Abstract: The present application relates to a structural sandwich plate member comprising first and second outer metal plates and a core of plastics or polymer material bonded to the outer metal plates and arranged to transfer shear forces there between, wherein the member further comprises: a conduit for a temperature control medium, the conduit being embedded in the core and in thermal contact with at least one of the outer metal plates.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus that extends vertically along a longitudinal axis, that cools a liquid, including: a first delta positioned at a first point along the longitudinal axis, the first delta including: a first inlet conduit for inlet liquid flow, the first inlet conduit being in fluid communication with a first inlet main, and a first outlet conduit for outlet fluid flow, the first outlet conduit being in fluid communication with the first inlet conduit and a first outlet main, and a second delta positioned at a second point along the longitudinal axis above the first delta, the second delta including: a second inlet conduit for inlet liquid flow, the second inlet conduit being in fluid communication with a second inlet main, and a second outlet conduit for outlet fluid flow, the second outlet conduit being in fluid communication with the second inlet conduit and a second outlet main.

Abstract: A vapor compression system including a heat exchanger and a heat exchanger for use in a vapor compression system, the heat exchanger including a shell (76), a hood (86), a tube bundle (78), a distributor (80), and a passageway are disclosed. The shell (76) can include an outlet (104) configured to permit passage of vapor (96) from the shell (76), the hood (86) can be configured and positioned to cover the tube bundle (78) and the distributor (80), the tube bundle (78) can extend substantially horizontally in the shell (76), the distributor (80) can be configured to apply a fluid to the tube bundle (78), and the passageway can be configured and positioned to receive vapor (96) and provide a flow path for the vapor (96) to the outlet (104).

Abstract: A modular plate and shell heat exchanger in which welded pairs of heat transfer plates are placed in the shell in order to transfer heat from a secondary fluid to a primary fluid. The heat transfer plates are removably connected using gaskets to header pipes which are connected to a primary fluid inlet and a primary fluid outlet nozzle. The header pipes are supported by a structure which rests on an internal track which is attached to the shell and facilitates removal of the heat transfer plates. The modular plate and shell heat exchanger has a removable head integral to the shell for removal of the heat transfer plates for inspection and replacement.

Abstract: A liquid-loop compound recuperator is disclosed for high-? heat exchange between a first shell-side fluid stream and a second shell-side fluid stream of similar thermal capacity rates (W/K). The compound recuperator is comprised of at least two fluid-to-liquid (FL) recuperator modules for transfer of heat from a shell-side fluid, usually a gas, to an intermediary tube-side heat transfer liquid (HTL). Each FL module includes a plurality of thermally isolated, serially connected, adjacent exchanger cores inside a pressure vessel. The cores are rows of finned tubes for cross-flow transfer of heat, and they are arranged in series to effectively achieve counterflow exchange between the HTL and the shell-side stream. The HTL may be water, an organic liquid, a molten alloy, or a molten salt.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided in which steam locking is prevent and which allows steam condensate generated in heat transfer tubes to quickly flow down into a condensate outlet chamber. The heat exchanger includes a shell (1) in which a plurality of heat transfer tubes (5) are disposed. The shell (1) has an inlet (2) for fluid to be heated through which fluid to be heated flows in and an outlet (3) for heated fluid through which heated fluid flows out. The heat transfer tubes (5) are penetratingly fixed, at their ends, to a tube plate (7). The tube plate (7) has an end face covered by partition chamber cases (8) and (9) provided with a top steam inlet (10) through which steam flows in and a bottom condensate outlet (11) through which condensate flows out.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tube-side sequentially pulsable-flow, shell-and-tube heat exchanger apparatus and a chemical processing system comprising and methods of heat exchange employing the same.

Abstract: This present invention describes a novel type of internal exchanger intended to carry out Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. This exchanger has a modular design and comprises a central tube with partitions allowing at the same time the supply of coolant to the hairpins of the module and the recovery of the partially vaporized fluid from these same hairpins.

Abstract: A heat exchanger has a shell and tube stack disposed within a shell inner chamber. A coolant chamber extends from a shell end, accommodates a portion of the tube stack, and has a sidewall that extends outwardly from the tube stack. A divider is disposed within the coolant chamber between the sidewall and tube stack, and extends axially along the chamber to the end of the shell splitting the coolant chamber into inlet and outlet coolant passages. For example, a pair of dividers are disposed within the coolant chamber and are attached to a respective sidewall surfaces. A coolant inlet and outlet is in fluid flow communication with respective inlet and outlet coolant passages. A cooling medium within the heat exchanger flows longitudinally within the inlet coolant passage along the tube stack in a direction opposite from the coolant flow path within the outlet coolant passage.

