Abstract: A closed circuit evaporative fluid cooler/evaporative condenser utilizing a cross flow water-air fluid flow relationship is provided. An evaporative liquid recirculating system includes a liquid distribution spray assembly mounted above a bundle of fill sheets. A closed circuit fluid cooling/condensing heat exchanger is supported below the bundle of fill sheets. Each heat exchanger comprises a plurality of parallel coil circuits or modules, wherein the inlet of each coil circuit is at a higher elevation adjacent the air outlet side of the heat exchanger, and the fluid outlet manifold of each coil circuit is at the lowest elevation adjacent the air inlet side of the heat exchanger. This arrangement assures the coolest liquid falling from the fill sheet assembly contacts the coil assembly containing the coolest fluid and that the coolest air entering the air inlet contacts the coil assembly portion containing the coolest fluid.

Abstract: A method of cleaning watery i.e. humid, ventilating air containing liquids which have been gasified during cooling or lubrication of converting machines, particularly rolling mills, comprises cooling of the ventilating air in one or several stages to a temperature below the condensing point of the gasified substances in the ventilating air, so that these substances condense. In connection with the condensation, the larger portion of the condensed cooling or lubricating liquids is separated from the water and reused. The condensed water mixed with the rest of the condensed cooling and lubricating liquids is returned to the cleaned and dried ventilating air and is caused to be absorbed by the ventilating air. By dividing the cooling operation into two steps, the cooling and lubricating liquids can be caused to condense in the first stage without condensation of any water and water can be caused to condense substantially only in the second stage.

Abstract: A heat exchanger with straight tubes for convenient cleaning and repair is constructed with superior heat exchange capabilities. The heat exchanger has an outer shell with a fluid entry and exit and end plates which support one or more tubes with a fluid entry and fluid exit for each tube, the tubes having both an internal turbulence inducing structure and an external fin structure with periodic baffles for maximizing the heat exchange surface area and the contact of the exchange fluids with the exchange area.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for dehumidification of compressed air. The improved heat exchanger employs an air-to-air heat exchanger portion and a air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger portion that are arranged substantially parallel and coextensive. Each of these heat exchanger portions are made up of a plurality of tube units, each tube unit having three concentric tubes. The tubes terminate at each end in separate header units. Incoming air is passed co-currently in the air-to-air heat exchanger portion with air that has been dehumidified, whereupon a precooling stage is achieved. This precooled air is then passed countercurrently to refrigerant in the air-to-refrigerant portion of the heat exchanger for causing condensation of moisture therein. This cool air is passed through a moisture separator, with the dehumidified air being recycled through the air-to-air heat exchanger portion prior to use, as set forth above. The components are fabricated from standard tubing elements.

Abstract: A heater comprising two separate tube nests of which one (29) heats the circulating water by condensation and supercooling and the other (39) heats a partial flow of this water by the desuperheating of steam. Steam is admitted through pipe (16). The foregoing partial flow of water comes from the desuperheating zone of a heater located downstream and is admitted through a manifold (41). Pipes (39) are wound round a central drum (43).

Abstract: A compact secondary heat exchanger, installed in the path of room air through the casing of a gas furnace, utilizes a unitary condensing coil having parallel upper, middle and lower sets of tubes through which the flue gas passes sequentially to a collector manifold, exhausted by a blower. The coil is slanted downwardly from the hot gas manifold. Condensate formed in the first and second sets of tubes flows downward to an intermediate manifold between the first and second sets of tubing, condensate from this intermediate manifold is drained downward to a collector manifold beneath.

Abstract: The Claus process gas is cooled in a condenser to condense most of the sulfur vapor in solid form. The gas leaving the condenser is then further cooled to condense water without producing substantially any sulfur in an undesirable form. The resulting gas of reduced water content is useful in Claus reaction, particularly the low temperature Claus reaction in which the product sulfur is adsorbed on the catalyst.

Abstract: A multiple pressure condenser has heating devices for the overcooled parts of the condensate, which devices are accommodated alone or preferably in pairs in one or more of the condenser parts. The heating devices have perforated droplet plates located one above the other, from which droplet plates the overcooled condensate drips downwards in steps and is heated to at least the saturation temperature of the condenser space by high pressure exhaust steam flowing upwards. The overcooled condensate arrives at the highest droplet plate via drain and rising ducts, which are connected to the space over the intermediate floor or floors which separate the exhaust steam spaces from the hot well.

