Abstract: A heat exchanger for the cooling of a gas, especially a gas containing SO.sub.2, comprises a tube bundle whose tubes, composed of lead, bridge a pair of tube sheets and can be provided with internal longitudinal ribs. According to the disclosure, the extruded cylindrical tubes are reshaped by indentations in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis. The indentations may be annular or staggered.

Abstract: The invention concerns a heat exchanger which is intended for exchanging heat between a first medium passing through a tube system and a second medium which flows around the tube system whereby the tube system comprises a plurality of tubes which are connected in parallel between an inlet and an outlet for the first medium. The tube system is enclosed in a casing which is composed of two halves, which casing is so designed that a channel is formed for the second medium from an inlet to an outlet for this second medium, said channel being formed by mutually substantially parallel parts connected with each other by means of substantially semi-circular parts. The channel comprises the tubes which form the tube system, said tubes having corresponding straight parts and semi-circular parts. The tubes, which may be provided with cross grooves, can be arranged in a direction which is perpendicular to the mean plane of the casing and can be flattened in this direction.

Abstract: Exchanger which incorporates a casing in which the heat carried by a primary fluid is transferred to a secondary fluid so as to heat the latter, the secondary fluid circulating in the tubes, whose opposite ends issue into tubular supply and discharge mains located externally of the exchanger casing and surrounding the latter at least partly, wherein each of the tubes comprises two access devices each sealed by a removable plug, while each of the access devices is located in a part of the tube positioned between the exchanger casing and the corresponding main.The present exchanger is intended more particularly for the transfer of heat between two circuits of a nuclear power station.

Abstract: A heat exchanger adapted for efficient operation alternatively as evaporator or condenser and characterized by flexible outer tube having a plurality of inner conduits and check valves sealingly disposed within the outer tube and connected with respective inlet and outlet master flow conduits and configured so as to define a parallel flow path for a first fluid such as a refrigerant when flowed in one direction and to define a serpentine and series flow path for the first fluid when flowed in the opposite direction. The flexible outer tube has a heat exchange fluid, such as water, flowed therethrough by way of suitable inlet and outlet connections. The inner conduits and check valves form a package that is twistable so as to define a spiral annular flow path within the flexible outer tube for the heat exchange fluid. The inner conduits have thin walls of highly efficient heat transfer material for transferring heat between the first and second fluids. Also disclosed are specific materials and configurations.

Abstract: This invention relates to a group of modular heat exchangers of the type having a steam chamber, a feedwater chamber, and a feedwater tube passing through the steam chamber to establish fluid communication with the feed chamber.

Abstract: A heat exchanger-tank assembly is shown for use in a solar hot water heating system. Heat exchanger tubing extends between inlet and outlet manifolds defining downwardly sloping paths wherein the heat transfer medium may circulate. The heat exchanger is completely assembled outside a tank body and then installed therein. Inlet and outlet tubes protrude through suitable openings in the tank, one of which is defined by mating semi-circular cuts in an end cap and adjacent tank rim. Both horizontal and vertical tank embodiments are shown.

Abstract: A solar collector is formed by a stack of vehicular tires for absorbing solar radiant energy. A series of conduits intercepting the upper and lower sidewall of each tire at locations spaced about 180 degrees apart couple together the hollow interiors of the tires in an air path passing angularly through each tire in two paths of about 180 degrees in length and serially from tire to tire for heat exchange purposes. A thermal energy storage medium is provided in the center of the stack which medium may be porous and switchable dampers are provided to selectively set up either a recirculating air path through the tires and the medium to transfer heat from the tires to the medium or a recirculating air path between the medium and a living space to be heated.

Abstract: Each heat-exchange bank consists of at least two groups of flat, adjacent compartments provided for the circulation of a second fluid and separated by spaces for the circulation of a first fluid. Each compartment has lateral extensions placed in identical and opposite manner in two adjacent groups. The extensions are connected respectively in each group to a common admission manifold and to a common discharge manifold for the second fluid.