Abstract: A reactor including a reactor vessel and heat exchange tubes provided in the reactor vessel. The reactor vessel includes a tubesheet and is configured to receive a reaction fluid. The tubesheet has a first plate member configured to contact the reaction fluid and a second plate member configured to not contact the reaction fluid. Heat exchange tubes are provided in the reactor vessel and fixed to the first plate member. The heat exchange tubes are configured to receive a heat exchange medium. At least a portion of the first plate member configured to contact the reaction fluid is made of a metal that has a high corrosion-resistance against the reaction liquid, and the second plate member is made of a metal that has a low corrosion-resistance against the reaction liquid. The second plate member is detachably fixed to a remainder of the reactor vessel.

Abstract: The present invention describes a novel type of internal exchanger for a gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed reactor employing a strongly thermal reaction. Said exchanger is modular in concept and comprises a central tube with separations allowing both supply of cooling fluid to the pins of the module and collection of partially vaporized fluid from said same pins.

Abstract: A method of cooling syngas in a gasifier is provided. The method includes channeling cooling fluid through at least one platen that extends at least partially through a reaction zone of the gasifier, and circulating reactant fluid around the at least one platen to facilitate heat transfer from the reactant fluid to the cooling fluid.

Abstract: An outer shell structure surrounds a heat exchange unit formed of plates, which has first to third pairs of opposite planes. The structure has opposite end walls, opposite first walls and opposite second walls, and gap closure members. The end walls are placed on the pair of first opposite planes of the heat exchange unit. The first walls having openings are placed outside apart from the pair of second opposite planes of the heat exchange unit and connected water-tightly to edges of the end walls. The second walls having openings are placed outside apart from the pair of third opposite planes of the heat exchange unit and connected water-tightly to edges of the end walls. The gap closure members close a gap between the first walls and the heat exchange unit and a gap between the second walls and the heat exchange unit.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heat exchanger for temperature controlling and fastening of battery units of the battery of a vehicle. The heat exchanger includes flat tubes that are passable by a heat carrier and a collecting tube and distributing tube for conducting the heat carrier. The flat tubes are established as multi-channel flat tubes. The collecting tube and the distributing tube are connected to each other over the flat tubes so that a holding frame is established that provides a structure forming spaces. The spaces are provided as chambers for accommodating the battery units.

Abstract: A cooling jacket includes: a flow channel member through which a cooling medium flows, at least a part of which is in contact with an object to be cooled, and which includes a region having a channel cross-sectional area larger than that of any other region; and a projection portion which is provided at a downstream side of the region where the channel cross-sectional area is large.

Abstract: A method of cooling syngas in a gasifier is provided. The method includes channeling cooling fluid through at least one tube-bundle that includes at least three tubes coupled together within a radiant syngas cooler and extends through a reaction zone of the gasifier, and circulating reactant fluid around the at least one tube-bundle to facilitate transferring heat from the reactant fluid to the cooling fluid.

Abstract: The invention concerns a heat exchanger (1, 40) comprising: a first container body (2, 50); a first tube bundle (3, 57) arranged inside the first container body (2, 50); two tube plates (4, 51; 5, 52) for supporting the first tube bundle (3, 57); an evaporation chamber (2a) defined between the first container body (2, 50), the first tube bundle (3, 57) and the tube plates (4, 51; 5, 52); an inlet head (8, 53) and an outlet head (9, 54) communicating with each other through the first tube bundle (3, 57); an inlet way (10) and an outlet way (11) for the passage of a first fluid through the heads (8, 53; 9, 54) and the first tube bundle (3, 57); an inlet mouth (12) through which a second fluid flows into the evaporation chamber (2a). A superheating unit (20, 44) of the second fluid, associated with the first container body (2, 50), is provided.

Abstract: A heating and hot water supply apparatus is provided with a heat pump unit (2), a water storage tank (1), a heat exchanger (10) in the water tank and pipe lines (31, 32). Hot water stored in the water storage tank (1) by being guided by the pipe line (32) passes through a radiator (30) outside the water storage tank (1), then returns into the storage tank (1) by being guided by the pipe line (31) for circulation. Thus, the radiator (30) can directly use heat of large quantity hot water stored in the water storage tank (1).