Abstract: A liquid film evaporation type heat exchanger including a plurality of heat transfer units, with each unit including a plurality of flat heat transfer ducts of square cross section formed with a plurality of warm water passageways extending perpendicular to the direction of flow of a liquid medium, and a plurality of liquid distributing beams formed with a pluraity of cutouts. The heat transfer ducts and the liquid distributing beams being alternately arranged in the respective units, with the heat transfer units being arranged at locations spaced apart from each other in the direction of flow of the liquid medium. Vapor releasing ports are formed in positions between the adjacent heat transfer units. Each heat transfer duct has on either side surface thereof a porous material layer providing a heat exchange surface on which a film of the liquid medium is formed for evaporation.

Abstract: Heat exchange apparatus comprises a generally cylindrical tank having an inlet port for entry of gas and an outlet port for exit of the gas after it is cooled, and an annular bundle of tubes disposed within the tank. The tank includes a cylindrical side wall or shell which encloses the tube bundle, and upper and lower annular manifolds for controlling flow through the tube interiors. The tank inlet port is located centrally of the upper annular manifold, and the tank outlet port is located on the shell. The annular tube bundle has a generally cylindrical interior having a longitudinal axis parallel to that of the shell. The interior of the annular tube bundle is aligned with the inlet port so that the interior of the tube bundle functions as an inlet plenum for the gas entering the recuperator.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having a plurality of parts each of which comprises a set of pipes and a housing which conducts steam. The housing of each part is provided on its steam discharge end with a condensate extraction connection that is angularly offset on the periphery of the housing relative to the steam discharge connection. Such a heat exchanger is distinguished by a simple, space-saving construction and easy maintenance and cleaning while permitting good heat transfer.

Abstract: A bayonet tube heat exchanger and the method of use of the exchanger, the exchanger having a bayonet tube positioned within a sheath, the bayonet tube is used to create an annulus with the sheath for condensing vapors inside the sheath and to remove condensate and non-condensible gases under vacuum through the bayonet tube. An alternate embodiment uses an insulated plastic bayonet tube positioned within a sheath, the plastic bayonet tube used as an inlet for fluids into a small annular passage between the bayonet tube and its sheath with high turbulence for heat transfer in condensing vapors outside the sheath. Multiple sheaths and bayonet tubes are disclosed for applications to vapor recompression and long tube flash evaporators and to freon chillers and condensers.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an aircooled heat exchanger including first and second sets of tubes that carry a fluid to be cooled. One end of each tube is connected to an inlet header and the other end is connected to an outlet header. Each tube includes first and second longitudinal portions which are joined or connected by an intermediate bent portion. The tubes are arranged in the flow path of a cooling air flow. The first portions of the first set of tubes are located upstream, with respect to the direction of air flow, relative to the second portions of the first set and relative to the first portions of the second set, and the second portions of the second set are located upstream relative to the first portions of the second set and to the second portions of the first set. This offset relation of portions of the tubes substantially equalizes the heat exchange with the air.

Abstract: In a tub vapor condenser for brewing tubs two condenser stages are arranged above one another in the vapor vent of the tub, the lower condenser stage being constructed as a tube condenser and the upper condenser stage being constructed as a spray arrangement for water and other materials, so that on the one hand it is possible to obtain clean usable water at a high temperature and on the other hand odor-generating substances are largely eliminated from the vapor.

Abstract: There is disclosed a mechanical draft, vacuum steam condenser for use in steam turbine power plant service which permits the operator to turn selected air moving fans on or off in order to control the quantity of air flow over the tubes of the tube bundles without interfering with the removal of non-condensible gases from the bundles serviced by the other fans.

Abstract: An air cooled vacuum producing condenser is disclosed for condensing vapors containing non-condensible gases, i.e. air. The condenser includes a condenser chamber with a bundle of condenser tubes across the chamber. Inlet and outlet headers are disposed at opposite ends of the chamber. Water is directed downwardly onto the bundle of condenser tubes, and air is discharged from the interior of the chamber to create a downward flow of air through the chamber across the bundle of condenser tubes.

