the region between these two poles with a cutout and beneath the cutout with a portion of increased thickness. The inductor may be used around an ingot mold for the continuous casting of metal provided with a gamma ray emitter and a gamma ray receiver located at opposite sides of the mold for detecting the position of the level of the cast liquid metal.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for forming a semi-solid thixotropic slurry. The apparatus includes a duplex mold arrangement for postponing solidification within the mold until the molten metal is within a magnetic field for providing magnetohydrodynamic stirring. The duplex mold includes a first portion of low thermal conductivity and a second portion of high conductivity.

Abstract: A mold for use in an apparatus and process utilizing an electromagnetic field to stir a molten metal or metal alloy comprises a plurality of laminations of thermally and electrically conductive material separated by electrically insulating material. The electrically insulating material is oriented to minimize at least some of the flow path lengths of currents induced in the mold whereby magnetic induction loses caused by the mold are substantially reduced and the stirring efficiency is enhanced.

Abstract: A means for electromagnetic stirring of steel in a continuous casting operation comprises at least two multi-turn conducting loons. Each turn has a group of winding segments running longitudinally along a mould side, such connected in series to another group of segments running longitudinally along the opposite mould side. Such an arrangement provides a rotating field which produces flux across the mould, transverse to the casting direction.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for continuously and semi-continuously casting molten metals and alloys. Control of the initial stages of solidification is carried out through application of a thermal insulating layer on the coolant side of a casting mold wall. The layer modifies the heat flux characteristics of the mold along a selected length thereof.

Abstract: A continuous casting apparatus in which a multi-plate continuous casting mold is provided with an electromagnetic inductor for imparting rotary motion to the molten metal within the mold. Each plate is provided with a cooling chamber on its side turned away from the molten metal and an inductor is disposed around the mold so that the poles of the inductor approach the cooling chambers and are formed with passages through which threaded bolts can pass to serve as demountable support elements whereby the inductor is affixed to the chambers and by the latter to the mold. The passages run parallel to the planes of the sheets forming the laminated inductor. The withdrawal of the bolts permits separation of the inductor from the cooling chambers and thus separation of the plates so that grinding and removal of shims can compensate for the wear of the cavity-defining surfaces.

Abstract: An alloy comprising, by weight, 0.1-0.6% C, up to 2% Si, 5-15% Mn, 5-15% Cr, 5-13% Ni, 1-3% V, and at least one of up to 1% Mo and up to 2% Nb, the balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities. The alloy has an outstanding non-magnetic property of up to about 1.004 in magnetic permeability and high hardness of above about 215 in Vickers hardness and is useful for electromagnetic stirrer rolls for continuous casting equipment.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for forming a semi-solid thixotropic alloy slurry and preferably a rheocasting therefrom. Molten metal in a mold is cooled under controlled conditions while it is mixed under the influence of a moving magnetic field. A non-zero, magnetic field is provided across the full cross section of the mold and over the entire solidification zone. This results in a magnetomotive stirring force of sufficient magnitude to provide mixing of the molten metal to form the slurry. Preferably, a two pole induction motor stator is used to generate the magnetic field.

Abstract: A translating field inductor for the stirring roller of a continuous slab caster includes a grooved arbor carrying flat magnetic sheets disposed parallel to the axis of the arbor, the latter and the sheets being notched by a series of circumferential grooves spaced over the length of the arbor and housing circular induction coils. In order to concentrate the magnetic flux on the moving slab in the course of the continuous casting, the arbor is stationary and is made of a nonmagnetic metal with good electrical conductivity. It has a longitudinal groove with a wide transverse cross section housing a single packet of sheets, which constitutes the magnetic core of the inductor. The arbor forms a screen for the magnetic flux generated by the induction coils with the entire assembly being such that the magnetic flux is oriented in a fixed, prescribed direction.