Abstract: This invention is a tube bundle heat exchanger for thermophoretic deposition of aerosol particles. It has a housing with an internal chamber, and several cold and hot tubes. The cold and hot tubes are arranged in a staggered manner in the internal chamber of the housing. Low and high temperature fluids flow inside the cold and hot tubes, respectively. When the exhaust gas passes through the chamber, temperature gradient between the cold and hot tubes causes aerosol particles suspended in the exhaust gas to deposit on the surface of cold tubes to achieve the treatment of exhaust gas. Staggered arrangement of cold and hot tubes can maintain nearly constant temperature gradient in the direction of the gas flow thereby enhances the overall removal efficiency of particles.

Abstract: An elongate gas distributing tube, which extends in a longitudinal direction of a container, is accommodated within the container that constitutes a gas storage container. Discharge ports, through which the gas is discharged, are provided only on a side circumferential wall of the gas distributing tube. Therefore, the discharged gas advances while being directed toward the inner side wall of the container. The gas distributing tube is surrounded by a gas absorbing/adsorbing material. On the other hand, the gas absorbing/adsorbing material is surrounded by a mixture, which is prepared by mixing the gas absorbing/adsorbing material with a heat storage material, such that heat is absorbed by the heat storage material contained therein.

Abstract: An intercooler system and method of operation for use with an air charging system for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The intercooler system may comprise an intercooler pump for pumping a coolant through the intercooler system, a first heat exchanger that transfers heat from charged intake air to the coolant, a second heat exchanger that transfers heat from the coolant to outside air, and an intercooler coolant reservoir that contains the coolant therein. Coolant lines direct a flow of the coolant through the intercooler pump, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the intercooler coolant reservoir.

Abstract: An exhaust heat exchanger for an exhaust gas recirculation system, including a first flow path for the intake air for an internal combustion engine, a second flow path for the exhaust of an internal combustion engine, and a housing enclosing the first and second flow paths. The first and second flow paths are each divided into a plurality of flow channels in heat-conducting, metallically connected contact with each other, and the flow channels include elements promoting heat exchange between the flow channels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the thermal conductive fluids in temperature difference reversely transported by the first fluid piping and second fluid piping in parallel or quasi-parallel arrangement on the same end side to produce heat absorbing or dissipating function onto the passively heat dissipation or absorption receiving article or space thereby forming a more uniform temperature distribution status on the heat absorbing or dissipating body (100) or the passively heat dissipation or absorption receiving article or space (200).

Abstract: In a heat exchanger in which the number of parts is small, assembling is easy, bonded portions of each part are fewer and reliability of brazing is improved, a core body is constituted by turning up and bending a strip-shaped metal plate in a fanfold manner, and first flow passages and second flow passages are formed alternately in the thickness direction. Both ends of each of the first flow passages are blocked by each come tooth of a pair of comb-state members, and a fin is set within the second flow passages so as to constitute a core. And in the heat exchanger in which a cylindrical casing is fitted with the outer periphery of the core body, the comb-state member has its tooth base crossing perpendicularly with each of the comb tooth and a root of each comb tooth bent in the L-shape along the tooth base, the plane of the tooth base is brought into contact with a turned-up end edge, and each connection portion between the comb-state member and the core body is integrally brazed/fixed.

Abstract: A device for heat transfer, particularly in fluidized bed equipment. Several layers of heat exchanger tubes are provided, with radial arms mounted in between to mix and loosen the product. In addition, a process is disclosed for heat transfer in high-temperature processes for bulk material, particularly granulates or powders, in fluidized bed units, where the heat is transferred to and absorbed by the fluidized bed on several levels, and by the fluidized bulk material being agitated mechanically between these levels. This allows transfer of high energy densities without the risk of bridging or local overheating.

Abstract: This invention is structured by: forming a core body by turning-up a strip-shaped metal plate in fanfold manner to create a large number of flat flow passages; blocking the individual flow passages at both ends thereof using the respective comb teeth of a pair of comb-state members; and fitting the casing to the core body, while providing inlet/outlet port of the fluid at a side face of the casing. The object of the invention is to establish uniform communication of the fluid in individual flat flow passages.

Abstract: A method of cooling syngas in a gasifier is provided. The method includes channeling cooling fluid through at least one tube-bundle that includes at least three tubes coupled together within a radiant syngas cooler and extends through a reaction zone of the gasifier, and circulating reactant fluid around the at least one tube-bundle to facilitate transferring heat from the reactant fluid to the cooling fluid.

