Abstract: An apparatus and method for cooling hot fluids, especially exhaust gases, with a multi-pass cooler core. The cooler core is particularly useful for cooling exhaust gases flowing in an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system or regime in operative association with an internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine. Cooled gases are recirculated to the engine input to help reduce noxious exhaust emissions. The invention utilizes unequal areas-in-flow between the first exhaust pass through the core and the second and subsequent passes through the core. The first pass through the core features an area-in-flow comparatively larger than the area-in-flow of the second pass. The difference in areas-in-flow between passes influences gas velocities to reduce fouling, despite changes in exhaust gas temperature between passes through the core.

Abstract: A device and process for the removal of volatile constituents from polymers is disclosed. The device entails a container having an inlet for a polymer solution, an outlet for the volatile components, an outflow for the polymer from which the volatile components have been removed and a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is characterized in that it contains a plurality of specially structured channels.

Abstract: A heat exchange arrangement for a vehicle has at least two heat exchangers exposed to the action of ambient air. One of the heat exchanger is coolant cooler and the other one is a charge-air coolant. Each of these coolers has tubes through which liquid or gas flows and heat dissipating ribs connected to the tubes. The coolant cooler is positioned upstream of the charge-air cooler in the air-flow direction. The charge-air cooler has an overlapping region in which the coolant cooler and the charge-air cooler overlap one another and a non-overlapping region in which the coolant cooler projects substantially perpendicularly to the cooling air flow direction. The non-overlapping region is formed at least in the charge-air outlet region and is cooled directly by ambient cooling air. The overlapping region is cooled by the ambient cooling air that has passed through the coolant cooler, which is positioned immediately upstream of the overlapping region of the charge-air cooler.

Abstract: A heat transfer tube (1) having a ribbed inner surface which is divided into at least two zones (Z1, Z2, . . . , Zn) in circumferential direction, which zones are classified into at least two zone classes (K1, K2, . . . , Kj+1, . . . , Km). Ribs (1) having a rib height h1 extend at a helix angle &agr;1 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tube in the zones of at least one zone class (K1, K2, . . . , Kj). Ribs (2) having a rib height h2 extend at a helix angle &agr;2 in the zones of at least one further zone class (Kj+1, Kj+2, . . . , Km), which ribs (2) are intersected by ribs (3) having a rib height h3 extending at a helix angle &agr;3 (&agr;3≠&agr;2). Preferably are h2, h3≦h1.

Abstract: Heat exchangers (H4, H3, H2, H1) are sequentially disposed within an exhaust port (18), within a pre-catalytic device (34), and on the downstream of a main catalytic device (35); the exhaust port (18), the pre-catalytic device (34), and the main catalytic device (35) being provided in an exhaust passage (33) of an internal combustion engine. With regard to the heat transfer surface densities (heat transfer area/volume) of these heat exchangers (H4, H3, H2, H1), that of the heat exchanger (H4) on the upstream side of the exhaust passage (33) is the lowest, and that of the heat exchanger (H1) on the downstream side is the highest.

Abstract: Thermal protection shield for a rotating shaft The invention relates to a thermal protection shield for a rotating shaft, characterized in that it comprises, in the thermal transition region between the hot fluid and the cold fluid, a ring (11) of nickel alloy shrunk onto said shaft (1).

Abstract: A heat transfer tube (1) with a finned inner surface, which is divided into at least two zones (Z1 to Zm) in peripheral direction. The fins (2, 3), which extend at an angle of inclination &agr; with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube, are arranged in the individual zones (Z1 to Zm) in any desired periodic combination and sequence of at least two fin heights (H1 to Hn, H1>H2> . . . >Hn). Adjacent zones border thereby on one another so that the fin sequence is staggered for at least one fin in longitudinal direction of the tube. Modifications include the finned inner surface being divided into groups of zones, in which the angle of inclination of the fins is uniform, however, varies between adjacent groups.

