Abstract: A plate-shaped heat exchanger (20, 120) for a heat exchange unit (40) of a chemical reactor (60), that advantageously presents a thermal insulation obtained in an unusually simple and reliable manner, has a substantially flattened box-like structure (22), with a substantially parallelepiped, rectangular configuration, defining an internal chamber (24), and comprises an inlet connection (28) and an outlet connection (29) of a heat exchange operating fluid into and from said chamber (24), and a distributor pipe (10, 110) of said operating fluid inside said chamber (24), extended in said structure (22) at a long side (22a) of it, said distributor pipe (10, 110) comprising a first tube (30, 130) and a second tube (32, 132), positioned one inside the other, between said tubes, respectively external tube (30) and internal tube (32, 132), an interspace (30a) being defined in fluid communication, on one side, with said chamber (24) through a plurality of openings (26) provided in the external tube (30, 130) of said d

Abstract: A liquid-vapor separating method and a liquid-vapor separating type evaporator, the method includes the following steps: (i) provide a partition device (3) in the upper portion of the evaporated liquid pipe, the partition device (3) divides the evaporated liquid pipe into a superheating section (12) and an evaporating section (13); (ii) a liquid-vapor separating pipe (4) is connected to the superheating section (12) near the partition device (3), an evaporated liquid feeding pipe (6) is connected to the evaporating section (13) near the partition device (3), several vapor guiding pipes (5) are respectively provided in the pipe of the evaporating section (13), the vapor guiding pipes (5) are respectively connected with the liquid-vapor separating pipe (4); vapor inside the pipe can flow out, and is separated into vapor and liquid in the liquid-vapor separating pipe (4), then the vapor enters the superheating section (12) and is superheated; the superheated vapor is discharged from a vapor outlet (11); (iii) th

Abstract: A heat pump type hot water supply apparatus includes a heat-source side heat pump unit 2 for heating water, a hot water tank 1 for storing therein hot water heated by the heat-source side heat pump unit 2, and a hot water supply heat exchanger 10 which is placed in the hot water tank 1 and in which water flows from lower side toward upper side of interior thereof. There is provided a difference between heat exchange performance of a lower-stage side portion 10b and heat exchange performance of an upper-stage side portion 10a of the hot water supply heat exchanger 10.

Abstract: A compact shell and coil heat exchanger is disclosed that accommodates widely differing volumetric flowrates between the two fluids undergoing heat exchange. Multiple co-coiled helical coils of tubing are concentrically arranged, and coil spacers are provided which maintain the tubes in overall staggered alignment, as illustrated in FIG. 1. Uniformly high transfer coefficients are maintained throughout the bundle of coils via means for ensuring that the tube-side flow through the tubes of each coil, and the shell-side flow across each coil, are kept proportional to the tube surface area of each coil.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a gas boiler for producing hot water is provided with a casing extending along a first axis and through which combustion fumes flow; a tube along which water flows, and which is housed inside casing, and coils about the first axis to form a helix having a succession of turns; and deflecting means for directing the fumes between successive turns of a first helix portion in a first direction and between successive turns of a second helix portion in a second direction opposite to first direction; the tube forming the turns of the first helix portion has a first cross section and the tube forming the turns of the second helix portion has a second cross section different from the first cross section.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises a casing, within which there is present a first pipe wound in a spiral, in which a first fluid flows, the casing being designed to receive a second fluid that is in heat-exchange relationship with the first fluid. The heat exchanger further comprises at least one second pipe wound in a spiral, which connects, in parallel to the first pipe, two gaps formed in the casing, the spiralled pipes being arranged in a coaxial way and at a distance from one another, and having different sections of passage.

Abstract: A compact heat exchanger for interchanging thermal energy between at least two fluids, one of which fluids may be a refrigerant in hot or cold form or in a liquid/vapor phase, and another of which fluids is a thermal transfer fluid. The heat exchanger may incorporate an internal heating element. The thermal transfer fluid is transported between two concentric metal tubes, while the refrigerant moves along a tubing helically wrapped about or between the tubes and is in thermal contact therewith.

