Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for transferring heat using a variable composition organic heat transfer fluid that remains liquid over a wide operating temperature range useful for solar heating applications. Variable composition heat transfer fluids of the present invention comprise a miscible mixture, optionally a completely miscible mixture, of a high boiling point component selected for its beneficial high temperature physical properties, and a low freezing point component selected for its beneficial low temperature physical properties. In some embodiments, the low freezing point component is removed from the heat transfer fluid as the heat transfer fluid is heated, for example by being removed in the vapor phase, thereby selectively varying the composition and physical properties (e.g., vapor pressure, boiling point, etc.) of the heat transfer fluid as a function of temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air cooled condenser system that contains a steam-air heat exchanger (3) consisting of tubes (2) finned on the outside for the partial direct condensing of steam (1) with ambient air (4). This heat exchanger (3) receives the steam (1) from an upper distribution chamber (24) and ends in a lower chamber (25) which collects the condensate (8) and the steam (27) that has not yet condensed. The steam (22) not yet condensed in the steam-air heat exchanger (3) is condensed, in the steam-air section of the air cooled condenser, in a space operating as a direct contact condenser (9) by spraying water from the water-air cooling section (7) of the air cooled condenser, where the non-condensing gases are removed as well. The water (13) heated up in the direct contact condenser (9) is re-cooled in a water-air heat exchanger (7).

Abstract: A lithographic device includes a cooling device for removing heat from a motor. The cooling device has a cooling element provided in thermal contact with at least part of the motor. The cooling device further has a cooling duct assembly with a supply duct to supply a cooling fluid to the cooling element, and a discharge duct to discharge the cooling fluid from the cooling element. A pump causes the cooling fluid to flow through at least part of the cooling duct assembly. A flow control device controls a flow rate of the cooling fluid through at least part of the cooling duct assembly, to maintain a predetermined average temperature of the cooling fluid in the cooling element.

Abstract: The arrangement (1) comprises distributor pipes (6) that are supported by horizontal bars (3) and have downwardly directed spray nozzles (16) and mist collectors (8). The bars (3) are provided with bearing points (5) that are open toward the top and extend across the entire lengths thereof for the integration of the distributor pipes (6). Two consecutive bearing points (5) each in the longitudinal direction of the bars (3) are separated from each other by means of a support (7) for the mist collectors (8). Beneath the bars (3), multi-layer dripping installations (13) are provided, against which cooling air blows.

Abstract: Disclosed is a corrosion inhibitor for use in heat transfer fluids having a conductivity of less than 200 ?S/cm, the corrosion inhibitor having an azole compound, and at least one of a siloxane based surfactant, colloidal silica, or a mixture thereof. Also disclosed is a corrosion inhibiting heat transfer fluid, the heat transfer fluid having a conductivity of no more than or equal to 200 ?S/cm and comprising the disclosed corrosion inhibitor. Also provided is an assembly comprising an alternative power source and a heat transfer system in thermal communication with the alternative power source, the heat transfer system comprising the disclosed corrosion inhibiting heat transfer fluid. In addition, a method of making a corrosion inhibiting heat transfer fluid is disclosed wherein the disclosed corrosion inhibitor is added to heat transfer fluid having a conductivity of less than 200 ?S/cm.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for providing aqueous stream purification services. The system includes at least one separation unit. Each separation unit may include a mechanical vapor recompression separator, a steam stripper, and a secondary recovery heat exchanger. The system for wastewater purification may receive water from a waste water storage, purify the water, and return the purified water to a purified water storage. The system may include a controller. The controller may include an operating conditions module configured to interpret at least one operating condition.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an heat transfer device that includes a shell; the shell being an enclosure that prevents matter from within the shell from being exchanged with matter outside the shell; the shell having an outer surface and an inner surface; and a particle layer disposed on the inner surface of the shell; the particle layer having a thickness effective to enclose a region for transferring a fluid between opposing faces; the particle layer including a first layer and a second layer; the second layer being disposed upon the first layer; the first layer having average particle sizes of about 10 to about 10,000,000 nanometers; the second layer having average particle sizes of about 10 to about 10,000 nanometers.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for purifying a waste fluid stream. The system includes a recirculation pump having an inlet for a recirculation stream and an outlet to expel a pressurized stream. The system includes a compressor having an inlet for an evaporation stream and an outlet for a pressurized evaporation stream. A primary heat exchanger has inlets for the pressurized stream and the pressurized evaporation stream, an internal surface area for heat transfer from the evaporation stream to the pressurized stream, and outlets for a cooled product stream and a heated pressurized stream. The heated pressurized stream is formed by heating the pressurized stream and the cooled product stream is formed by cooling the evaporation stream. The system includes an evaporation unit having an inlet for the heated pressurized stream and outlets for an evaporation stream and the recycled liquid bottoms stream.