Abstract: A compact forced air-cooling condenser is provided which is overall of light weight, but can be manufactured inexpensively, and which is of high heat exchange performance. In a forced air-cooling condenser employed in a refrigerator of the type which forcibly cools the coolant condensing the coolant using a cooling fan, a condenser 1 for forced air-cooling is constituted of a construction in which a large number of heat-radiating wires 3 are attached extending across above and below a coolant pipe 2 that is bent back in bellows fashion in the same plane, and this is then as a whole bent into spiral shape.

Abstract: A multipass heat exchanger with return bends between passes has its first return bend which varies in cross sectional area in the direction of the of the gas flow. The cross sectional area first increases so as to thereby reduce the velocity of the flue gas, decrease the flue side heat transfer coefficient and decrease the resulting hotspots. The cross sectional area is then increased in a more downstream portion of the return bend so as to not increase the overall height of the heat exchanger. The variation preferably occurs throughout the entire span of the return bend, with the increase in cross sectional area beginning at the start of the return bend.

Abstract: A heat exchange cell for a recuperator includes top and bottom plates sandwiching a matrix finned member and a pair of header finned members. The top and bottom plates each include a pair of manifold openings, and the header finned members each include a curved free edge following the curvature of an associated manifold opening. The header finned member includes a high fin density portion along the free edge and a low fin density portion communicating with the high fin density portion. The dual fin density header finned member thus provides increased structural strength along the free edge and provides a low pressure drop through the low fin density portion.

Abstract: A radial flow heat exchanger for heating or cooling a fluid includes a sealed fluid manifold for passage of fluid. A sealed fluid receiving hub is spaced interiorly of the interior peripheral portion of the manifold and includes a passageway for passage of fluid into or out of the heat exchanger. A plurality of separate and spaced fluid flow tubes are disposed between the manifold and the hub. Each of the tubes are in sealed fluid communication with the manifold at one end and the other end is in sealed fluid communication with the hub. A fin assembly is positioned between the manifold and the hub and includes a heat conducting material arranged at spaced intervals between the manifold and the hub, the heat conducting material including a plurality of spaced apertures through which tubes pass.

Abstract: In this corrugated fin, each corrugation leg (10A, 10B) has a notch (18A, 18B) on at least one edge (11A) and over at least part of its height. Application to brazed-plate heat exchangers.

Abstract: A continuous combination fin for a heat exchanger includes a base wall having a first portion, a second portion and a third portion. The continuous combination fin also includes a plurality of entrance louvers in the first portion extending outwardly at a predetermined angle in a first direction from the base wall. The continuous combination fin includes a plurality of exit louvers in the third portion extending outwardly at a predetermined angle in a second direction from the base wall reversed from the first direction. The continuous combination fin further includes a plurality of drainage louvers in one of the first portion and the second portion and the third portion that are off-set relative to each other such that air flows through the entrance louvers and exit louvers and water drains through the drainage louvers.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger of the present invention for exchanging heat between fluid flowing in a flow passage in a heat exchanger tube and fluid flowing outside of said heat exchanger tube, a solid bar-like insertion member or a hollow bar-like insertion member whose opposite ends are closed is provided in said flow passage in which a fluid having phase change flows in gas-liquid two phase state or liquid phase state, a cross section of said insertion member is formed into a substantially circle shape, a polygonal shape or a starlike shape, and a cross-sectional area of a flow passage in which said fluid flows is reduced as a mass flow rate quality of said fluid is reduced. With this construction, it is possible to restrain the pressure loss at the time of evaporation, and the evaporation ability can be enhanced or can be restrained from being deteriorated.

Abstract: Plate heat exchanger has heat transfer plates which exhibit a patterning and are stacked one above the other. Primary sided flow channels for a first heat exchanger medium to be evaporated, and secondary sided channels for a second heat exchanger heat carrier medium are formed between the plates. The primary sided and/or the secondary sided flow channels are formed between two adjacent heat transfer plates, whose patterning meshes at least partially, while maintaining a minimum spacing.

