Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an integrated circuit attached to a chip carrier in a flip chip configuration. A substrate extends to a back surface of the integrated circuit, and an interconnect region extends to a front surface of the integrated circuit. A substrate bond pad is disposed at the front surface, and is electrically coupled through the interconnect region to the semiconductor material. The chip carrier includes a substrate lead at a front surface of the chip carrier. The substrate lead is electrically coupled to the substrate bond pad. An electrically conductive compression sheet is disposed on the back surface of the integrated circuit, with lower compression tips making electrical contact with the semiconductor material in the substrate. The electrically conductive compression sheet is electrically coupled to the substrate lead of the chip carrier by a back surface shunt disposed outside of the integrated circuit.

Abstract: The invention provides, in some aspects, a thermal energy storage and retrieval system with a cavity containing a working fluid and a heat transfer surface disposed in the cavity transverse to a gravity field and in thermal coupling with an ice that is formed from and floating in the working fluid. The heat transfer surface transfers to that ice heat from a heat transfer medium that is thermally coupled to the heat transfer surface. According to aspects of the invention in which the ice is less dense than the working fluid, the heat transfer surface is disposed above (with respect to the gravity field) a region of the cavity where that ice is formed or inlet. According to aspects of the invention in which the ice is more dense than the working fluid, the heat transfer surface is disposed below that region.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a heating and/or cooling system having an energy conversion device included in a refrigerant circuit and having reducing means for reducing and/or removing solidified phase change material from a component of a heat transfer circuit, wherein the reducing means are driven by energy provided from the energy conversion device. The disclosure also relates to a corresponding method for reducing or removing solidified phase change material.

Abstract: A regeneration device for regenerating a coolant dispersion with phase change material includes: a redispersion unit for redispersing the coolant dispersion, the redispersion unit including a restrictor; and a recooling unit that enables freezing of a phase change material by dissipating heat stored in the coolant dispersion. The recooling unit is arranged so that dissipated heat is at least partially recuperated in order to heat up the coolant dispersion to an inlet temperature.

Abstract: A thermal ballast temporarily stores heat generated during a heat generating device's operation thereby extending the device's operating time during an interval of adverse thermal operating condition. The thermal ballast (10) includes: a. a highly thermally conductive layer (42) that is adapted for being thermally coupled to the heat generating device; and b. a high heat capacity layer (44) that is laminated to the high thermal conductivity layer (42). The high heat capacity layer (44) may be formed from a solid piece of a suitably chosen material. Alternatively, the high heat capacity layer (44) may be formed from a piece of a suitably chosen material having a cavity that is filled with a material (46) which changes phase at a temperature below the heat generating device's maximum operating temperature.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a metal tube and a composite polymer fin in thermal contact with the metal tube. The fin is formed of a polymer and a thermally conductive filler such that the fin has a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 0.5 Watts per meter Kelvin.

Abstract: An interface layer includes an electrically conductive compressible mesh that has wires that are interwoven and pores between the wires. A sinter paste is immobilized in the pores. The sinter paste includes electrically conductive particles.

Abstract: A heat storage molded body includes a heat storage medium dispersed in a resin matrix, wherein the resin matrix includes a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin and a non-phthalate plasticizer, and wherein an absorbed amount of the non-phthalate plasticizer per 100 parts by mass of the heat storage medium when the non-phthalate plasticizer is mixed with the heat storage medium as measured in accordance with JIS K5101-13-1 is 150 parts by mass or less.

Abstract: A system provides for a way for cooling an optical fiber. The system includes a coolant and a conduit. The conduit allows the coolant to flow through the conduit. At least part of the fiber passes through the conduit allowing the coolant to flow around the at least part of the fiber. In some configurations, the fiber runs parallel to the conduit. The system can include a pump diode that is part of an optical laser connected to an end of the fiber. The optical laser can further include a high reflector connected to the fiber and a partial reflector connected to the fiber to reflect some light back and forth between the high reflector and the partial reflector.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus is provided to which, even when a heat medium leaks from a heat medium circuit for some reason and air enters the heat medium circuit, the heat medium circuit can be automatically refilled with the heat medium before a pump is heated and damaged. When it is determined that a rotational speed of a pump is higher than an upper rotational speed limit, the controller determines that the heat medium is leaking from the heat medium circuit and performs a heat-medium-introducing and air-purging control process.