Abstract: A cooling tower system, including a principal cooling tower; an auxiliary cooling tower for receiving a portion of the warm water flow into the main tower; a central shaft mounted vertically in the auxiliary tower; a turbine mounted on a portion of the shaft; a cooling blade mounted on the upper end of the shaft; a water jetting system delivering warm water under pressure from the main cooling tower into the auxiliary cooling tower to impart rotation to the turbine blades for imparting rotation to the cooling blade; a quantity of high efficiency film fill in that portion of the tower below the turbine for receiving the water coming off of the turbine blades; air flow produced by rotation of the cooling blade upward through the fill in order to cool the water before it is returned to the main cooling tower.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plate-type heat exchanger for drying a gaseous medium, especially air, comprising a stack of plates which are interconnected to define flow spaces between the plates, a gas-gas heat exchanger being formed in one portion of the stack, with a moist inlet gas stream flowing away from an inlet gas connection and a dried outlet gas stream flowing towards an outlet gas connection, both flowing next to each other through separate flow spaces to exchange thermal energy, and a gas-coolant heat exchanger being formed in another portion of the stack, with a coolant and the moist inlet gas stream flowing next to each other through further separate flow spaces for cooling purposes, and a flow connection being formed between an outlet of the gas-coolant heat exchanger and the gas-gas heat exchanger, in-cluding an overflow member to guide the dried outlet gas stream through the overflow member from the gas-coolant heat exchanger to the gas-gas heat exchanger The overflow member is formed of a stac

Abstract: An infrared furnace system provides for adjusting the amount of time a workpiece spends in a respective section of the furnace while at the same time minimizing the footprint, i.e., the amount of floor space that the furnace uses. Various embodiments allow for optimizing the required thermal duration of each section which then also optimizes the heating and/or cooling profile within each section. Transfer conveyors are provided to transfer a workpiece from one conveyor operating at a first speed to a second conveyor operating at a second speed, different from the first speed in order to prevent damage to the workpiece. Rollers are provided to support the workpiece and to maintain a proper orientation. A heating lamp support assembly provides power to the lamp and facilitates exchange and replacement of the lamp. An air delivery system provides process gas maintained at the correct temperature. An exhaust system provides air flow with improved turnover and reduced noise considerations.

Abstract: A temperature regulator having a heat exchange unit and a power supply and control unit and providing a heat-exchange apparatus, which can be installed in a minimal space and yet is very easy to handle. The temperature regulator includes a heat exchange unit which has a tank, a pump and a heat exchanger, and circulates a liquid to exchange heat with circulating liquid, and a power supply and control unit which has a power supply and control device, and controls temperature of the circulating liquid. The heat exchange unit and the power supply and control unit are arranged in an interior of a main frame.

Abstract: A method for cooling power electronic devices such as IGBT's. The method comprises placing the IGBT board in a containment structure and flooding the containment with circulating liquid refrigerant. The liquid refrigerant is boiled within the containment and the resulting gas is then removed for continued circulation within a heat engine. The phase change of the refrigerant provides excellent cooling properties. In addition, the ability to place the cooling medium directly over the IGBT's themselves represents a significant advantage.

Abstract: A system (1) for recirculation of air in a component of a wind turbine, such as a converter cabinet (2), a nacelle, a generator, etc. The system (1) comprises a housing (5) enclosing the system (1), a fan (4) arranged inside the housing (5) for recirculating the air, an opening (6) arranged in a wall part of the housing (5) and having a filter (7) arranged across it, and means for drawing air from outside the housing (5) to inside the housing (5) via the opening (6) and the filter (7). The air may be drawn through the opening (6) due to a low pressure created when the fan (4) draws air through a heat exchanger (3) arranged in the system (1). Drawing air through the opening (6) creates an overpressure inside the housing (5), and thereby air from outside is prevented from entering the system (1) via possible holes or crevices in the housing (5). Since air entering the system (1) flows via the filter (7), dirt and impurities are therefore prevented from entering the system. Thereby the wind turbine is protected.

Abstract: Described is an air conditioning system optimizer for optimizing operation of a compressor of the air conditioning system. The optimizer modifies a temperature and pressure of refrigeration fluid or gas operating for cooling purposes in the compressor and condenser coil within a compressor housing using enhanced water cooling by and with an exhaust air flow generated by a compressor housing fan.