Abstract: A novel heat transfer element which permits simple, low-cost conversion of energy inefficient electrically heated water heaters to energy efficient potable-water storage tanks for storing water heated by energy-efficient gas-fired water heating systems.

Abstract: A heat exchanger apparatus is disclosed comprising a heat exchanger casing having a plurality of box members suspended within the casing, with each box member having a plurality of tubular members disposed within an arrangement which permits the exchange of heat from a hot gas stream flowing outside the tubular members to a cooler gas stream flowing counter-currently within the tubular members. The heat exchanger apparatus is adapted especially for the use in high temperature nuclear reactors and is disposed within a pod in the reactor pressure vessel communicating directly with the reactor core. The suspension of the primary heat exchange components enables the achievement of excellent exchange capability with minimum stress on the exchanger apparatus as a result of thermal expansion. A method of exchanging heat from a primary cooling circuit of a high temperature reactor to an intermediate gas circuit of a heat process plant is also disclosed.

Abstract: Heat exchanger comprising at least one tube handle, communicating on the one hand with a distribution header and on the other hand with a collection header, in which at least one distribution stage consisting of a plurality of manifolds and/or a collecting stage is arranged between the tube handle and the distribution header or the collection header respectively so that one medium is stepwise divided uniformly in partial streams and/or these partial streams are uniformly united to a main stream.

Abstract: An exchanger reactor including a shell assembly having a tube bundle assembly mounted in and separate from the shell assembly. Inlet and outlet means are provided to the tube bundle assembly which includes a tube inlet chamber, a tube outlet chamber, tubes extending between the tube inlet and outlet chambers and an expansion means positioned between the inlet means to the tube bundle assembly and the inlet chamber for providing relative movement between the shell assembly and the tube bundle assembly. The shell assembly includes a shell inlet chamber and a shell outlet chamber.

Abstract: As shown in an embodiment of the invention as depicted, the heat exchanger comprises a cylindrical chamber into which, and from which heated fluid, such as the combustion gas product from a furnace, is conducted. The chamber confines therewithin a plurality of axially-extending tubes, and ducting admits ambient air to and from the tubes. Accordingly, the heated fluid and the ambient air are indirectly heat-exchanged. The chamber is fixed within an enclosure or housing, except that an axially-extending portion of the chamber is left exposed, in order that the heated-fluid input and discharge can be effected directly to and from the chamber. The housing forms a compartment alongside of the chamber, and to a given side thereof, which compartment causes the ambient air to cycle or pump through the tubes and compartment, prior to any substantial air-discharge, to generate an improved draft or current flow in the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method of decomposing pyrogenic molecules in contaminated water which is disposed within a closed water container to produce, with surprising low energy requirements, pyrogen-free water.The method comprises placing water which is suspected to contain pyrogenic material (herein called "contaminated") into a sealable pressurizable container, sealing said container, heating said sealed container to a temperature of from about 180.degree. to about 230.degree. C, preferably about 200.degree. C, to create within the container a pressure sufficient, i.e., from about 15 to about 36 atmospheres, to prevent the formation of steam in said container while destroying all pyrogens in the container. After attaining the desired temperature for a brief period, that is, about 1-10 minutes, the heat is removed and the sealed container is cooled to room temperature in any suitable fashion and the water therein is ready for use or storage within the container, as the exigencies of circumstances dictate.

Abstract: A control unit for a temperature regulating system for heating or cooling a space includes an analog network, responsive to various variable environmental factors and simulating various fixed environment or building factors, is connected to a condenser to charge it. A predetermined voltage represents the desired temperature and is measured by a voltage sensor which is connected with circuitry for calculating rapidly the time needed for the system to be "on", whereby, for example, needed heating time is determined in a fraction of the actual time.