Abstract: A micro-channel heat exchanger suited for use in large-area cold plates includes a heat transfer member having winding micro-channels, a manifold, and a cover plate. The micro-channels' winding design is defined by a nonlinear flow axis that may include a plurality of short pitch and small amplitude undulations, which cause the flow to change directions, as well as two or more large amplitude bends that cause the flow to reverse direction. In low flow per unit area applications, the winding micro-channels allow a user to customize the pressure drop to promote good flow distribution, to achieve improved heat transfer uniformity, and to enable the pressure drop to remain above the bubble point of the heat transfer structure to prevent gas blockage. The winding micro-channels also improve the heat transfer coefficient.

Abstract: A coiled heat exchanger having a plurality of tubes which are wound around a core tube is disclosed. The coiled heat exchanger having a casing which delimits an outer space around the tubes, and wherein a first and a second component of the coiled heat exchanger are composed of different materials.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus for transferring heat are disclosed. They make use of the first receptacle having an inlet for ingress of the first liquid, such as sewage, and an outlet for egress of the first liquid. Also provided is a second receptacle having an inlet for ingress of the second liquid, such as exhausted heated water from an air conditioning or cooling unit, and an outlet for egress of the second liquid. The second receptacle comprises a portion located in a proximity of the first receptacle. The first and second receptacles are arranged such that they allow a quantity of heat to transfer from the second liquid to the first liquid. The apparatus may be configured for inline connection to a sewerage main.

Abstract: In a temperature control device, a plurality of screening cylinders each having a different diameter are concentrically arranged within a liquid tank to concentrically form a plurality of layered channels which are communicated to define a circulation passage through which constant-temperature fluid flows. A heat transfer tube through which liquid chemical flows is disposed in any one of the channels such that heat exchange between the liquid chemical and the constant-temperature fluid is performed via the heat transfer tube for controlling temperatures of the liquid chemical.

Abstract: An EGR cooler is provided which is satisfactorily applicable to a diesel engine with no substantial lowering in performance. With respect to the EGR cooler which is provided with tubes 3 and a shell 1 enclosing the tubes 3, cooling water 9 being supplied to and discharged from the shell 1, exhaust gas 10 being guided from a diesel engine into the tubes 3 to be heat exchanged with the cooling water 9, an inner periphery of each of the tubes 3 is formed with three streaks of spiral protrusions 12, 13 and 14 running without crossing and with phases peripherally shifted to each other, a pitch P ratio (P/D) of each of the spiral protrusions 12, 13 and 14 to an inner diameter D of each of the tubes 3 being 2.0-4.0, a ridge height H ratio (H/D) of each of the spiral protrusions 12, 13 and 14 to the inner diameter D of each of the tubes 3 being 0.1-0.2.

Abstract: A coiled heat exchanger having a plurality of tubes, which are helically coiled around a core tube in one or more concentric layers of tubes and form a bundle in the form of a hollow cylinder, and also having a shell, which delimits an outer space around the tubes, is disclosed. It is formed in such a way that, during operation, heat is transferred between at least two fluid streams, one of which flows through the interior of the tubes and the other of which flows through the outer space. At least one elastic component that does not transfer heat and comprises a metallic material is arranged inside the shell and radially outside the bundle.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hybrid combustor, such as an anode tailgas oxidizer (ATO), for fuel processing applications which combines both flame and catalytic type burners. The hybrid combustor of the present invention combines the advantages of both flame and catalytic type burners. The flame burner component of the hybrid combustor is used during start-up for the preheating of the catalytic burner component. As soon as the catalytic burner bed is preheated or lit off, the flame burner will be shut off. Optionally, the hybrid combustor may also include an integrated heat recovery unit located downstream of the catalytic burner for steam generation and for the preheating of the feed for a reformer, such as an autothermal reformer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a coil comprising a first helical tube segment (511) and a second helical tube segment (512, 513) extending, parallel to the first helical segment (511), between a distributor (53) and a manifold (54), said first and second helical segments (511, 512, 513) being centred on a common geometrical axis (X5), with substantially the same bending radius (R1) and nested, such that they form together a globally cylindrical bundle (51). The method comprises a step which consists in interleaving the helical tube segments (511-513) so as to form a globally cylindrical bundle. The invention also concerns a reactor equipped with such a coil which can be used for treating a viscous medium or for carrying out chemical reactions, such as 6-6 polyamide polymerization.