Abstract: A system is provided and includes a first condenser configured to fluidly receive a first steam supply and tower water and to output a first water supply, a second condenser configured to fluidly receive a first portion of a second steam supply and the first water supply and to output a second water supply, and a vapor-absorption-machine (VAM) configured to fluidly receive a second portion of the second steam supply and the second water supply by which a refrigeration cycle is conducted to thereby cool at least one of the tower water and a third water supply used to cool the tower water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal working or forming machine and a spinning/flow forming method. A main spindle is provided and can be driven in rotary manner about a vertically directed rotation axis. Furthermore, a tailstock spindle can be driven in rotary manner about a rotation axis and is coaxial to the main spindle. A machine lower bed and a machine upper bed are interconnected by means of vertically directed machine columns. At least one working roll is radially infeedably guided. According to the invention at least three machine columns are arranged distributed around the rotation axis, which define a working area and form three lateral passage or transit areas. At the first passage area is provided a supply device and at the second passage area a removal device. At the third passage area is provided a machining unit, which is readily detachable and removable for forming an access to the working area.

Abstract: Process to cool hot gas by passing the hot gas through a tube having a main tubular part and an upstream tubular part, wherein (i) the exterior of main tubular part is cooled by an evaporating liquid cooling medium flowing freely around said tube, (ii) the upstream tubular part is cooled by passing fresh liquid cooling medium and a defined part of the liquid cooling medium of activity (i) along the exterior of the upstream end of the tube and (iii) wherein the mixture of fresh cooling medium and the defined part of the liquid medium after being used to cool the upstream tubular part is used in activity (i) as cooling medium.

Abstract: A water-cooled air conditioning system using a regenerative condenser water circuit to reheat the supply air during a dehumidification mode. The air conditioning system may be any type of water-cooled system, including a water source heat pump or water-cooled air conditioner. The reheat circuit circulates water leaving the condenser through the reheat heat exchanger and then returns the water to the condenser inlet. Thus, the reheat circuit ensures that water leaving the condenser is warm enough to provide sufficient reheating for the supply air, regardless of the water source temperature. In addition, a modulation assembly controls the amount of water flowing through the reheat circuit, and thereby its temperature, so that the temperature of the reheated supply air can be maintained within a narrow range.

Abstract: Provided is a system and method of circulating a cooling fluid in a cooling system. For example, provided is a system, comprising a modular unit configured to mount into a computer drive bay, comprising a pump and a reservoir, configured to gravity feed a fluid to the pump, wherein the reservoir is positioned at least partially directly above the pump.

Abstract: A heating and cooling system operates in a supplemental heating mode or a supplemental cooling mode. In supplemental heating mode, the system carries water from a hot water supply of the water heater to a heat exchanger within an air passage in the furnace to heat the building. In the supplemental cooling mode, the system carries cool water from a cool water storage tank to the heat exchanger within the furnace to assist in cooling the building.

Abstract: Disclosed is a boiler which is easily convertible from a normal type oil boiler to a condensing type oil boiler or vice versa thereby reducing manufacturing costs for the boiler. A size and a weight of the boiler are reduced by vertically installing a latent heat exchanger in an outer housing of the boiler together with a combustion chamber and a main heat exchanger. The boiler includes a combustion chamber, a heat exchange section, and an outer housing. Coupling holes are formed in the outer housing, a circulation chamber is formed at a lower portion of the outer housing, a burner is provided at an upper portion of the combustion chamber so as to generate heat in a downward direction thereof, the combustion chamber is vertically installed in one of the coupling holes, and a lower portion of the combustion chamber is communicated with the circulation chamber. The heat exchange section includes first and second heat exchangers and is vertically installed in the outer housing adjacent to the combustion chamber.

Abstract: An exhaust heat recovery apparatus includes an evaporation unit, a condensation unit, an evaporation-side communication part and a condensation-side communication part. The evaporation unit is disposed in a duct member through which an exhaust gas generated from an engine flows, and evaporates an operation fluid by heat of the exhaust gas. The condensation unit is disposed in a coolant passage through which a coolant flows, and condenses the operation fluid by radiating the heat to the coolant. The evaporation-side communication part connects the evaporation unit and the condensation unit for introducing evaporated operation fluid to the condensation unit. The condensation-side communication part connects the condensation unit and the evaporation unit for introducing condensed operation fluid to the evaporation unit. The condensation-side communication part is in contact with an outer surface of the duct member at least at a part.