Abstract: A cooler has a plurality of layers arranged in a stack and connected to one another along their surfaces. Each layer has openings allowing for three-dimensional flow of the coolant between an intake and an outlet. The flow resistance or the gradient of flow resistance increases from the intake to the outlet so that the coolant is increasingly forced to concentrate at the cooling surface as coolant flows from the intake to the outlet.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising: a plurality of longitudinally extending tubes grouped into at least first, second and third passes; the tubes in the first pass being serially connected with tubes in the second pass; the tubes in the second pass being serially connected with tubes in the third pass; and wherein the number of tubes in the first pass is greater than the number of tubes in the third pass.

Abstract: An exchanger comprises a plurality of plates (8) made of copper, nickel or aluminium or an alloy of these metals, which are separated by exchange corrugations made of copper or a copper alloy (6) and two outer sheets (7). The distance between the plates is more than 6 mm, optionally 8 mm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat exchanger in which a plate-shaped cooling medium flow portion (11) provides an internal cooling medium flow path inside by laminating two flat plates (13, 14) subjected to drawing and a cooling fin are alternately laminated, a cooling medium inlet (15) for allowing a cooling medium to flow into the cooling medium flow path and a cooling medium outlet (16) for allowing the cooling medium passing through the cooling medium flow path to flow out are formed in said two flat plates, and the cooling medium flowing from the cooling medium inlet to the cooling medium flow path is passed through said cooling medium flow path and is then allowed to flow out of the cooling medium outlet.

Abstract: Apparatus for the condensation of steam, includes a substructure, a fan supported by the substructure and a plurality of self-supported tube bundles which are arranged in a roof-shaped manner in opposing relationship with respect to a vertical center longitudinal plane and mounted to the substructure above the fan, with each of the tube bundles having an upper tube plate and a lower tube plate. A steam distribution duct is fluidly connected to the upper ends of the tube bundles, whereas condensate collection pipes are fluidly connected to the lower ends of the tube bundles. The upper tube plates of opposite tube bundles so mutually support one another as to allow a limited pivotal movement of the tube bundles, and the condensate collection pipes are so positioned on the substructure as to be shiftable relative to the substructure in parallel relationship to the center longitudinal axis.

Abstract: An evaporator stack, in particular for a double evaporator, includes foils for converting a liquid medium into a gaseous medium. The foil stack has at least one foil through which a medium flows and at least one additional foil. The foil stack has an inlet region for the liquid medium and a discharge region for the gaseous medium. The discharge region is designed such that a pressure gradient in the medium over the at least approximately entire width of the discharge region is smaller than a pressure gradient in the medium over the at least approximately entire length of the media foil through which flow occurs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat exchanger with flat tubes of two columns, including: a first header having a plurality of connecting grooves formed at a zigzag arrangement of two columns; a second header having a plurality of connecting grooves formed at the corresponding positions of the first header; and a plurality of flat tubes coupled to the plurality of connecting grooves of the first and second headers, for transferring refrigerant, wherein a first flat tubes at a first column are placed at fluid inlet side of air, and a second flat tubes at a second column are placed at ejecting outlet side of the air.

Abstract: A condenser comprises at least one heat transferring face formed of a plate-shaped material. Change of phase of a low temperature fluid from a liquid phase to a gaseous phase is made by causing a high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid to flow on opposite surface sides of the heat transferring face, respectively, so that flowing directions of the high and low temperature fluids are perpendicular to each other, to make a heat exchange. There is provided at least one condensate discharging trough portion having a first groove portion formed on a surface of the high temperature fluid side of the heat transferring face so as to extend in an oblique direction to a flowing direction of the high temperature fluid by a prescribed angle. The condensate discharging trough portion is capable of receiving condensate of the high temperature fluid, which is generated on the heat transferring face to flow down in the flowing direction of the high temperature fluid.