Abstract: A low temperature cooling and dehumidification system uses a reverse airflow arrangement to defrost a frosted cooling coil while not interrupting operation. Automatic air dampers are used to reverse the airflow at the proper time to initiate defrost of that section of frosted cooling coil. This system is useful for low temperature cooling and dehumidification in situations where the inlet air is above freezing, however exiting air below freezing can be supplied if desired. It is advantageous for operation if the coolant flow and temperature internal to the cooling coil are regulated to create the conditions for frost formation to begin closer to the air leaving side of the active cooling coil. The dehumidified generated condensate can be collected and used as grey water and/or potable water.

Abstract: A phase change material (PCM) bladder is provided for use in a temperature controlled product shipper. The PCM bladder includes a bladder chamber having a filling port and is configured to receive and hold a flowable phase change material, such as an ice slurry, which can be pumped into the bladder at the point of packaging.

Abstract: A high-temperature thermal storage device has a crucible, an induction heating device, a tubular duct in which a liquid and/or gaseous heat carrier flows, and an electrically conductive storage medium filled into the crucible that fills the crucible at least partially. The induction heating device, when electric energy is applied, heats the storage medium. The tubular duct passes at least partially through the storage medium. The storage medium is a molten metal and the thermal storage device has an operating temperature exceeding 700° C. The thermal storage device readily provides steam, be it saturated steam or superheated steam, fulfilling all parameters required for the operation of a conventional thermal power station.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus using solid-liquid phase change material (solid-liquid PCM) is disclosed. The cooling apparatus includes a pipeline, a housing enclosing the pipeline, and the solid-liquid PCM filling in an interior of the pipeline and a space between the pipeline and the housing. The solid-liquid PCM can contact a heat source and absorb the heat generated by the heat source, so as to transform from solid state to liquid state. The solid-liquid PCM in the liquid state can circulate inside the pipeline and the space between the pipeline and the housing. Thus, the heat is dissipated by the means of thermal convection. Meanwhile, the heat also can be dissipated through the housing. Therefore, the heat dissipation can be achieved by thermal conduction and heat convection simultaneously.

Abstract: Dishwashers having phase change materials are disclosed. An example dishwasher for treating dishes according to a cycle of operation includes a tub defining a treating chamber with an opening, a door movably mounted to the tub to selectively open and close the opening, and a phase change material part of at least one of the tub or the door, wherein the transition temperature of the phase change material is below a maximum temperature of the cycle of operation, and wherein the phase change material releases heat during a drying portion of the cycle.

Abstract: An energy storage method and apparatus for extraction from large thermal storage systems using phase change materials and latent heat exchangers. This includes thermal heat extraction from, and charging of a large thermal storage tank containing thousands of megawatt hours of thermal energy, using the phase change of heat collection fluid and the phase change of molten phase change material for thermal storage use in generating electricity, steam, or for other industrial processes as implemented in the field of solar energy collection, thermal storage and extraction. The method and apparatus continuously removes thermal resistance that comes from the phase change material allowing operation at a high rate of efficiency. A heat exchanger is provided inside the storage tank thereby reducing heat losses, capital costs and space requirements compared to existing thermal storage systems.

Abstract: A heat rejection system includes a plurality of panel subassemblies and a solid state heat pipe flex joint. Each panel subassembly includes a fin, a solid state heat pipe manifold, a first solid state heat pipe tube operatively connected to the solid state heat pipe manifold and secured to the fin, a second solid state heat pipe tube operatively connected to the solid state heat pipe manifold adjacent to the first solid state heat pipe and secured to the fin. The solid state heat pipe flex joint operably connects the solid state heat pipe manifolds of two of the plurality of panel subassemblies in a hermetically sealed configuration, and is configured to permit repositioning of the two panel subassemblies relative to each other.