Abstract: According to one embodiment of the invention, a cooling system for a heat-generating structure comprises a chamber and structure disposed within the chamber. The chamber has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet receives fluid coolant into the chamber substantially in the form of a liquid. The outlet dispenses the fluid coolant out of the chamber at least partially in the form of a vapor. The structure disposed within the chamber receive thermal energy from the heat generating structure and transfers at least a portion of the thermal energy to the fluid coolant. The thermal energy from the heat-generating structure causes at least a portion of the fluid coolant substantially in the form of a liquid to boil and effuse vapor upon contact with a portion of the structure. The effusion of vapor creates a self-induced flow in the chamber. The self-induced flow distributes non-vaporized fluid coolant substantially in the form of a liquid to other portions of the structure.

Abstract: Simple, compact, lightweight thermal management system offering reduced inventory of heat transfer fluid. The invention provides heat transfer fluid at a very high flow rate to a heat exchanger. A portion of the heat transfer fluid flow downstream of the heat exchanger is separated and pumped by a fluid-dynamic pump back into the heat exchanger. The fluid dynamic pump is operated by a fresh heat transfer fluid supplied at high-pressure. Because a substantial portion of the flow leaving the heat exchanger is recirculated back to the inlet, the amount of fresh heat transfer fluid consumed is substantially reduced compared to a traditional system. Uses of the invention include cooling of devices at very high heat flux including photovoltaic cells, solar panels, semiconductor laser diodes, semiconductor electronics, and laser gain medium. Other uses of the invention include systems, for refrigeration, air conditioning, and gas liquefaction.

Abstract: A method for controlling the temperature of an exothermic reaction with simultaneous production of steam is based on the use of heat exchangers (5a) crossed by a recirculation liquid along an inner path extended between the inlet opening for the recirculation liquid and an outlet opening (5f), the recirculation liquid coming from a steam drum (10) for the separation of the produced steam and being fed to said inlet opening along a path external to the heat exchangers, the produced steam being integrated in the form of an additional liquid flow which is mixed at least in part with the recirculation liquid flowing along the external path.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a system for cooling residential spaces, such as a garage. The preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a steel security door modified with evaporative media to cool incoming air, a water supply and re-circulating subsystem and a large fan to move fresh air through the cool door, into one or more residential spaces, such as a garage and/or an attic.

Abstract: The evaporative cooling system comprises: evaporative cooling modules, a liquid supply system which comprises a liquid supply pump and a tube, and which supplies a refrigerant liquid to the evaporative cooling modules; an air supply system which comprises air supply tubes, and which supplies warm air to the evaporative cooling modules; an exhaust system which comprises an exhaust pump and a tube, and which exhausts air containing a refrigerant vapor from the evaporative cooling modules; a reflux system which comprises a primary heat exchanger and a reflux tube, and which condenses the refrigerant vapor to return the condensed refrigerant liquid to the liquid supply system; and a heat exhaust system which comprises a secondary heat exchanger and tubes, and which discharges heat absorbed from the primary heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanger apparatus enables the temperature of a liquid located external to the apparatus in a recirculation loop to be controlled by heat transfer within the apparatus. A manifold fitting is also provided for distributing fluid from multiple conduits to a single conduit.

Abstract: A pump-free water-cooling system is provided wherein external power supply is not involved; heat can be transported in any direction; and high reliability and low thermal resistance are ensured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a combined cooling/climate control system for motor vehicles for cooling the motor vehicle's electrical and/or electronic components and air conditioning of a passenger compartment of the vehicle, comprising: a main ventilation duct (13); a fan (15) for drawing in air disposed in the main ventilation duct; a heating unit (16) downstream of the fan (15) for selective warming of air, which is to be supplied to the passenger compartment; and for cooling the electrical and/or electronic components with air drawn in by the fan (15), an air supply pipe (20) downstream of the fan (15) and upstream of the heating unit (16) connected to the main ventilation duct (13) and an air discharge pipe (22) upstream of the fan (15) connected to the main ventilation duct (13).

Abstract: A system for processing supercritical and subcritical fluid capable of bringing the inside of at least one processing container (1) formed in a flow passage into a supercritical or subcritical high pressure field, wherein thermal operation is applied to process fluid to apply thermal expansion to the fluid to produce a pressure difference between the processing container (1) and the outside, whereby a specified temperature and the high pressure field suitable for the processing of the supercritical or subcritical fluid can be provided in the processing container (1).