Abstract: Local heat transferring zones are provided on a heat transferring face. The zones have prescribed patterns of irregularity, which are different from each other. Resistance corresponding to the flowing velocity of the high temperature fluid is imparted to the high temperature fluid by the patterns of irregularity in the zones. It is possible to distribute uniformly the high temperature fluid to the zones to cause it to flow over the entirety of the heat transferring face so as to obtain a uniform flow rate of the high temperature fluid on the zones, improve the contact efficiency of the high temperature fluid with the heat transferring face and improve the heat transfer efficiency of the high temperature fluid to the low temperature fluid through the heat transferring face, unlike the conventional case that the high temperature fluid does not flow in a uniform state on the heat transferring face due to the biased position for the supply of the high temperature fluid.

Abstract: An air conditioning coil system having a first and a second outside tubing slab, a first and a second inside tubing slab, the inside tubing slabs positioned between the outside tubing slabs, a top of the first outside tubing slab contacting a top of the first inside tubing slab, a top of the second outside tubing slab contacting a top of the second inside tubing slab, and a bottom of the first inside tubing slab contacting a bottom of the second inside tubing slab, each tubing slab having a plurality of spaced-apart heat exchange fins, each outside tubing slab having a plurality of spaced-apart tubing rows extending through he plurality of heat exchange fins of the corresponding outside tubing slab, and each inside tubing slab having at least one tubing row extending through the plurality of heat exchange fins of the corresponding inside tubing slab.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger of the present invention for exchanging heat between fluid flowing in a flow passage in a heat exchanger tube and fluid flowing outside of said heat exchanger tube, a solid bar-like insertion member or a hollow bar-like insertion member whose opposite ends are closed is provided in said flow passage in which a fluid having phase change flows in gas-liquid two phase state or liquid phase state, a cross section of said insertion member is formed into a substantially circle shape, a polygonal shape or a starlike shape, and a cross-sectional area of a flow passage in which said fluid flows is reduced as a mass flow rate quality of said fluid is reduced. With this construction, it is possible to restrain the pressure loss at the time of evaporation, and the evaporation ability can be enhanced or can be restrained from being deteriorated.

Abstract: Plate heat exchanger in the form of heat exchanger plates having several corrugated heated surfaces (4) arranged next to one another and tightly sealed with one another, and with two flow paths (10, 11) separated from one another where one of the flow paths (10) has a larger cross-sectional flow through than the other flow path (11), whereby the heat exchanger consists of a number of identically formed plates with an asymmetric cross-sectional shape seen in relation to the central plane (5) of the plate, the lower surface of the grooves of the gasket are located in the central plane of each respective plate, the same sides of every other plate (8) are turned to face the same direction in the heat exchanger, and the equivalent sides of the other plates (9) are turned to face the opposite direction.

Abstract: A radiant heater system of the type having an radiant energy emitter conduit, the radiant heater system comprising an emitter extending at least partly through the area to be heated. The radiant heater system further including a burner for burning fuel thereby forming combustion products, said burner connected to an inlet end of the emitter to inject thermal energy into the emitter and an exhaust end of the emitter serving to exhaust combustion products. The radiant heating system further including an air intake sleeve for controlling the amount of combustion air available to said burner, and a blower sized to provide dilution air communicating with said burner wherein the dilution air cools the combustion products proximate said inlet end thereby reduces the emitter temperature proximate said inlet end.

Abstract: A heat exchanger which is constructed such that combustion gas passages 4 for passage of combustion gas and air passages 5 for passages of air are arranged alternately, and the heat exchanger is cut at one end side thereof in an unequal angle configuration to form combustion gas passage inlets 11 and air passage outlets 16, and cut at the other end side thereof in an unequal angle configuration to form combustion gas passage outlets 12 and air passage inlets 15. the combustion gas passage inlets 11 and combustion gas passage outlets 12, through which a combustion gas having a larger volume flow rate passes, are formed on a long side of an angle, and the air passage inlets 15 and air passage outlets 16, through which an air having a smaller volume flow rate passes, are formed on a short side of an angle.