Abstract: The effectiveness of heat transfer to and from a thermal energy storage medium, for example a phase change medium, is enhanced by the inclusion of thermally-conductive elements within the thermal energy storage medium. The thermally-conductive elements may be filler shapes placed in a self-supporting stacking arrangement, which may be a random stacking arrangement. The effective thermal conductivity of the matrix that includes the thermal energy storage medium and the thermally-conductive elements is higher than the thermal conductivity of the thermal energy storage medium itself. Other thermally-conductive elements may be used, for example thermally-conductive sheets.

Abstract: A thermal/electrical power converter includes a gas turbine with an input couplable to an output of an inert gas thermal power source, a compressor including an output couplable to an input of the inert gas thermal power source, and a generator coupled to the gas turbine. The thermal/electrical power converter also includes a heat exchanger with an input coupled to an output of the gas turbine and an output coupled to an input of the compressor. The heat exchanger includes a series-coupled super-heater heat exchanger, a boiler heat exchanger and a water preheater heat exchanger. The thermal/electrical power converter also includes a reservoir tank and reservoir tank control valves configured to regulate a power output of the thermal/electrical power converter.

Abstract: A heat dissipating assembly, for dissipating heat, having at least one heat producing component and a heat sink having phase change material conductively coupled to the at least one heat producing component.

Abstract: Metallic composite phase-change materials and methods of using are disclosed. In some embodiments, a thermal energy storage module is provide that included one or more phase change alloys having a variable phase transition temperature between about 400° C. and about 1200° C. and having a latent heat of more than about 200 kJ/kg.

Abstract: A novel thermal storage device includes a container of metallic phase change material (MPCM). The MPCM has a high latent heat of fusion and a high thermal conductivity in its solid state. A thermal energy receiver is adapted to receive thermal energy from a thermal energy source and transfer the thermal energy directly to the MPCM, without the need for an intermediate thermal transfer fluid. A thermal energy discharge mechanism transfers thermal energy directly from the MPCM to a device that uses the thermal energy. In a solar energy embodiment, the thermal energy receiver is formed from a material (e.g., polished copper) that has a relatively low absorptivity value and a relatively low emissivity coefficient, which unexpectedly results in the attainment of a highly efficient solar receiver.

Abstract: A fluid heater includes a duct pipe through which a fluid to be heated flows, and a heating part configured to heat the duct pipe. One or more fillers is provided inside the duct pipe. A substrate processing apparatus includes: a supply source configured to supply a liquid of a volatile organic solvent; the aforementioned fluid heater configured to heat the liquid of the organic solvent supplied by the supply source so as to generate a steam of the organic solvent; and a chamber configured to accommodate a substrate W and to dry the substrate W accommodated therein, to which the steam of the organic solvent generated by the fluid heater is supplied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat-transfer device and has an object to provide a heat-transfer device that has a high degree of freedom of aspects in arrangement with respect to the heating element. The heat-transfer device is provided with a contact surface 20e coming into contact with a heating element 100. The heat-transfer device has a pin portion 20 transferring heat from the heating element 100 through the contact surface 20e, and has a gelled latent heat storage material 70 arranged to be in contact with the pin portion 20.

Abstract: Phase change materials that include oleochemical carbonates absorb and release latent heat upon changing phases from solid to liquid (melting) or from liquid to solid (solidifying). The oleochemical carbonates are prepared from oleochemical alcohols derived from animal fats and vegetable oils or other bio-based substances. These oleochemical carbonates have melting temperatures with a relatively high heat of fusion and are non-corrosive. Oleochemical carbonates can be mixed together in various proportions to adjust melting/solidification temperature ranges as required by a particular application.