Abstract: A plurality of fluid treatment devices are disclosed to treat a recirculating fluid of a closed loop heat exchange system. A fluid treatment device may include a sacrificial metallic substance. A fluid treatment device may include a filtering member. A fluid treatment device may include an electronic treatment device.

Abstract: A reactor including a bundle of catalyst tubes through which a reaction mixture is passed, and wherein a heat exchange medium is passed through a space surrounding the catalyst tubes and including ring lines at both reactor ends with jacket orifices for feeding in and removing the heat exchange medium by at least one pump. The heat exchange medium is fed to the upper ring line and is sucked in via the lower ring line by the at least one pump having at least one vertical pump shaft mounted and operated at its upper end. The at least one pump includes a diagonal rotor and a restrictor gap in the longitudinal direction of the at least one pump shaft, within the heat exchange medium, on the pressure side of the at least one pump for sealing and mounting the at least one pump shaft and reducing axial shear of the diagonal rotor.

Abstract: A propulsion device contains a working mass within an enclosed plenum, where the working mass is circulated through the plenum to produce a net force vector. The working mass is accelerated around a first bend or change in direction within the plenum by a working mass driver. The temperature of the working mass is then reduced and the working mass is slowed. The working mass is then accelerated around a second bend or change in direction within the plenum resulting in two opposing force vectors. When combined, the two opposing force vectors produce a net force, and thus, acceleration of the propulsion device.

Abstract: A tank is provided which can store, while cooling, drinks or other liquids, such as milk, having a storage temperature close to 0.degree. C. or below. A cooling tank (1) can be mounted on a truck or the like for transportation, while storing and cooling milk. It is characterized in that brine (antifreeze solution) which has a freezing point below 0.degree. C. is cooled in a cooling unit (34) and allowed to pass, without stagnation, along fluid passages in flow guide members (14, 18) installed on the wall surface of the tank body (10). The cooling unit (34) preferably has an evaporator in a heat pump type refrigerator (30) for example, which uses a refrigerant for cooling the brine. Since the brine with a freezing point below 0.degree. C. is used, a large-sized water tank for cooling becomes unnecessary, and further since the brine will flow without stagnation, the liquid inside the tank body can be effectively cooled.

Abstract: A multiple pass, parallel tube heat exchanger with a collection header extending along the length of each of a first and second pass, is provided with a bypass tube which fluidly interconnects the downstream end of the collection header to a midpoint thereof, near the end of the first pass tubes and the beginning of the second pass tubes so as to enhance the flow distribution of two-phase refrigerant from the collection header to the second pass tubes. The distribution flow is further enhanced by the insertion of an eductor nozzle within the collection header, and with the inlet of the eductor nozzle being supplied by refrigerant flow from the condenser to thereby provide a motive flow of two-phase refrigerant in the loop which includes the latter half of the collection header and the bypass tubes.

Abstract: A method for removing heat from a heat generating component using a low profile extrusion with a plurality of micro tubes extended there through. The low profile extrusion is placed into thermal connection with heat producing components. A heat transfer fluid removes heat via an adiabatic process.

Abstract: A temperature adjustment apparatus that can reduce the amount of evaporation of a medium without using a closed type container. A temperature adjustment apparatus 24 is composed of a container 26 that contains PFC 42 for heat exchange, a circulation path 28 of the PFC 42 that passes through an electrode 20 of a plasma processing apparatus 10, and a pump 30. A liquid layer 40 that separates from the PFC 42 is formed in an upper layer of the PFC 42 that is contained in the container 26. As a result, the PFC 42 does not directly contact the atmosphere and therefore the amount of evaporation of the PFC 42 into the atmosphere is substantially reduced.

Abstract: The heat exchange system is used for heating a first fluid with a second fluid, and includes a first fluid circuit comprising an upstream end, a downstream end and an intermediate portion therebetween and a second fluid circuit comprising an upstream end, a downstream end and an intermediate portion therebetween. The heat exchange system also includes a flooded heat exchanger unit wherein the intermediate portions of the first and second fluid circuits extend and are in adjacent, thermally-conductive contact for allowing heat transfer from the second fluid to the first fluid. The flooded heat exchanger is capable of being flooded in a determined proportion within the second fluid circuit intermediate portion.