Abstract: A gas condenser apparatus and method is described employing two heat exchanger stages for condensing water vapor and other contaminates, such as organic solvents, out of hot air or other treated gas by means of a cooling gas which is provided by feeding back the treated gas through the cooling passages of such heat exchanger stages after removal of the water and solvents. The heat exchangers are of the counterflow type so that the treated gas and the cooling gas flow in opposite directions therethrough. Preferably, water vapor is removed from the treated gas by condensing it in the first stage and the solvents are removed by condensing them in the second stage thereby separating the condensed water and solvents. Auxiliary cooling coils are provided at the input of the first stage and at the output of the second stage for further cooling of the treated gas.

Abstract: A steam duct (5) enclosing the preheater tube-bundle (6) leads, upwards, from the desuperheater box (2) and via a deflecting quarter-bend (9), opens into a flat steam-distribution duct (8). The heating steam flows from this distribution duct (8), through steam outlet openings (12) on the vertical narrow sides (11), and thereafter flows radially through the preheater tube-bundles (6), from the outside to the inside.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having an outside coil, a tray beneath the coil for collecting condensate from the coil, a discharge conduit of the tray being positioned to discharge condensate from an entrance point to an discharge point of the discharge conduit, and a by-pass conduit portion disposed in the discharge conduit in fluid communication with a heat exchange medium of the coil to prevent conduit from freezing in the discharge conduit, the bypass conduit portion being defined by a pair of legs and the bight whereby the heat exchange medium flows through one of the pair of legs in a direction from the entrance point toward the discharge point and then is reversed by the bight to flow in the other of the pair of legs in a direction from the discharge point to the entrance point.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to an aircooled heat exchanger including first and second sets of tubes that carry a fluid to be cooled. One end of each tube is connected to an inlet header and the other end is connected to an outlet header. Each tube includes first and second longitudinal portions which are joined or connected by an intermediate bent portion. The tubes are arranged in the flow path of a cooling air flow. The first portions of the first set of tubes are located upstream, with respect to the direction of air flow, relative to the second portions of the first set and relative to the first portions of the second set, and the second portions of the second set are located upstream relative to the first portions of the second set and to the second portions of the first set. This offset relation of portions of the tubes substantially equalizes the heat exchange with the air.

Abstract: A plate type evaporator comprising a plurality of vertically extending plate elements assembled face-to-face to define therebetween alternate channels for a heating medium and for a liquid to be evaporated. In order to accelerate the nuclear boiling of the liquid in the liquid channels, the heat transfer surface of each plate element has a plurality of vertically extending transversely spaced ridges projecting toward the associated liquid channel, such ridges being in contact with the heat transfer surface of the opposed plate element to provide areas of contact assisting in the evolution of vapor bubbles and divide the liquid channel into narrow sections assisting in the generation of vapor, such sections also assuring that even in deeper places in the liquid channel, vapor bubbles will be generated without yielding to the liquid pressure; alternatively, each plate element has a porous layer formed on its heat transfer surface facing the liquid channel.

Abstract: A steam surface condenser has its tube bundle arranged in a manner so as to have an outer zone of tubes for receiving cold water and surrounding an inner zone of tubes containing warmer water so that most of the condensing of the steam is in the outer zone. A gas cooling section is located in the outer zone adjacent the upper end of the tube bundle. Condensate trays are provided adjacent the cooling section at spaced points along the length of the tube bundle for receiving condensate. Conduits are provided for conveying the condensate from the trays to the exterior of the shell so that such condensate does not contaminate condensate in a hot well.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for use in the production of pellets, such as in a feed pellet mill, where both steam and water are used in a conditioner to condition milled material before pelleting. The heat exchanger has a steam inlet for delivery of steam to the chamber from a steam supply and a steam outlet for delivery of steam to the conditioner. A portion of the chamber defines a collector for the collection of condensate and has a second outlet for the delivery of the condensate from the chamber back to the steam supply. A coil surrounds at least a portion of the chamber to provide heat exchange between the chamber and the coil so that water passing through the coil is heated by the heat exchange from said chamber for delivery to the conditioner.