Abstract: A thermal storage facility stores thermal energy at elevated temperature. The facility includes an enclosure for retaining a thermal storage medium; primary heat transfer surfaces for transferring heat from a circulating heat transfer fluid; and secondary heat transfer surfaces for transferring heat from the thermal storage medium to steam pipes associated with a power generation facility. The thermal storage medium is a metallic phase change material, preferably having a melting temperature above 500° C., interposed between the primary heat transfer surfaces and the secondary heat transfer surfaces. Solar power installations can incorporate one or more of the thermal storage facilities.

Abstract: A phase change type heat dissipating device for dissipating heat from a heat generating component includes a cavity and a working medium positioned in the cavity. The working medium is a kind of electrically insulated phase change material, and represents solid state at normal temperature. The heat generating component is received in the cavity.

Abstract: An energy storage and transfer system and method includes the use of a containment vessel holding a first solid/liquid phase change heat transfer medium and at least one second containment vessel located at least partially within the first phase change heat transfer medium and holding a second solid/liquid phase change medium. The second phase change heat transfer medium is heated from an external source of energy and gives up its absorbed heat to the first phase change heat transfer medium. A heat exchange loop is partially contained within the first phase change heat transfer medium for removing energy therefrom and transferring it to an external source for use. The second phase change heat transfer material has a higher melting temperature and higher heat of fusion value than the first phase change heat transfer material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method, means and packaging system to preserve nutritious values of food included in a food dish. The invention is characterized in that the food ingredients are placed in a tempered storing container forming part of a storing system including a container (A) with a lid part (B), whereby the lid part has a chamber (C) for receiving of a phase exchangeable medium, and which chamber (C) is restricted of an inner covering part (E) which is sealed and attached to the lid part (B) by a joining means (F) at the same time forming a seal between the storing container and lid part, that the phase exchangeable medium is cools/heated during a phase exchange to a solid/liquid state and is placed on the storing container to cool/keeping warm/heating the food.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a method for manufacturing phase change material (PCM) pellets. The method includes providing a melt composition, including paraffin and a polymer. The paraffin has a melt point of between about 10° C. and about 50° C., and more preferably between about 18° C. and about 28° C. In one embodiment, the melt composition includes various additives, such as a flame retardant. The method further includes forming the melt composition into PCM pellets. The method further may include the step of cooling the melt to increase the melt viscosity before pelletizing. Further, PCM compounds are provided having an organic PCM and a polymer. Methods are provided to convert the PCM compounds into various form-stable PCMs. A method of coating the PCMs is included to provide PCMs with substantially no paraffin seepage and with ignition resistance properties.

Abstract: An energy-saving and heat preservation device is mainly a heat preservation device for heating device and receptacle. Upper and lower receiving slots opened to outside and opposite to upper and lower ends of a receptacle respectively are provided in the heating device, while a first and a second chambers opposite to each other are provided in the heat preservation device. Energy storage material, which is a reversible phase-change material, is received within the first chamber. A conduit is connected between the first and the second chambers to form an integral connection arrangement. Hence, waste heat generated in the heating process is collected and stored, and is used for heat preservation. Not only the exhausted waste heat, which later becomes heat load of air conditioning apparatus, can be reduced but also power consumption for heat preservation can be lowered.

Abstract: A heat transfer device is described. In one or more implementations, a heat transfer device includes a heat sink and a thermal storage enclosure disposed proximal to at least a portion of the heat sink. The thermal storage enclosure configured to be disposed proximal to a heat-generating component of a device. The thermal storage enclosure includes a phase change material configured to have a melting temperature that is below a temperature at which a cooling fan of the device is set to operate to cool the heat-generating device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of cooling a metal strip traveling through a cooling section in a continuous heat treatment line. In accordance with the invention, the method consists in projecting a refrigerant medium into the cooling section (4) onto the surface of the strip (1) to be cooled, the medium being constituted for the most part by a phase-change substance that passes into the gaseous phase at a temperature that is lower than the temperature of the strip (1) and without oxidizing said strip so that energy is exchanged within an endothermic process by a change in the phase of said phase-change substance.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus relating to the use of phase change material to store, transfer and convert heat, such as from solar radiation, to mechanical work or electricity. Apparatus, systems, components, and methods relating to thermal energy transfer and energy conversion are described herein. In one aspect, the invention relates to a containment vessel having a heat receiving region and a heat transfer region such that a plurality of phase change materials are disposed therein and a sequence of solid, liquid and vapor phases are used to transfer heat from a source to a heat receiver of a power conversion unit.