Abstract: A tank is provided which can store, while cooling, drinks or other liquids, such as milk, having a storage temperature close to 0.degree. C. or below.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature in a climate chamber (21), in which a flow of air is guided through the climate chamber (21), the temperature of which air flow is controlled with the aid of a heat exchanger, and the air flow is brought to the desired temperature with the aid of a first heat exchanger prior to or during the introduction of the air flow into the climate chamber, and in which method the air flow in the climate chamber (21) is forced past a second heat exchanger, during which process any heating or cooling of the air flow is negated. The invention also relates to a device for carrying out the above method.

Abstract: A method of making an oxygen-rich and stabilized oxidizing agent in a liquid, preferably water, involves exposure of aerated liquid to repeated bursts of ringing magnetic flux having a primary frequency of 10 kHz to 80 kHz, with the bursts repeated at a frequency of 1 Hz to 100 Hz, and with the water being kept basic at a pH level between pH 7 to pH 10. The oxidizing agent is believed to be a relatively stable complex of hydrogen peroxide, and has a significant anti-microbial effect on microorganisms, including biofilms, in the water achieved by oxidation of the oxidizing agent with chemical components of the microorganisms.

Abstract: A heat exchange cooling system for cooling an object of heat exchange such as machinery, air, or liquid is provided. The system includes a heat exchanger, a cooling water supply device, cooling water circulation piping, a flow rate adjustment valve, a cooling water supply system, and a controller for controlling the flow rate of cooling water. The system includes separate loops for the circulation piping and the cooling supply system. The separate loops are coupled to one another at an inlet and an outlet of the system.

Abstract: The distillation plant comprises a column (1) and a heat pump (4, 5) which operates between a sump vaporizer (3) and an exhaust vapor compressor (2) of the column. The heat pump is substitutable by devices (6, 7) which can be switched to the sump vaporizer and the exhaust vapor compressor when required. These substituting devices comprise devices (6 and 7 respectively) for the production of vapor or the provision of a coolant respectively as well as connection means (63, 63′, 72, 72′). The coolants can be liquids (water) or gases (air).

Abstract: A shell-and-tube reactor has a plurality of reaction tubes incorporated therein, a circulation path for the heating medium formed outside the reaction tubes, a heating medium introducing section provided on the upper part of the shell in the reactor and a heating medium discharge section provided on the lower part of the shell in the reactor, a back pressure applying means for the heating medium is further provided in the heating medium discharge section.

Abstract: A control installation for solid cleaning members circulating in a heat exchanger includes interception arrangements interposed on the heat exchanger outlet pipe, a return pipe which recycles toward the inlet pipe a return flow containing the solid cleaning members, and a control device for the solid cleaning members. Between the interception arrangements and the control device there is a concentration device dividing the return flow into two parts. The return pipe is part of circulation arrangements which generate a counter-current flow through the interception arrangements and which include suction arrangements in line with the interception device to take up the solid cleaning members retained thereby.

Abstract: A recuperative and conductive heat transfer system (10, 10′) that is operative to effect therewith the heating within the second portion (20, 20′) of the heat transfer system (10, 10′) of a “working fluid” flowing through the heat transfer surfaces (32, 32′) as a consequence of the transfer thereto by conduction of heat from a multiplicity of regenerative solids (24, 24′). The multiplicity of regenerative solids (24, 24′) derive their heat from a recuperation thereby within the first portion (12, 12′) of the heat transfer system (10, 10′) from either an internally generated or an externally generated source of heat (22, 22′).

Abstract: A check valve 27 for preventing backflow of a coolant 5 in outside pipes 14a and 14b into a tank 10 when operation is stopped, a cubical expansion relief valve 28 for suppressing increase of pressure of the coolant in the outside pipes 14a and 14b, and a purge check valve 29 for blowing compressed gas into the outside pipes 14a and 14b to recover the coolant are connected to a primary-side flow path for sending the coolant 5 to a heat load 1, a flow rate control valve 31 for controlling a flow rate or pressure of the coolant is connected to a secondary-side flow path for receiving the coolant 5 from the heat load 1, a bypass flow path 35 is provided between the primary-side flow path and the secondary-side flow path, and a bypass flow rate control valve 36 which opens when the pressure of the coolant in the outside pipes 14a and 14b exceeds prescribed pressure is connected in the bypass flow path 35.

Abstract: Heat exchange water for cooling an object of heat exchange such as machinery, air, or liquid, which serves to prevent oxidation and deterioration of metal materials used in pipes for supplying/circulating the heat exchange water or in the liquid ends of the heat exchanger, to suppress growth of algae and microorganisms, and to reduce influence on the environment. The heat exchange water is reductive water having zero or negative standard oxidation-reduction potential as determined on the basis of the hydrogen electrode standard.