Abstract: A spirally wound tube heat exchanger 10 article that receives a heat exchange fluid and its method of manufacture. In one embodiment, the exchanger 10 has one or more spirally-wound layers 12 of a tube 14. In some embodiments, the layers are circular, oval or rectangular with radiused corners. An elongate spacer member 24 has forwardly 26 and rearwardly 28 facing edges. Defined within those edges are engagement surfaces 30 that detachably retain the tube 14.

Abstract: A heat exchanging device includes a receptacle having a chamber for receiving a fluid medium, a housing received within the receptacle and having an outer peripheral wall arranged to allow the fluid medium to flow into the housing via the upper portion of the outer peripheral wall, and having an inner peripheral wall having a lower portion directed toward the lower portion of the receptacle. A circulating device may circulate the fluid medium to flow from the upper portion of the housing and then toward the lower portion of the receptacle. A coil is arranged to have a fluid material to flow in a direction opposite to that of the fluid medium, to allow the fluid medium to transmit and to release heat to the fluid material.

Abstract: An air cooler for power plants comprising a pressure vessel, in which is accommodated a coaxial arrangement containing a cylindrical central tube, a helical tube bundle surrounding the central tube and a cylindrical casing surrounding the tube bundle. The central tube extends, at one end of the coaxial arrangement, into a first space adjacent to the tube bundle and closed off outwardly by the casing. The central tube can be acted upon by air from outside the pressure vessel, via an air inlet connection piece, at the other end of the coaxial arrangement through a space adjacent to the tube bundle. Water can be fed into the tube bundle from an end of the coaxial arrangement and steam can be extracted from the tube bundle.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes at least two tube sections wound helically to form a spiral and are arranged in an interlacing manner inside one another for guiding a heat transfer fluid. The heat exchanger includes a first tube section helically wound to form a first spiral. The first tube section is for guiding a first heat transfer fluid and a second tube section is helically wound to form a second spiral, the first spiral and the second spiral being arranged in an interlacing manner inside one another and being connected to one another.

Abstract: A wound heat exchanger is disclosed. The heat exchanger includes a plurality of tubes which are wound in several concentric tube layers about a central tube, and a container cover which defines an external chamber about the tube. A first anti-drumming wall is shaped as a cylinder cover or a cylinder cover segment and is arranged on the external side of a first layer of tubes.

Abstract: A heat exchanger apparatus enables the temperature of a liquid located external to the apparatus in a recirculation loop to be controlled by heat transfer within the apparatus. A manifold fitting is also provided for distributing fluid from multiple conduits to a single conduit.

Abstract: A coiled heat exchanger having a plurality of tubes which are wound around a core tube is disclosed. The heat exchanger having a casing which delimits an outer space around the tubes, where the tubes of a first tube group have a first inner diameter and a first outer diameter and the tubes of a second tube group have a second inner diameter and a second outer diameter. The second inner diameter is different from the first inner diameter and/or the second outer diameter is different from the first outer diameter.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling a high temperature gas leaving a reaction unit/device, including a coupling element to the reaction unit/device, a gas transportation and cooling pipe, and a covering shell.