Abstract: A ratio (Nc/Lc), in a condenser core portion, of the number of louvers to a width of a condenser cooling fin, and a ratio (Nr/Lr), in a radiator core portion, of the number of louvers to a width of a radiator cooling fin satisfy that the ratio in one core portion, out of the condenser and the radiator core portions, a required radiation amount of which is larger than that of the other core portion is larger than the ratio in the other core portion. Thus, in the core portion having a small required radiation amount, the number of louvers relative to the width of the cooling fin is small thereby decreasing the heat transfer ratio. However, by this, the air flow resistance in this core portion decreases thereby increasing an air flow amount. Thus, the radiation amount of the core portion of which required radiation amount is large increases.

Abstract: First heat-transfer plates S1 and second heat-transfer plates S2 are radially arranged between a larger diameter cylindrical-shaped outer casing 6 and a smaller diameter cylindrical-shaped inner casing 7 to form combustion gas passages 4 and air passages 5 alternately in a circumferential direction, and a multiplicity of projections 22, 23 formed on both surfaces of the first heat-transfer plates S1 and second heat-transfer plates S2 are jointed to one another at tip ends thereof. Pitches P between adjacent projections 22, 23 are changed in a radial direction to make the number of heat transfer units substantially constant in a radial direction to uniformize temperature distributions on the first heat-transfer plates S1 and second heat-transfer plates S2 in the radial direction, thereby avoiding a decrease in heat exchanging efficiency and generation of unwanted thermal stress.

Abstract: A steam generator which is both suitable for a horizontal mode of construction and offers the advantages of a continuous steam generator. According to the invention, a steam generator has at least one continuous heating surface disposed in a duct where hot gas circulates in a substantially horizontal direction. The heating surface consists of a plurality of parallel and almost vertical pipes which are used to circulate a fluid, and is configured in such a way that the fluid circulating in a tube heated to a greater temperature than the following tube of the same continuous heating surface has a higher flow rate than the fluid circulating in the following tube.

Abstract: A method of cooling electronic devices in an electronic assembly is proposed where the said assembly has at least one board that houses electronic modules. The methodology comprises shaping a light weight plate with apertures as to compliment the geometric shape of the assembly and board to be cooled; affixing coolant passage tubes in the apertures of the plate and finally cooling the electronic assembly by placing the assembly in thermal contact with the plate and passage tubes after a coolant is introduced in the passages.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising tubes (4) for configuring a first heat exchanger (A) and tubes (5) for configuring a second heat exchanger (B), the tubes (4) and (5) being disposed upstream and down stream of a direction that air is flown, fins (6) disposed between the tubes (4), (5), and ends of the respective tubes (4), (5) connected into the respective tanks (2), (3), wherein the fins (6) have louvers (7A), (7B), which are formed into a group of louvers (7A), (7A) formed on the fins disposed in the first heat exchanger (A) and a group of louvers (7B), (7B) formed on the fins disposed in the second heat exchanger (B), these two groups having a different shape of louvers.

Abstract: A power electronics device incorporating a modular packaging concept and having an integrated device cooler is disclosed. A modular power electronics die cooler is designed for use with a coolant manifold adapted to circulate a coolant medium past a mounting receptacle. The modular power electronics die cooler comprises a base unit adapted for mounting to the manifold, with the base unit having an upper portion and a lower portion. The upper portion includes a plurality of sidewalls defining an enclosure, and the lower portion includes a heat sink and is adapted for insertion in the manifold receptacle. At least one electronic component is mounted within the enclosure. Accordingly, upon mounting the base unit to the manifold, the heat sink is positioned in the coolant medium and thereby dissipates heat produced by the electronic component.