Abstract: A system for recycling energy from ice remnants. The system includes a container. The container includes a receptacle configured to receive ice remnants. An ice capturing and melting device below the receptacle is configured to capture and melt ice in the ice remnants while allowing fluid in the ice remnants to pass therethrough thereby forming a cooled recycled liquid at a bottom of the container. A discharge port located proximate the bottom of the container is configured to direct the cooled recycled liquid to at least one heat source of a facility and cool the heat source.

Abstract: A combined cycle power plant includes a gas turbomachine system including a compressor and a gas turbine that extracts work from gases at a first temperature. The combined cycle power plant also includes a steam turbomachine system including at least one steam turbine that extracts work from gases at a second temperature. The combined cycle power plant further includes a heat recovery steam generator having a main housing fluidly connected to the gas turbine. The heat recovery steam generator includes a plurality of heat pipes that extend within the main housing in fluid communication with the gases at the first temperature. The plurality of heat pipes are also in fluid communication with the gases at the second temperature. The plurality of heat pipes absorb heat from the gases at the first temperature and pass the heat into the gases at the second temperature to form gases at a third temperature.

Abstract: Phase change materials that include oleochemical carbonates absorb and release latent heat upon changing phases from solid to liquid (melting) or from liquid to solid (solidifying). The oleochemical carbonates are prepared from oleochemical alcohols derived from animal fats and vegetable oils or other bio-based substances. These oleochemical carbonates have melting temperatures with a relatively high heat of fusion and are non-corrosive. Oleochemical carbonates can be mixed together in various proportions to adjust melting/solidification temperature ranges as required by a particular application.

Abstract: A self-heating fluid connector comprising a housing in which is provided exothermic phase change material and one or more fluid channels extending from one end of the housing to the other, in thermal communication with the exothermic phase change material, whereby fluid passing through the fluid conduits is heated by the exothermic phase change material. The self-heating connector is particularly suited for use with a fluid container and a fluid delivery port such as a baby's bottle and feeding teat.

Abstract: An enhanced heat transfer between stored thermal energy and a heat recipient via a capillary pumped loop. The devices, systems and methods employ a thermal energy storage material having a solid to liquid phase transition at a temperature and a structure having a plurality of capillaries.

Abstract: An energy transfer system for absorbing, temporarily storing and releasing energy is disclosed. The described energy transfer system comprises (a) a first container containing a Phase Change Material, (b) a heat generation element, which is connectable to an external energy source and which is capable of charging the Phase Change Material with thermal energy, wherein energy provided by the external energy source is used, and a heat extraction element, which is connectable to an external heat engine and which is capable of extracting thermal energy from the Phase Change Material, wherein the external heat engine is capable of converting the extracted thermal energy into electric energy. It is further described an energy transfer arrangement comprising two of such energy transfer systems, and a method for absorbing, temporarily storing and releasing energy.

Abstract: A method is provided, the method including providing a first tubular structure that defines a first passage. A sacrificial material can be disposed in the first passage. A second tubular structure can be provided so as to be adjacent to the first tubular structure, with the second tubular structure defining a second passage within which can be disposed a granular material. The first and second tubular structures can be deformed together so as to reduce an external dimension of each of the first and second tubular structures. The sacrificial material can then be removed from the first passage.

Abstract: A PCM heat insulation blanket (10) is positioned in a wall structure of a building for modulating the transfer of heat to and from the controlled internal temperature of the building structure. The PCM heat insulation blanket includes an array of pods (12) with one group of pods 12A containing a first PCM and a second group of pods containing a second PCM 12B having a different phase change temperature than the first group of pods. The pods with different PCMs are substantially uniformly intermixed among each other. The pods are formed of laminated sheets, each of which may include a metal foil that is vapor impermeable and tends to maintain the PCMs in the blanket at approximately the same temperature, and which also functions to reflect radiant heat away from the temperature controlled internal space of the building structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing latent heat storage material from linear alcohols by dehydrating to dialkyl ethers or to olefins, and hydrating to paraffins and dialkyl ether as a latent heat storage material.

