Abstract: Heavy hydrocarbon oil having a pour point higher at least than the environmental temperature is loaded into a storage vessel in a state heated up to a temperature above its pour point and is cooled down to a temperature below the pour point to be stored in a solidified form in the vessel. In unloading the heavy hydrocarbon oil stored in the solidified form in the vessel, the upper portion of the oil in the vessel is heated up to a temperature above its pour point, and the successively fluidized oil portions are pumped out of the vessel.

Abstract: A shell-tube bundle heat exchanger is so arranged as to leave a section within the shell devoid of tubes. Into said section relatively hot vapors are introduced to be mixed with chilling medium within said shell and surrounding said tubes. A baffle means is provided to prevent liquid disturbed by introduction of the vapors from transmitting disturbance to the cooling medium surrounding the tubes. In one embodiment, propane vapors under pressure are introduced under the surface of cold liquid propane in a horizontal gas chiller. A stilling leg or vertical baffle is located between the tubes and the point of introduction of the vapors introduced through a slotted vapor inlet pipe. A liquid level sensing and/or control means is also baffled away from the point of introduction of vapors.

Abstract: A heat transfer arrangement operable selectively for heating, cooling and tempering in which a heating and cooling system, and a pump are applied under predetermined flow conditions, whereby directed and substantially constant speed prevails over the entire cross-section of the flow path. The heating system with the pump and also the cooling system are located in a common tank which serves simultaneously as a collector tank for the heat carrier medium and an expansion tank of the arrangement. The heating system has several straight tube sections, running parallel to one another for an extended length, to transport the heat carrier medium. The heating system is provided with electrical heating elements in the form of rods which are inserted in the parallel straight tube sections, and leave a free flow-through cross-section.

Abstract: Utilization of latent heat stored in a crystalline liquid heat storage medium subject to super-cooling by continuously circulating the storage medium past a heat exchanger positioned in the upper portion of an enclosed space containing a body of such storage medium to effect super-cooling thereof, then past a bed of seed crystals in the lower portion of such space to effect partial crystallization thereof, and then back past the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method of decomposing pyrogenic molecules in contaminated water which is disposed within a closed water container to produce, with surprising low energy requirements, pyrogen-free water.The method comprises placing water which is suspected to contain pyrogenic material (herein called "contaminated") into a sealable pressurizable container, sealing said container, heating said sealed container to a temperature of from about 180.degree. to about 230.degree. C, preferably about 200.degree. C, to create within the container a pressure sufficient, i.e., from about 15 to about 36 atmospheres, to prevent the formation of steam in said container while destroying all pyrogens in the container. After attaining the desired temperature for a brief period, that is, about 1-10 minutes, the heat is removed and the sealed container is cooled to room temperature in any suitable fashion and the water therein is ready for use or storage within the container, as the exigencies of circumstances dictate.

Abstract: A tubular heat exchanger designed for easy and compact mounting within a receiver tank. Within the rigid casing of the heat exchanger are mounted a plurality of spaced, parallel tubes. Coolant fluid entering one end of the heat exchanger, flows through a group of the tubes, and returns to the same end of the heat exchanger through the remaining tubes, whereupon it exits the exchanger. Hot fluid such as compressed air enters one end of the exchanger, passes along the length of the exchanger while intermingling with the tubes so as to be cooled, and then exits into a receiver tank through a plurality of holes located in the opposite end of the heat exchanger.