Abstract: A refrigerant condenser is set so that, if its condensation distance is L, the equivalent diameter of a tube having a linearly configured passage for the purpose of heat exchange is de (each dimension being in units of mm), and the number of times the direction change of the linearly configured passage for the purpose of heat exchange change is N, with de.ltoreq.1.15 and the relationship L=(N+1)W=400+1,180 de to 700+1,180 de satisfied, a high heat exchange efficiency is achieved. In this refrigerant condenser, it is possible to use a single long winding tube.

Abstract: A liquid distributor for distributing liquid over the heat transfer surface of an evaporator includes a channel array including one or more supply channels and downwardly deviating distribution channels. Each distribution channel has a step-shaped expansion located downstream with respect to the supply channel and connecting therewith via a sharp point, restricting the liquid suction created in the distribution channel. Sharp points provided in the supply channel or channels further restrict the liquid suction.

Abstract: An apparatus is adapted to be disposed between a heating element and a housing for evenly dissipating heat generated by the heating element. The apparatus includes a first thermal conductor having a first part contacted with the heating element for absorbing the generated heat from the heating element, and having a second part, and a second thermal conductor having a first part with a relatively low thermal conductivity to contact with the first part of the first thermal conductor and a second part with a relatively high thermal conductivity to contact with the second part of the first thermal conductor for transferring the heat from the first thermal conductor to the housing.

Abstract: A plate-type heat exchanger for oil/coolant coolers on heat exchange media, as a rule, flow non-uniformly through known plate-type heat exchanger whose hollow chambers are provided with metal turbulence inserts because of the arrangement of these turbulence inserts. For increasing the heat exchange capacity, it is provided to divide the turbulence insert into sections in which a different alignment of rolled metal turbulence sheets takes place in each case. The sections are divided with respect to one another by separating cuts and, because of the different arrangement of their corrugations, have different flow resistances in sections for the flowing-through medium. As a result of this further development, it is possible to achieve a uniform flow in the hollow chambers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cooling body comprising a heat-conducting insulator and having lugs that are attached in the interior of the cooling body.

Abstract: A computer system including a highly efficient forced air cooling subsystem is disclosed. The computer system includes an enclosure having a first (e.g., front) panel, a processor mounted upon a motherboard located within the enclosure, and a fan located within the enclosure for providing a flow of air through the enclosure. The fan draws air into the enclosure through an opening (e.g., an intake vent) in the first panel and produces a pressurized stream of air. The fan may be oriented such that the pressurized stream of air is directed toward the processor. The computer system may also include a plenum adjacent to the first panel, wherein the intake vent allows ambient air surrounding the enclosure to enter the plenum. The fan may be mounted within an opening in a wall of the plenum. The enclosure may also include a second (e.g., rear) panel opposed to the first (e.g., front) panel and having three openings (e.g., exhaust vents) therein.

Abstract: A fin type heat exchanger includes a plurality of plate shaped fins disposed in spaced parallel relationship to define air channels therebetween for conducting an air flow from an air inlet side to an air exhaust side of each fin. A bent pipe extends through pipe holes formed in the fins for conducting a heat exchange fluid. Groups of slits are formed in each fin, whereby there is a first row of slit groups adjacent the air intake side, and a second row of slit groups adjacent the air exhaust side. There are more slits in the first row than in the second row. The slits in the first row have a width greater than the width of the slits disposed in the second row.

Abstract: A duplex heat exchanger comprises unit heat exchangers which have a plurality of tubes arranged parallel with each other and comprise fins each interposed between two adjacent ones of such tubes, opposite ends of each tube being connected to a pair of headers in fluid connection therewith. The unit heat exchangers are closely juxtaposed to each other fore and aft in a direction of air flow. Coolant circuits of said unit heat exchangers are connected either in series or in parallel with each other.

Abstract: A refrigerant condenser set so that a condensation distance L (mm) of the condenser falls between 400+1180 de and 700+1180 de where de (mm) is the equivalent diameter of the tubes forming the core. By setting the condensation distance L in this way, the heat exchange rate becomes higher and it is possible to determine the number of turns required for the distance L.