Abstract: A hollow blank, preferably of steel, for continuously casting by pouring molten metal into a continuous casting mold, withdrawing a shell containing liquid metal continuously from the lower end of the mold, directing the shell along a curved path, rotating the liquid metal in the mold, rotating the liquid metal in the shell at a location spaced from the mold to form a hollow in the liquid metal, and allowing the metal to solidify against the inside of the metal shell in the region of the hollow, to form a hollow metal blank. The blank thus formed can be straight or curved, and is cut off after the final solidification. An apparatus for forming the blank is disclosed and the blank thus formed has unique good quality surface characterictics free of dendrites.

Abstract: An improved electromagnetic stirring unit is disclosed for use in continuous casting of steel in which the cooling unit which houses the electromagnetic stirring coil (6) comprises a cooling wall (9) for a direct contact with the molten steel (12), the cooling wall having at its inner side a plurality of cooling water passages (10,11) for evenly distributing the cooling water, a chamber (2) for housing the electromagnetic stirring coil disposed such that the upper end of the electromagnetic stirring coil is at the level of the molten steel surface in the casting mould; a water discharge chamber (4); and a water supply chamber (3) a side wall (7) of the coil housing chamber, opposite to the cooling wall, having an opening large enough to permit the electromagnetic stirring coil to pass therethrough; the electromagnetic stirring coil being attached to a readily removable cover (7') for this opening, whereby preventive maintenance of the coil is facilitated, FIG. 2.

Abstract: A process for electromagnetically containing and forming molten material into a desired thin strip shape. At least two inductors are employed which are powered at respectively different frequencies. The frequency of the current applied to the upstream inductor is substantially lower than the frequency applied to the downstream inductor thereby providing improved efficiency and reduced power consumption.

Abstract: An electromagnetic stirrer for use on a continuous steel casting apparatus, the stirrer employing a coil assembly including a pair of exciting cage coils energized by dual-phase alternate current, each having a hollow conductor interiorly defining a cooling water passage and which are folded and arranged in a compact form.

Abstract: In order to support a steel strand fabricated during a continuous strand casting method, and whose liquid core is agitated or stirred with the aid of an electromagnetic stirrer installed near the strand surface, the stirrer together with guide rolls is oscillatingly moved during the casting operation in the lengthwise direction of the cast strand.

Abstract: The invention relates to the application of coolant onto the surface of an electromagnetic D.C. cast ingot or billet where two coolant streams are directed to the solidified or partially solidified metal so that the two streams intersect a short distance away from the metal surface. By controlling the velocity and/or volume of one or both coolant streams, the point of impact on the metal surface can be brought closer to the discharge end of the inductor and thereby increase cooling rates. In this manner the excursions of molten metal which form the icicle-like appendages on EM cast ingot or billet can be effectively eliminated. When the end of the ingot or billet passes the area of coolant impact and the risk of such excursions is slight, the point of coolant impact can be lowered to a more conventional level for the remainder of the cast.

Abstract: An electromagnetic inductor for generating a helically moving magnetic field includes a first magnetic circuit having an annular core with radially inwardly projecting teeth and a winding for generating a rotating magnetic field, and a second magnetic circuit formed by foliated bars and a second winding comprising an axial series of circular coils for generating an axially moving field. The two fields combine to generate a field with helical movement. At least some consecutive teeth of the core are hollowed to provide axial grooves in which the foliated bars are disposed. The coils of the second winding are cylindrical and set inside the cylindrical volume defined by the teeth. The inductor is particularly adapted for the electromagnetic rabbling of a billet in a continuous casting process.

Abstract: An electromagnetic centrifuging inductor structure for creating a rotating magnetic field for rotating molten metal about its casting axis while passing through the casting conduit of a continuous casting type ingot mold includes an annular core body of magnetic material surrounding the casting conduit and which is provided with six poles or teeth on which are respectively mounted six different arcuate coils for energization by a three-phase a.c. source. Two coils are provided for each phase and these are so distributed that two coils of the same phase have different radii, are mounted on two diametrically opposite teeth and are coupled in such manner that their generated magnetic fluxes are additive. The coils are mounted in recesses formed between adjacent teeth and the coils of different phases partially overlap within the same recess.