Abstract: A condenser comprises a high pressure side condenser, a high pressure side cooling tube bank, a high pressure side hot well, a low pressure side condenser, a low pressure side cooling tube bank, a pressure shroud provided inside the low pressure side condenser, a low pressure side hot well, high pressure steam introducing portion, low pressure side condensate introducing portion, a flash box which communicates with at least one of the high pressure side hot well and the low pressure side hot well, flashes a heater drain from a feed water heater, and urges at least one of the high pressure side hot well and the low pressure side hot well to recover the flashed heater drain, and a flash steam path which introduces flash steam generated inside the flash box into at least one of the high pressure side hot well and the low pressure side hot well.

Abstract: A micro-channel heat exchanger suited for use in large-area cold plates includes a heat transfer member having winding micro-channels, a manifold, and a cover plate. The micro-channels' winding design is defined by a nonlinear flow axis that may include a plurality of short pitch and small amplitude undulations, which cause the flow to change directions, as well as two or more large amplitude bends that cause the flow to reverse direction. In low flow per unit area applications, the winding micro-channels allow a user to customize the pressure drop to promote good flow distribution, to achieve improved heat transfer uniformity, and to enable the pressure drop to remain above the bubble point of the heat transfer structure to prevent gas blockage. The winding micro-channels also improve the heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, particularly an exhaust gas heat exchanger, for transferring heat in two stages between a first fluid and a second and third fluid that have different temperatures is provided. The heat exchanger comprises a block for separately conducting the first as well as the second and third fluid in a heat transferring manner. The block encompasses a number of ducts through which the first fluid can flow, a first chamber of a high-temperature part, through which the second fluid can flow and which accommodates the ducts, a second chamber of a low-temperature part, through which the third fluid flows and which accommodates the ducts, and a housing in which the first and second chamber as well as the ducts are arranged. Thus, a two-stage heat exchanger is provided at a low cost and keeps leakage between the high-temperature part and the low-temperature part low. Whereby the first chamber and the second chamber are separated from one another by means of a separation area that is mounted in a groove.

Abstract: A particle monitor (1) including a module (3) for measuring a particle content of a sample, the module including an analysis chamber (4) for receipt of the sample and a heating unit (24) for maintaining an operating temperature of the chamber (4) and for heating the air used for purging the sample from the chamber (4). The invention also relates to a particle monitor (1) with a vibrator assembly (6) and to a particle monitor (1) with a valve assembly (8) for effecting a fast purge mode, for clearing a sample tube (5), and a slow purge mode.

Abstract: A coolant-conducting element with an enclosed, linearly extending hollow profiled body, having an exterior wall with a multitude of access openings spaced apart from each other in a longitudinal direction and open or closed but can be opened, toward a conduit arrangement located in the interior. The conduit arrangement has an inflow conduit and an outflow conduit to each of which a number of access openings are assigned. A coolant-conducting arrangement with such a coolant-conducting element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger including a stack of flat tubes for gas and a housing for the stack of flat tubes, with the housing enclosing only part of the periphery of the flat tube stack. The tubes have wide and narrow sides and are spaced to form channels therebetween for flow of a coolant. Cross-sectional widenings along the length of the tubes assist in maintaining the flat tubes in a spaced condition along the periphery not enclosed by the housing, and close the channels along the tube stack periphery not enclosed by the housing.

Abstract: An intercooler assembly includes a housing that defines an internal space containing a plurality of tubes. A joint between a tube and a tube plate is created by a laser welding process. A form presses the walls of the tube outwardly to form the flange. The downward force of the form not only creates the desired flange, but also exerts a pressure that holds the flange against the tube plate. The form provides for the transmission of laser energy to that the creation of the flange can be performed concurrently with the welding process.

Abstract: A panel assembly for exchanging heat with an ambient environment maintains minimal temperature differential by virtue of operation as a heat pipe apparatus. Panels of a composite material having excellent structural strength and structural stiffness but comparatively modest thermal conductivity are machined as mirror images of one another. Two orthogonal arrays of parallel channels are machined in the faces of two panels, each intersection of channels forming and bounded by pedestals having a lower, broader base with a narrower upper portion extending from a shoulder of the base portion of the pedestals. The pedestals, in turn, form the bounds of the channels, each having a deeper and a narrower aspect extending along the bases of all the pedestals. Channels have a broader aspect extending along near the tops of the pedestals.

