Abstract: A method of producing a copper-graphite particles composite alloy having good mechanical properties and good wear resistant property, which comprises preparing a metal of copper base alloy containing 0.1 to 10% by weight of Ti, Cr, Zr and/or Mg, dispersing graphite particles in the melt under agitation to form a homogeneous dispersion of the graphite particles, charging the melt in which the graphite particles are dispersed homogeneously into a heat conductive metal mold, and then applying a pressure of 150 kg/cm.sup.2 or above to the surface of the melt until the solidification of the melt is finished.

Abstract: The material to be encapsulated is filled into the lower section of a metal ube above a filter layer resting on a grate, and a block of encapsulation metal is loaded into the same tube resting on a sieve that separates it from the contaminated material below. If the encapsulation metal is aluminum, the air in the tube is first replaced by an inert gas supplied through a riser pipe that connects with the tube below the grate while the air is removed through a pipe in the top cover. The central portion of the tube is then heated to melt the encapsulation metal and a vacuum is applied through the riser pipe to suck the molten metal into the mass of contaminated material, through the grate, and for some distance up the riser pipe. The connecting pipes at the top and bottom of the tube are pinched off to seal the capsule.

Abstract: A carbide laden consumable is produced using a mold having at least one U-shaped groove running along the surface thereof, the consumable being produced by charging a first layer of a powdered self-fluxing alloy into the groove, a second layer of a powdered refractory carbide on said first layer and a third layer of said self-fluxing alloy on the carbide layer, and the charged mold then passed through a heating furnace under a reducing atmosphere to produce by melting and cooling a consumable of markedly improved quality.

Abstract: A method of forming a composite rod having tungsten carbide particles embedded in a matrix comprising the steps of washing the tungsten carbide particles, placing a predetermined quantity of the carbide particles in a graphite mold, heating the mold and the carbide particles to a range of about 300.degree. to 500.degree. F. and pouring a water solution of flux in the mold while maintaining the temperature whereby the water boils off and the flux coats the surfaces of the carbide particles, placing a matrix in the mold and applying a multi-flame heat to the mold and carbide particles while stirring the particles in the mold with a graphite rod to assist in intimate contact and bonding of the melted matrix with the carbide particles to form a composite rod. The composite rod is then boiled in a weak solution of sodium hydroxide, rinsed and polished by buffing with wire bristles.

Abstract: Composites consisting of refractory metallic carbide particles in a local matrix of an alloy having a lower melting point than the carbides are prepared by placing sections of refractory metallic carbide, at least some of which are larger in size than those desired in the final composite, in a mold. Matrixing alloy is heated above the melting temperature of the binder metal employed in the sintered carbide and then poured into the relatively cold mold. The binder metal dissolves at least at the outer surfaces of the sections and diffuses into the alloy which is allowed to naturally cool and solidify. The final composite contains micron size particles of the carbides released from the large sections when the binder melts.

Abstract: A composite material consisting of particles of a sintered metal-ceramic, supported in a metal matrix is produced by packing a mold with sintered particles having a larger average particle size than those desired in the final composite and particles of the matrix metal. A controlled quantity of heat is then applied to the mass to bring the temperature of the matrix metal above its melting temperature and above the degradation temperature of the sintered particles. The surfaces of the sintered particles in contact with the metal are degradated by de-sintering, diffusion and solution into the molten metal reducing the size of the particles. The heat source is removed before the particles have been reduced in size to their final desired size so that the mass cools and upon solidification the particles have reached their desired final particle size. In the final composite the remaining particles are surrounded by zones of an alloy of the matrix metal and the dissolved constituents of the sintered particles.

Abstract: Molding composition particularly suited for molding foundry cores and molds is obtained by mixing the components of a polyurethane resin with aggregate (sand), a silane, and iron oxide, molding the mixture to a desired shape and curing it.