Abstract: In devices known in the art, “conventional firetube” and “waste heat recovery” boilers each require many small tubes making successive passes within the boiler. In one embodiment of the invention, however, an enhanced conduit replaces numerous conventional small tubes. In some embodiments, the enhanced conduit incorporates a plurality of fins, each of which extends through a wall of the conduit. In other embodiments, the enhanced conduit incorporates a plurality of tubes along its outer surface, through which a heat transfer medium flows. Both designs enhance the heat transfer relationship between the hot fluid and the heat transfer medium by providing a continuous heat transfer relationship with the heat transfer medium, increasing the surface area involved in the heat transfer relationship and enhancing convection/conduction couples. For some applications, all of the tube banks of other devices in the art can be replaced by one continuous enhanced conduit.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a gas boiler for producing hot water is provided with a casing extending along a first axis and through which combustion fumes flow; a tube along which water flows, and which is housed inside casing, and coils about the first axis to form a helix having a succession of turns; and deflecting means for directing the fumes between successive turns of a first helix portion in a first direction and between successive turns of a second helix portion in a second direction opposite to first direction; the tube forming the turns of the first helix portion has a first cross section and the tube forming the turns of the second helix portion has a second cross section different from the first cross section.

Abstract: A comb-like insert having a body and plurality of tapered fingers is installed with its fingers disposed within respective minichannels. The fingers and their respective minichannels are so sized as to restrict the channels and frictionally hold the insert in place in one dimension while providing for gaps in another dimension such that the flow of refrigerant is somewhat obstructed but allowed to pass through the gaps between the insert fingers and the minichannel walls and then expand as it passes along the tapered fingers to thereby provide a more homogenous mixture to the individual minichannels. A provision is also made to hold the insert in its installed position by way of internal structure within the inlet manifold. In one embodiment, an internal plate is provided for that purpose, and the plate has openings formed therein for the equalization of pressure on either side thereof.

Abstract: A zone-control unit for use in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, the zone-control unit includes a heat exchanger, an inlet piping assembly coupled with the heat exchanger for supplying fluid to the heat exchanger, an outlet piping assembly coupled with the heat exchanger for receiving fluid from the heat exchanger, a bracket that maintains the inlet piping assembly and the outlet piping assembly in positional relationship, and an ancillary component coupled with the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Process to cool hot gas by passing the hot gas through a tube having a main tubular part and an upstream tubular part, wherein (i) the exterior of main tubular part is cooled by an evaporating liquid cooling medium flowing freely around said tube, (ii) the upstream tubular part is cooled by passing fresh liquid cooling medium and a defined part of the liquid cooling medium of activity (i) along the exterior of the upstream end of the tube and (iii) wherein the mixture of fresh cooling medium and the defined part of the liquid medium after being used to cool the upstream tubular part is used in activity (i) as cooling medium.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (10) has an outer housing (16) and a first helical fluid flow path or coil (12) located in the housing (16) defining a plurality of turns and having an inlet (24) and an outlet (22) for entry and exit of fluid into the flow path to be heated or cooled. A second helical coil (14) defining a second fluid flow path is located within the housing (16) adjacent to the first coil. The second coil also has an inlet (24) and outlet (22) for a passage for hot or cold service media. A conductive or non-conductive sheath (18) is disposed between the coils. A transfer medium is disposed in the housing for transfer of heat between the first and second flow paths. A plurality of baffles (20) are located between the outer housing and sheath and disposed between turns of the first coil. A plurality of baffles (21) are also disposed between turns of the second coil (14).