Abstract: A low-cost, high-temperature heat exchanger is made from a notched piece of metal, the metal being folded back and forth upon itself to form a monolith. The notches in the metal piece create openings, communicating with distinct sides of the monolith. Ducts are attached to the openings. Cut pieces of corrugated metal, which may have a catalyst coating, are inserted between folds of the monolith. The heat exchanger may be used as part of a fuel cell system, or in other industrial applications, to recover waste heat, or to conduct various catalytic and non-catalytic reactions. The invention also includes an element, or building block, for a high-temperature heat exchanger, including a folded metal monolith with metal combs inserted, the monolith and the combs defining seams which are hermetically sealed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plate package for a heat exchanger device including a tank with an inner space and an inner wall surface. A sectional plane (p) extends vertically through the inner space. The tank has an inlet for the supply of a liquid medium and an outlet for discharging the medium in a gaseous state. The inner space defines a lower part space and an upper part space. The plate package (10) with heat exchanger plates (11) is provided in the inner space. Each heat exchanger plate has an extension plane perpendicular to the sectional plane. The heat exchanger plates form first plate interspaces that are open towards the inner space for recirculation of the medium, and second plate interspaces, which are closed towards the inner space for the recirculation of a fluid for evaporating the medium. Each heat exchanger plate includes a first porthole (14) and a second porthole (15).

Abstract: A trap for recovering heat energy from a liquid has a chamber 7 with an internal baffle wall 45-48. An upper chamber opening 9 and a weir at an inlet end 13 of a discharge conduit 11 are on opposite sides of the baffle wall. Liquid fed into the chamber via the upper opening flows downward and under the baffle wall before flowing upward and over the weir to be discharged from the chamber through the discharge conduit. A second liquid flows through a heat exchange conduit 17-24. One preferred embodiment has a concentric arrangement of a plurality of cylindrical baffle walls alternating with a plurality of cylindrical chambers of the heat exchange conduit. A corresponding method of heat recovery is also claimed. In one preferred application, the trap is fitted into the base or floor tray of a shower for recovery of heat energy from waste shower water.

Abstract: A thermal energy exchanger for a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning system is disclosed, the thermal energy exchanger includes a phase change material disposed therein, whereby the phase change material is at least one of encapsulated by a thermally conductive material and impregnated with a thermally conductive material.

Abstract: Catalyst withdrawal apparatuses and methods for regulating catalyst inventory in one or more units are provided. In one embodiment, a catalyst withdrawal apparatus for removing catalyst from a FCC unit includes a vessel coupled to a flow control circuit. Another embodiment of a catalyst withdrawal apparatus includes a vessel, a delivery line, and control valve. The control valve is configured to control the amount of gas to the delivery line and entrained with the catalyst. Another embodiment of catalyst withdrawal apparatus includes a vessel coupled to a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger includes a first conduit; a housing confining a coolant volume around a portion of the first conduit; and a sliding seal sealing the housing to the first conduit in manner that allows longitudinal expansion. A fluid catalyst cracking system coupled to a catalyst withdrawal apparatus and method for withdrawing catalyst from a unit are also disclosed.

Abstract: A flat tube for a heat exchanger having a stack of such flat tubes. The flat tube has a plurality of spaced-apart dimples formed on each of its opposite faces. At least some of the dimples on each face have an elongate plan shape, at least some of the elongate dimples being obliquely oriented such that their major axes form oblique angles with a longitudinal axis of the tube. The obliquely oriented elongate dimples are positioned such that when two of the tubes are stacked, the obliquely oriented elongate dimples on opposing faces of the tubes contact one another and the major axes of each contacting pair of elongate dimples are non-parallel to each other. Each contacting pair of elongate dimples of adjacent tubes thus forms a “cross” or “X”.

Abstract: A shell and tube heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes positioned inside a shell. A first type of tube has a first outer surface, and a second type of tube has a second outer surface, where the first outer surface is different than the second outer surface. The inner surface of the first type of tube is in liquid communication with the inner surface of the second type of tube, so fluid can flow between the inner surfaces of the different tube types.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat exchanger for fluids, particularly hydraulic oil, comprising a housing (1) in which fluid ducts (4) and coolant ducts (5) alternate and which is equipped with an inlet (8) for hot fluid, an outlet for cooled fluid as well as an inlet and an outlet (10) for the coolant. An internal cylinder chamber (7) that is lined by a fluid filter (13) on the circumference thereof is provided inside the housing. The delivered hot fluid or the discharged cooled fluid is fed into or discharged from the fluid ducts via said fluid filter (13).