Abstract: A once-through steam generator includes a gas flue formed of steam generator tubes welded to one another in a gas-tight manner through fins. The steam generator tubes are connected in parallel for the throughflow of a flow medium, they have a surface structure on their inside for generating a high flow turbulence in the medium flowing through them and they are disposed approximately in a spiral coil in a firing region of the gas flue. The steam generator tubes are constructed in such a way that, when they are in operation, the geodetic pressure loss of the medium flowing through them is at least 0.5 times their pressure loss due to friction. This ensures that such a once-through steam generator can also be operated in low load states of, for example, about 20% of the design load, without excessive thermal stresses occurring.

Abstract: A heat exchange tube useful as a reactor tube for producing ethylene and highly improved in heat transfer efficiency has fins formed on the inner surface of wall of the tube in one or a plurality of regions or all regions arranged from an inlet end of the tube to an outlet end thereof axially of the tube. The fins are positioned in a direction intersecting the axis of the tube and have a suitable pitch. The fins are formed by a projection helically extending on the tube wall inner surface around the axis or are each in the form of an annular projection circumferentially extending on the inner surface in a direction intersecting the axis at right angles therewith. The pitch of the fins, the angle of intersection of the fins with the axis and the height of the fins are suitably determined in conformity with the inside diameter of the tube.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes parallel fins and coolant-conducting tubes extending perpendicularly therethrough. There are three rows of the tubes, the three rows disposed in first, second and third sections, respectively, of the fin. The three fin sections are arranged sequentially from an upstream side to a downstream side of the fin, whereby the first section defines the upstream side, the third section defines the downstream side, and the second section is situated intermediate the first and third sections. The second and third sections have slits formed therein, whereas the first section is slit-free. The number of slits in the second section is from 50 to 80 percent of the number of slits in the third section, so that the air flow resistance is highest in the third section where the differential between air temperature and tube temperature is smallest.

Abstract: A refrigerant evaporator constructed by laminating a plurality of tube elements and a flat tube element. A second refrigerant passage in the flat tube element is disposed at a position being closest to a refrigerant outlet pipe. In the second refrigerant passage, some ribs are formed such that the ribs protrude from a flat plate connected to a metal plate to construct the flat tube element. The second refrigerant passage is partitioned into several small refrigerant passages. By this, the refrigerant flow area of the second refrigerant passage is smaller than that of the other refrigerant passages. That is, the refrigerant flow resistance of the second refrigerant passage is larger than that of other refrigerant passages. Accordingly, the refrigerant is prevented from flowing into the second refrigerant passage of the flat tube element.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including a plurality of heat transfer elements defining hot and cold fluid flow paths with inlet and outlet ends for flow therethrough of a relatively hot fluid and a relatively cold fluid respectively, the hot and the cold fluid flow paths each having at least one portion substantially parallel to each other in which the relatively hot fluid and the relatively cold fluid flow in a common direction such that a thermal resistance between the plurality of heat transfer elements and the flow of the fluids therethrough, and a temperature difference between the hot and the cold fluid flow paths, are maintained over a portion of the heat exchanger to substantially prevent freezing of at least one component of either of the relatively hot fluid and the relatively cold fluid.

Abstract: A generator which can prevent deterioration of the chilling performance and corrosion, and can provide a high degree of reliability and long service life is disclosed. The high-temperature generator comprises a combustion chamber for flowing a combustion gas therein, a first tube assembly and a second tube assembly provided in the combustion chamber each of which has a plurality of heat transfer tubes for containing liquid therein. The first tube assembly comprises a plurality of bare tubes and is arranged at an upstream of the second tube assembly. The second tube assembly comprises a plurality of finned tubes provided with fins on the outer surface thereof. The heat transfer tubes are arranged in a staggered manner in a direction of the combustion gas flow within each of the first tube assembly and the second tube assembly.