Abstract: To prevent the formation of deposits of lead dross and the like due to oxidation of the molten lead, at least a portion of elements defining the pump chamber, for example the cylinder, and the piston are made as an iron casting which has been subjected to a salt bath nitriding treatment to produce a hard surface layer with excellent resistance against the deposition of lead dross.

Abstract: A composite reinforced with polycrystalline alumina fibers in a matrix of an aluminum alloy containing 0.5-5.5% by weight of the matrix of lithium is prepared by infiltrating alumina fibers with a molten alloy containing aluminum and 1-8% by weight of lithium for a time sufficient to form a reaction sheath on the fibers of a thickness less than about 15% of the total fiber diameter.

Abstract: A method of making aluminum castings having a self-fused high silicon content in the interior matrix near and at the surface. A sand core is coated with a tacky, low-ash, low-volatile adhesive along a predetermined zone. Silicon dust particles are deposited on said adhesive in bonded relation. Molten aluminum is cast into a mold cavity containing the coated core. After mold stripping, the silicon particles are exposed as metallurgically bonded to the aluminum but along an ultra-thin depth. At least some of the exposed silicon particles are machined to expose a planar facet and thereby increase the projected exposure of the silicon particles along the machined plane. The resulting product has a reduced shrinkage characteristic (typical of aluminum alloys having a high proportional precipitated silicon).

Abstract: Composites consisting of sintered tungsten carbide particles in a local matrix of a steel alloy having a carbon, cobalt and tungsten content are prepared by placing particles of tungsten carbide with cobalt binder, at least some of which are larger in size than those desired in the final composite in a mold. Matrixing alloy having little or no tungsten content is heated above its melting temperature and then poured into the relatively cold mold. The carbon, tungsten and cobalt dissolve at the outer surfaces of the particles and diffuse into the alloy which is allowed to naturally cool and solidify.

Abstract: A method is described for forming contacts which find use in vacuum interrupters. The method comprises making melt of a first metal having a high electrical conductivity and adding to the melt a second metal having a melting point in excess of the first metal and solubility in the first metal of less than 1 percent at the temperature to which the first metal is heated, intermixing the components to a uniform consistency casting the components to the desired configuration and thereafter cooling to room temperature.

Abstract: A multi-component metal coating consumable is provided in the form of a rod comprised of two different rod portions coaxially butt joined together in end-to-end relationship, one of said rod portions being a composite consisting essentially of at least 10% by weight of coarse particles of a refractory carbide dispersed through an alloy matrix, the other of said rod portions comprising a compatible alloy matrix structure, such that a welding or brazing rod is provided having two working ends, one to augment the other during the application of a hard and wear resistant coating to a metal substrate.

Abstract: A saw and impact resistant member formed of an elongated metal core having a longitudinal exterior surface and a thin wall metal sheath surrounding said core and in contact with said core surface at a finite number of contact lines with longitudinal spaces being formed between the interior wall of said sheath and the exterior surface of the core. The spaces are filled with a matrix formed of hard carbide particles and a soft binder material. The sheath is closely fitted on the core to exclude both binder and hard particles therebetween except in said longitudinal spaces.

Abstract: A method of forming a high-temperature abrasion-resistant hard facing or coating on a ferrous metal substrate by employing an aluminothermic reduction reaction. The resultant article has a hard facing layer containing from 2 to 8 percent boron. Hard faced composite articles made by the invented method, such as sintering machine crash decks, coke pusher ram shoes and grizzly bars are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for casting rollers having an external cylindrical surface defined by firmly-held carbide particles. As disclosed, a cylindrical mold is revolved about a central horizontal axis and heavy, tungsten-carbide particles are released within the mold to accumulate as a layer on the internal cylindrical surface of the mold. Molten metal of specific characteristics is injected into the mold; being lighter does not displace the particles at the mold surface yet forces and characteristics are such that the metal wets the particles and fills the interstices therebetween to provide an effective matrix upon solidification. Heat treatment overcomes the problem attendant the inherent rapid cooling, after which the metal may be machined.