Abstract: The present invention concerns an isothermal reactor (1) comprising a pressure vessel (2) closed at the opposite ends by respective bottoms (3, 4), a reaction zone (9) in said pressure vessel (2) in which at least one catalytic basket (10) is positioned, and at least one heat exchange unit (13) embedded in said at least one catalytic basket (10), each heat exchange unit (13) comprising a plurality of heat exchangers (14) each having an inner chamber intended to be crossed by an operating heat exchange fluid, the reactor being characterised in that it comprises means (17, 18) for picking up samples of operating heat exchange fluid from groups (16) of pre-established exchangers in each heat exchange unit (13), so as to ascertain the possible existence of damaged exchangers (14) in said groups (16) of exchangers through analysis of respective samples of operating heat exchange fluid.

Abstract: An exhaust gas heat exchanger for a cogeneration system is disclosed. In the exhaust gas heat exchanger, a heat exchanger cover is arranged around a heat exchanger body such that a primary heat medium passage, through which a heat medium passes, is defined between the heat exchanger cover and the heat exchanger body. In the heat exchanger body, a heat medium tube forming a secondary heat medium passage, through which the heat medium emerging from the primary heat medium passage passes, is arranged. Accordingly, the heat medium primarily absorbs heat from the exhaust gas while passing through the primary heat medium passage, and then secondarily absorbs heat from the exhaust gas while passing through the secondary heat medium passage. As a result, an enhancement in heat exchanging efficiency is achieved.

Abstract: A floor care appliance includes a nozzle assembly having a suction inlet, a canister assembly, a dirt collection vessel carried on the canister assembly, a suction generator carried on the canister assembly and a wand assembly connecting the nozzle assembly with the canister assembly. The wand assembly includes an inlet connected to the nozzle assembly, an outlet connected to the canister assembly and a conduit defining an air path between the inlet and the outlet. A heat sink carried on the wand assembly is provided in communication with the air path in the conduit. An electronic control is connected to the heat sink.

Abstract: A steam heat exchanger includes a steam heating pipe with a condensation pipe part and a sensible heat pipe part provided on the lower side of the condensation pipe part. In the condensation pipe part, a liquid is heated by latent heat. The drain discharge capacity in a steam trap or an orifice disposed on the drain discharge side equals the amount of condensation at the service temperature of the steam heat exchanger. Condensed water produced after the heat exchange in the condensation pipe part enters the sensible heat pipe part on the downstream side to hold the sensible heat pipe part in a water sealed state. In this sensible heat pipe part, the liquid is heated by sensible heat. Heat exchange efficiency is improved by using latent and sensible heat, the amount of steam used can be reduced, and the load of a steam generation source can be reduced.

Abstract: Systems and methods freeze food products. A system provides a storage tank of liquefied gas, a gas-liquid separation tank, and a crust freezer. The crust freezer provides plates chilled by flow of liquefied gas through conduits traversing an interior volume of the plates. The method includes recirculating liquefied gas to improve cooling efficiency while lowering operation costs. The system and method further provide for integrated measurement and control of the flow of liquefied gas through components of the system. Freezing of the food products occurs at a surface of the food products along where the food products and the plate interface.

Abstract: A thermal device for heat exchange between a substance in solid state and a substance in liquid state comprising a housing formed by two heat conducting plates disposed in parallel wherein wire-made grid-like 3-dimensional bracing is disposed between said plates and adapted to provide turbulent flow of said substance in liquid state; wires of said bracing are mechanically connected together and to said plates. A thermal device for heat exchange between a substance in solid state and a substance in gaseous state. A heat pipe container having a working fluid enclosed therein, said container formed by two heat conducting plates disposed in parallel against each other and sealed along their perimeter; said container having a capillary microchannel system for reversible fluid-gas circulation, wherein said capillary microchannel system is formed by wire-made grid-like 3-dimensional bracing disposed between said plates; wires of said bracing are mechanically connected together and to said plates.

Abstract: A cooling device is proposed that can be produced by the diecasting process, and which has a heat-transfer unit surrounded by an outer shell, wherein a jacket through which coolant flows is formed between the heat-transfer unit and the outer shell, said jacket is subdivided by webs in such a way that a passage through which coolant flows is formed between the outer shell and the outer casing of the heat-transfer unit. To this end, the webs are arranged in such a way that this circulating flow is effected in a meander shape. Compared with a spiral flow, this results in degrees of freedom with regard to the arrangement of the coolant inlets and coolant outlets. Furthermore, such cooling devices can be produced and assembled in a cost-effective manner and have a high efficiency.