Abstract: A heat exchanger assembly of the counterflow type having a vertically extending longitudinal configuration is constructed from a plurality of individual tube nests, with each of the nests formed of a plurality of individual tubes adapted to have a first heat exchange medium flow therethrough. The upper and lower ends of the tubes are connected to tube plates and a guide shell is provided surrounding each of the tube nests for effecting therein flow of a secondary heat exchange medium around the individual tubes of each nest. Each of the tube nests is formed by its associated guide shell and tube plates as an individual box with the boxes thus formed when viewed in a plane extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the heat exchanger assembly being arranged as a hexagonal grid.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant tubular air preheater in which combustion air is heated by heat transfer from flue gases from a furnace. The heat exchanger is of a longitudinal type having a central enclosure of rectangular cross-section in which a plurality of tubular heat transfer elements are mounted. Surrounding the central enclosure is an outer plenum. Cold combustion air enters at the bottom of the outer plenum and circulates around and up the plenum to a series of openings on top of the heat transfer elements. The partially heated combustion air then passes downwardly through metal tubes in the heat transfer elements and then passes outwardly to the furnace. The minimum temperature in metal structure enclosing the combustion gases is controlled by two means. One is the use of insulation in selected areas to limit heat transfer rate to cold air impinging upon metal surfaces.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a nuclear reactor of the cavern type comprises a double walled vessel disposed within a steel liner. The vessel contains a large number of reaction tubes provided with a catalyst through which the material to be reformed flows. The outlet pipes of the reaction tubes act as a heat exchanger in the outer space of the vessel, which is filled with water. The vessel rests upon a bracket on the lower part of the liner, and the space between the liner and vessel in the region of the bracket is sealed by a double flange structure. At the top of the vessel, seal is effected by a cover, membrane ring, and a double flange arrangement. The annular space between the liner and vessel is sealed by a packing against the recycle gas nozzle leading from the interior of the vessel.

Abstract: A tube-to-tube heat exchanger is disclosed with a thermally conductive matrix between and around the tubes to define annuli between the tubes and matrix. The annuli are filled to a level with a molten metal or alloy to provide a conductive heat transfer path from one tube through the matrix to the second tube. A matrix heat exchanger of this type is particularly useful for heat transfer between fluids which would react should one leak into the second.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between first and second gases such as for preheating the inlet air to a gas heating unit from exhaust air in which the exchanger comprises a core unit of a stack of generally planar serpentine fins each defining side-by-side gas flow passages between the adjacent side portions of the fins and means for mounting the stack of fins with some of these passages extending in one direction for a first gas and others of the passages extending generally transversely to the first gas passages for flow of the second gas in heat exchange relationship with the first gas, resilient gaskets at the edges of the unit for resiliently mounting the unit for yielding compensation for thermal dimensional changes and for sealing the gases from each other, a frame in which the unit is positioned with the frame comprising edge members engaging and bearing against the edge gaskets to apply pressure thereto and clamps for drawing the frame members together and toward the core unit to provide a rigi

Abstract: A double-flow regenerator has several separate groups of tubes each of which is used for a respective fluid heat-exchange medium. These tubes are all received in a packed housing through which fluids to be treated are passed in heat-exchange relationship with the packing in the housing through the tubes in contact with this packing. Each group of tubes terminates within the housing at each end of a plurality of separate manifold connectors. Thus the middle of the housing is provided with a plurality of manifolds for the inner end of each tubing group and the outer end is provided with a plurality of such manifolds for each group, with several such manifold connectors provided for each group for minimum variation in tube lengths within the group.

Abstract: An improved shell and tube heat exchanger is described wherein power steam for driving a turbine is reheated between successive stages of the turbine. The power steam passing through the shell is heated by heating steam passing through heating tubes, the exchanger being of the type having steam distribution elements including a main inlet header adapted to distribute heating steam to the heating tubes, a main outlet header located to collect the heating steam from the heating tubes, a plurality of pairs of inlet and outlet subheaders, feeder tubes for coupling each of the inlet and outlet subheaders to the main inlet header and main outlet header respectively, and heating tubes coupling the inlet and outlet subheaders of each pair.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved system of providing power having a unique generating means of the nuclear reactor variety adapted with a plurality of steam generators in the form of replaceable modular units of the expendable type for the attainment of the optimum in effective and efficient vaporization of fluid during the process of generating power.