Abstract: A pump-free water-cooling system is provided wherein external power supply is not involved; heat can be transported in any direction; and high reliability and low thermal resistance are ensured.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a turn-fin condenser. The turn-fin condenser employs a turn-fin tube adhesively wound in a spiral shape around an outer surface of the tube in which refrigerant flows. The condenser comprises a coil type turn-fin tube 10 wound in a coil shape and fixed by inner and outer brackets 20 and 30 surrounding an outer peripheral surface of the coil type turn-fin tube, a motor 40 positioned in an inner space formed by the coil type turn-fin tube 10, a blowing fan 50 for taking ambient air in the coil type turn-fin tube 10 after being driven by the motor 40, and a tube wall 80 spirally wound with tube 11 extending out of the inner and outer brackets 20 and 30 at the rear side of the coil type turn-fin tube 10. The turn-fin condenser is easily manufactured and allows a greater quantity of air contact with turn-fins, thereby enhancing heat exchange efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for cooling charge air, comprising the steps of cooling at least one cooling agent conduit with a cooling agent (Step 401), flowing thermally charged air through a plurality of charge air conduits positioned in proximity to the at least one cooling agent conduit (Step 402), circulating ambient air to contact the cooled at least one cooling agent conduit whereby the ambient air is cooled (Step 403), and circulating the cooled ambient air to contact the plurality of charge air conduits whereby the plurality of charge air cooler conduits are cooled further cooling the thermally charged air present within (Step 404).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat exchanger for transferring heat from one fluid to another fluid, comprising a plurality of metallic tube continuously formed into four discrete helically wound coils, each coil having at least four turns, the coils being spatially placed such that axis of all the four helical coils of each bank are substantially in one common plane, the axis of each helical coil is at an angle of 90° to the adjacent helical coil, wherein number of banks is from 2 to 10 and ratio of diameter of the helical coil to the diameter of the tube is at least 10:1.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for cooling charge air, comprising the steps of introducing a cooling agent into at least one cooling agent conduit whereby the at least one cooling agent conduit is cooled (Step 401), flowing thermally charged air through a plurality of charge air conduits positioned in proximity to the at least one cooling agent conduit (Step 402), directing ambient air to contact the cooled at least one cooling agent conduit whereby the ambient air is cooled (Step 403), and directing the cooled ambient air to contact the plurality of charge air conduits whereby the plurality of charge air cooler conduits are cooled further cooling the thermally charged air present within (Step 404).

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided for dissipating heat from a fluid. The heat exchanger includes a plurality of stacked pairs of plates. Each pair of plates includes a first plate and a second plate. The first plate extends along a first axis and has first and second sides. The first side of the first plate has a generally sinusoidal recess therein that extends along the first axis. The second plate extends along a second axis and has first and second sides. The first side of the second plate has a generally sinusoidal recess therein that extends along the second axis and that is out of phase with the sinusoidal recesses in the first side of the first plate. The first side of the first plate and the first side of the second plate form a mating relationship with each other such that the recess in the first side of the first plate communicates with the recess in the first side of the second plate at a plurality of axially spaced locations.

Abstract: An exchange apparatus comprised of hollow thermoplastic tubes infusion bonded into a thermoplastic material is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment the hollow tubes are shaped by plaiting the tubes into cords and then thermally annealing the cords to set the crests and bends of the plait. The cords provide improved flow distribution of fluid about the hollow tube tubes in the exchange apparatus. The exchange apparatus is chemically inert and is useful for cross flow filtration, as well as heat and mass transfer in harsh chemical environments.

Abstract: A heat transfer apparatus, such as a condenser, is provided. The apparatus includes a first component with a first heat transfer element that has first component inlet and outlet ports through which a first fluid may pass. A second component is also included and likewise has a second heat transfer element with second component inlet and outlet ports to pass a second fluid. The first component has a body that can receive a third fluid for heat transfer with the first heat transfer element. The first and second components are releasably attachable with one another so that when attached both the first and second heat transfer elements effect heat transfer with the third fluid. Attachment and removal of the first and second components allows for the heat transfer rate of the apparatus to be varied. An associated method is also provided.