Abstract: In order to reduce the difference in stress of the tubes through which heating steam is flowing in the case of heat exchangers where the tubes are concentrated in at least two horizontal bundles and where heating steam flows through the tubes and a power medium flows around the tubes, it is proposed that there are arranged at the intake openings of the tubes (1) through which the heating steam is flowing baffles (3) with different intake profiles (4) in such manner that within each bundle of tubes the intake profiles (4) will become smaller in direction of flow of the power medium to be heated.

Abstract: A feed water preheater is disclosed having warm and cold tube bundles. The warm tube bundle is divided into first and second warm tube bundles with the first warm tube bundle forming a desuperheater bundle and the second warm tube bundle forming a condenser bundle. The first and second warm tube bundles are isolated with respect to one another with a steam distribution duct arranged between the warm and the cold tube bundles. Preferably, the warm and cold tube bundles are U-shaped with a steam inlet arranged perpendicularly with respect to the tube bundles.

Abstract: A heat exchanger type condenser for separating water and other polutants from a vaporous mixture and a method of making the condenser is disclosed utilizing a hollow cylindrical vessel with inlet and outlet means. Conduit means having transversely extending heat exchanger fins are located in the vessel with the heat exchanger fins being square or rectangle when viewed in end view. Upper and lower baffle guides with baffles extending between the guides surround the heat exchanger fins in the vessel. The lower baffle guide has perforations formed therein so that the material that is condensed out of the mixture is immediately separated and drained. The conduit means has an entry and exit means that completely seals the inside of the conduit from the inside diameter of the cylindrical vessel. The cylindrical vessel has inlet and outlet means that help seal the inside of the cylinder from the surrounding atmosphere.

Abstract: There is disclosed a heat exchanger having one or more bundles of tubes through which steam or other vapor is passed and comprising horizontally arranged rows of tubes each of which is connected to a separate outlet header. Condensate from the outlet headers of each bundle is drained into a pot having individual water leg seals which isolate vapor pressure within such outlet headers from one another. The outlet headers are of generally rectangular cross section and staggered in a horizontal direction, with the lower end of each successive outlet header to be contacted by air extending below the upper end of the preceding outlet header. The tubes of each such successive row of tubes are longer than those of the preceding row to be contacted by air and extend over the upper end of the outlet header connecting with the tubes of the preceding row of tubes.

Abstract: A two-stage process, and the apparatus for practicing the process, for cooling process gas are disclosed. The process gas is firstly air-cooled by convection to a temperature above the dew point of naphthalene and finally cooled to the desired discharge temperature by heat exchange with a cooling liquid. The condensed portion of the process gas resulting from the first cooling stage may be utilized to flush the gas conduits of the liquid heat exchanger of the second stage, followed by a recirculation of that condensed portion of the coke oven gas either back through the second stage or by introduction into the stream of process gas prior to its introduction into the first cooling stage.

Abstract: The air cooler section of a steam condenser which is normally untubed is provided with tubes thereby increasing the capacity and/or efficiency of the condenser without interfering with the longitudinal flow of vapor.

Abstract: A plate type condenser is constituted by a primary condensation section and a secondary condensation section positioned on the downstream side of the primary condenser. The primary condenser comprises a plurality of condensation elements and a plurality of condensate discharge grooves extending along respective condensation elements and inclined in the form of a herringbone with respect to the passages which pass a heated medium to be condensed and a medium to be heated in opposite directions.

Abstract: Improved means for substantially eliminating condensate subcooling in single-stage moisture separator reheaters is provided by recirculating large quantities of scavenging steam through the reheater tube bundle. Heating steam for the tubeside (within the tubes of the tube bundle) of the reheater is extracted from the main steam supply upstream of the high-pressure turbine. This main steam is throttled before entering the tube bundle at part load conditions to reduce the temperature differential with respect to the high-pressure turbine exhaust steam which is to be reheated on the shellside. The tubes of the tube bundle are differentially orificed at their inlet to provide sufficient steam to each tube based on complete condensation at tube exit. At throttled, part load conditions, considerable excess scavenging steam is required to correct for the inefficiencies of the fixed orifices at these off-design conditions.