Abstract: An integrated circuit dual-fluid heat exchanger has a housing containing first and second immiscible fluids. A heat-introducing base element contacts the first fluid. A heat-receiving surface on the base element is configured for interfacial contact with a heat-radiating surface of an integrated circuit device. A heat-removing condenser element contacts the second fluid, or is separated therefrom by a gap. The first and second fluids are selected to controllably remove heat from the integrated circuit device by forming heated mass units of the first fluid that migrate through the second fluid and come into contact with the condenser element, where they are cooled and allowed to return to the base element. A heat-expulsion portion on the condenser element is configured to dissipate heat removed by the condenser element to an exterior environment outside the heat exchanger.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a phase change material, a plurality of particles intermixed with the phase change material, and a conductive structure encapsulating the phase change material. The conductive structure includes a cavity including a cone shape. In one embodiment, a method includes forming a conductive structure having a cavity, injecting a phase change material into the cavity, injecting a plurality of spheres into the cavity, and sealing the cavity.

Abstract: A two-phase heat transfer system includes an evaporator unit configured to receive heat from a source, a liquid line fluidly connected to the evaporator unit, a vapor line fluidly connected to the evaporator unit, and a condenser. The evaporation unit includes a thermal capacitance device and an evaporator integrated with the thermal capacitance device.

Abstract: A cooling lapdesk comprises an interior cushion layer including a rear, a front, a left side and a right side, the rear being thicker than the front, the left and right sides having equal thickness at a given proximity to the front or rear, the interior layer elastic throughout its length and width. The cooling lapdesk also has a hollow exterior cover layer tightly surrounding and urged to be in contact with the interior layer on all sides of the interior layer, the exterior layer including a cooling top section integrally formed with the exterior layer, the cooling top section having a coolant such as granules of sodium sulfate decahydrate embedded therein, the granules capable of absorbing heat striking the cooling top section. The granules may be housed in compartments on the top surface of the top section of the exterior layer that are elevated.

Abstract: In a chemical heat pump using a hybrid substance (2) and a volatile liquid, layers (3) of a matrix material are provided for binding or containing the substance and/or the condensed volatile liquid. These matrix layers are placed sot that transport of heat to or from an external medium at at least the free surfaces of the matrix layers is obtained and preferably also at their opposite surfaces. Therefor, pipe conduits (9) are provided, in which the external medium flows and which are placed at the surfaces of the matrix layers, such as both beneath supporting plates (4) and directly on top of the matrix layers. By using pipe conduits at the free surfaces of the matrix layers, i.e. the surfaces which are not located at the supporting plates, it is achieved that the free surfaces of the matrix layers still are permeable to the vapour of the volatile liquid in both the evaporation stage and the condensing stage.

Abstract: A heat sink is configured to cool at least one hot spot of an integrated circuit. The heat sink has a first pipe and a second pipe disposed interior to and concentric with the first pipe, where at least a portion of each of the first pipe and the second pipe is arranged to be disposed vertically over the hot spot. An assembly connected to the first pipe and the second pipe is arranged to generate a magnetic field and induce electrical current flow through the magnetic field. A flow of thermally and electrically conductive fluid in the first pipe and a flow of the fluid in the second pipe are dependent on the electrical current flow and the magnetic field.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of cooling a metal strip traveling through a cooling section in a continuous heat treatment line. In accordance with the invention, the method consists in projecting a refrigerant medium into the cooling section (4) onto the surface of the strip (1) to be cooled, the medium being constituted for the most part by a phase-change substance that passes into the gaseous phase at a temperature that is lower than the temperature of the strip (1) and without oxidizing said strip so that energy is exchanged within an endothermic process by a change in the phase of said phase-change substance.