Abstract: A heat exchanger that can mechanically automatically control a level of cooling water according to heat generation of the fuel cell. The heat exchanger includes a housing having a cooling water inlet and an outlet connected to a fuel cell stack, a moving plate which moves reciprocally in the housing and discharges cooling water filled in the housing to the stack when it moves in a one direction and when it receives a steam pressure from the stack it moves in an opposite direction, and an elastic member that applies a force to the moving plate in the one direction. The heat exchanger can automatically maintain the level of cooling water despite a difference in heat generated between a full and a partial load operation of the fuel cell obviating complicated electronics such as a thermo-sensor, a valve, or a controller. Also, under a partial load, the exposure of flow channels to superheated steam is avoided, thereby extending the lifetime of the fuel cell.

Abstract: Addressed is a heat exchanger including a housing having an internal wall defining at least one internal chamber incorporating at least one core having a wall defining in the chamber, with the internal wall of the housing across from it, at least one exchange cavity including at least one tubular hollow coil having ends passing through the housing to make it possible for it to be supplied with a primary fluid, at least one inlet and at least one outlet that are axially opposite for circulation of a secondary liquid in the exchange cavity in contact with each coil and at least one tangential spreader rib, extending in projection with respect to a wall across from the coil and not parallel to the axial circulation direction, but adapted in order not to inhibit the circulation of the secondary liquid. The thermal exchanger includes at least one tangential helical rib and at least one coil having different winding directions.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for a solid-oxide fuel cell assembly. A plurality of parallel tubes conveys fuel cell stack exhaust gas from a first manifold means to a second manifold means. The tubes are highly corrugated to increase the wall area and decrease the wall thickness. The tubes are disposed in a jacket through which is passed incoming air to be heated. The tubes may be linear between two manifolds, or they may be curved such that the first and second manifold functions are accommodated within a single component.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for conditioning the temperature of a fluid by utilizing a thermoplastic heat exchanger (50) comprised of a plurality of hollow tubes. The apparatus controls the temperature of a process fluid inside the heat exchanger (50) via a controller (46) by adjustment of a control valve (64) that regulates the flow of an exchange fluid. The apparatus can be used to maintain the temperature of a chemical bath (12) and also to prepare discreet dispensed volumes of temperature controlled liquid.

Abstract: A heat exchanger extracts heat from a two-phase fluid coolant so that the coolant changes from a vapor state to a liquid state. Two valves have respective inlets which communicate with the coolant in the heat exchanger, and which are physically spaced from each other. Valve control structure responds to the presence of liquid at the inlet to either valve by opening that valve, so that the liquid coolant flows through the valve to a discharge section. A different feature involves a housing with a heat exchanger therein, the heat exchanger having a plurality of coolant conduits that are axially spaced. A flow of air travels axially within the housing, then flows transversely past the conduits to the other side thereof, and then resumes flowing axially on the other side of the conduits.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is mounted external to a section of flue pipe or is an integral part of a section of flue pipe. The heat exchanger preheats a domestic hot water supply and boosts the return water temperature prior to reentry to the furnace coil. The heat exchanger reduces fuel use, pollution and wear of the furnace and burner. A typical heat exchanger installation includes an oil or gas burner located on a furnace or boiler having a flue pipe leading to a gaseous outlet, such as a masonry chimney. A short vertical flue section leads to a draft-regulating damper. The flue heat exchanger may be a coil of tubing wrapped around flue section, such that the tubing picks up heat from the heated flue gasses. Preheated water exits from the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus (10) for cooling a detector (52), the cooling apparatus including an inner and an outer countercurrent heat exchanger (12 and 14, respectively) for a first and a second gas in a thermally insulating housing (16), the inner countercurrent heat exchanger (12) being arranged within a sublength of the outer countercurrent heat exchanger (14), and the inner countercurrent heat exchanger (12) being spatially separated from the outer countercurrent heat exchanger (14) by an outer sleeve (18). In this apparatus, the outer sleeve (18) has a partition plate (32) between an expansion nozzle (28) for the first gas located at the end of the inner countercurrent heat exchanger (12) and the remaining part of the outer countercurrent heat exchanger (14).