Abstract: A Moisture Separator Reheater (MSR) has a plurality of tube bundles which receive high-pressure saturated (tubeside) steam therein. Steam to be reheated (shellside steam) is passed in heat-exchange relationship with the tubes of the first and second reheater tube bundles after first being dried by the panels of a moisture separator. It emerges from the shell of the reheater dried and heated. In the reheater tube bundles saturated steam at temperatures and pressures substantially higher than the shellside steam transfers heat to the shellside steam by condensation within the tubes. The steam in the second stage tube bundle is at a temperature and pressure that is substantially higher than that of the steam in the first stage tube bundle and is heating shellside steam at a higher temperature than the shellside inlet steam to the first stage tube bundle. A greater quantity of tubeside steam than is theoretically necessary is passed through the tube bundles.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling system compressed air dehumidifiers includes an inner body forming a dehumidifying passage provided with a cooler, an outer body surrounding the inner body and forming a precooling passage along the outer periphery of the inner body, an air supply port opened in the outer body through which compressed air is led into the precooling passage from one end thereof, a communicating hole opened in the inner body to guide the air led into the precooling passage out through its other end into the dehumidifying passage through one end thereof, and a plurality of heat transmitting pipes extending through the precooling passage in order to form an air-flow passage which guides the compressed air out of the other end of the dehumidifying passage to an air discharge port provided in the outer body.

Abstract: An air cooled condenser installation comprising a first group of heat exchange elements including a plurality of rows of upright tubes impinged by a stream of cooling air and connected at upper and lower open ends by an upper manifold respectively, a lower collecting chamber to each other, and a steam conduit communcating with the upper manifold so that the steam flows in downward direction through the tubes and partly condenses therein with the condensate flowing in the same direction, and a second group of heat exchange elements including a second plurality of upright tubes impinged by a second stream of cooling air and connected at upper and lower open ends respectively by an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and a conduit connecting said lower collecting chamber of said first group of heat exchange elements with the lower chamber of the second group of heat exchange elements so that steam which has not been condensed in the first group of heat exchange elements will flow in upward direction through the s

Abstract: An air condenser for condensing vapors where freezing or solidification of the condensate is likely to occur. Finned tube bundles are used, which are arranged so as to form a primary condensation zone and a secondary condensation zone. The tube bundles are placed at a slope and are struck by an air stream coming from below. The innermost tubes are directly struck by the cooling airstream and make up the first condensation zone. The outermost tubes receive air which has been preheated since it has flowed through the first condensation zone. These outermost tubes make up the second condensation zone. Thus vapors which are not condensed immediately are condensed in the second condensation zone. The apparatus is a compact, self-contained and efficient unit which is cheaper than the prior art devices both as to initial cost and upkeep cost.

Abstract: A process for evaporation comprises the step of introducing high-temperature steam successively into separate bundles of horizontal heat-transfer tubes and spraying feed-liquid over the tubes. The number of the tubes in each bundle is smaller than that in the next lower bundle. The steam is first introduced into the tubes of the bottom bundle after cooled by subjection to condensate produced in the tubes of the middle bundle. An evaporator is also disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus which includes an air-cooled condenser having main and vent portions for use in condensing steam or other vapors containing non-condensibles such as air at a pressure near or below atmospheric, a pot into which condensate from an outlet header for the condenser is drained, and equipment for ejecting air and other non-condensibles from the outlet header to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An air cooled surface consenser has a plurality of heat-exchange tubes extending transversely of the direction of air flow and each provided with heat-exchange fins. The interior of each tube is completely unobstructed and the tubes are of oval or elliptical cross section having a major interior dimension normal to their elongation which has a ratio of at least 6:1 with reference to a minor interior dimension which extends normal to the major dimension and the direction of elongation.

Abstract: A feedwater heater has a condensate inlet, and a flow distributor cooperatively associated with the condensate inlet, a plurality of U-shaped tubes forming a tube bundle, a vent condenser portion enclosing a portion of the cold leg of the tube bundle and a trough centrally disposed within the tube bundle to provide deaeration of the condensate. The trough has its lengthwise opening in fluid communication with the cold leg portion of the tube bundle and one end thereof in fluid communication with the vent condenser for channeling the non-condensibles to the vent condenser where they are vented from the feedwater heater.