Abstract: A vapor-lift pump heat transport apparatus having a small heat resistance and a large heat transport capacity. A heat exchange circulating solution container has a first space and a second space communicating with the first space through a communication opening and contains a heat exchange circulating solution, and vapor thereof, in each space. A circulating solution transport passage includes a pipe connected to the solution outlet of the container and provided with a sensible heat releasing heat exchanger, a pipe disposed in the container, and a pipe connected to a vapor-liquid two-phase fluid inlet and provided with a heating heat exchanger. A vapor-liquid two-phase fluid flows into only the first space through the vapor-liquid two-phase fluid inlet. When the entrance of the vapor-liquid two-phase fluid has caused a pressure difference between the first and second spaces, a difference occurs between the positions of the vapor-liquid interfaces in the first and second spaces.

Abstract: A miniature vaporizer for effectively vaporizing a process fluid (e.g., a liquid media) in small energy system applications, such as systems employing chemical reformers and fuel cells. The vaporizer of the present invention can employ a heating medium, such as a hot exhaust generated by a power system, as the heating source for generating steam or for evaporating a fluid (e.g., liquid chemicals or fuels). The vaporizer of the invention can optionally be configured to vaporize water thereby functioning as a miniature steam generator, to evaporate a process fluid thereby functioning as a miniature evaporator or heat exchanger, or to evaporate a process fluid and mix the fluid with another medium. This evaporator/mixer configuration can be used in reformer plants where a liquid chemical or fuel (e.g., gasoline, diesel, methanol, etc.) needs to be first evaporated and mixed with steam prior to the introduction of the resultant mixture to a converter (e.g., reformor or fuel cell).

Abstract: A refrigerator condenser includes a spiraled tube and wire member construction to form a substantially longitudinal and rounded passage between a first end and a second end. The second end of the condenser is closed, thereby preventing longitudinal airflow through the passage and producing airflow into the passage in a substantially perpendicular direction to the condenser surface. Heat transfer to the air is thereby maximized and efficiency of the condenser is increased.

Abstract: Ribbed heat exchange tubes in which the aspect ratio of the ribs is less than 5, provide greater indirect heat exchange than conventional heat exchange tubes with or without fins, when used in a slurry comprising a liquid phase, in which is dispersed flowing gas bubbles or particulate solids and flowing gas bubbles. The ribs, and typically also the longitudinal axis of the heat exchange tubes, are aligned in a direction parallel to, or spirally along the gas bubble flow direction. This is useful to increase either (i) the productivity of a slurry Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis reactor without an increase in the temperature in the reactor or (ii) increasing the production of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons by reducing the reaction temperature at a given feed conversion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided in which the temperature of an exhaust gas gradually decreases from its upstream side to its downstream side, and the temperature of a working medium of a heat exchanger, which flows in the opposite direction to the exhaust gas, gradually increases from its upstream side to its downstream side. The temperature difference between the exhaust gas temperature and the working medium temperature is the smallest at the interface between a liquid phase region and a two-phase region of the working medium, and since a catalyst device is incorporated at the upstream side, relative to the flow of exhaust gas, of the vicinity of the position where the temperature difference is the smallest, it is therefore possible for the heat exchanger to utilize the heat generated by the catalyst device effectively.

Abstract: A combined muffler and heat exchanger apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a housing defining a heat transfer chamber and an acoustic attenuation chamber separated by a partition. A flow regulator and a fluid transport member are disposed within the heat transfer chamber. The flow regulator is adapted to regulate the flow of a first fluid, such as a heat source, between an input end of the housing and the partition. The fluid transport member is adapted to contain the flow of a second fluid. An acoustic regulator is disposed in the acoustic attenuation chamber and extends longitudinally from the partition to an output end of the housing. The acoustic regulator is a metal tube including a plurality of apertures adapted to attenuate exhaust stream acoustics associated with an automotive vehicle power source.