Abstract: Heat exchanger structures for conducting fluid are provided in the form of multiple spaced-apart polymeric tubes embedded in foil laminate which includes metal and at least one polymer. Useful polymers are polyolefins, polyesters and polyamides. The metal provides barrier protection making the structure suitable for refrigeration uses as well as providing an extended heat transfer surface between the tubes for when the elements are used for heat transfer, and the polymer on the foil permits it to be sealed closely around the tubes to improve heat transfer. The tubes are of a geometry which provides burst strength, so that the metal can be quite thin.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved ceramic packing element having the basic shape of a cylinder with an aspect ratio, defined by the diameter to length dimensions that is from 2.7 to 4.5.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger for cooling air, tubes are disposed vertically and header tanks are connected to the ends of the tubes. The lower side header tank is formed with drains, which are depressions, at positions between the tubes so that condensed water, which accumulates on the lower side header tank, drains away through the drains. Each of the drains has substantially a V-shaped cross-section to facilitate drainage of the water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plastic tube heat exchanger suitable for refrigerant use is provided by wrapping a layer of tubes around a curved surface, on a base which is generally perpendicular to the surface. Several to many tubes can be in each layer. Then, further layers can be wrapped continuously by overlaying the first layer. Heat exchangers, including refrigerant apparatus, condensers and evaporators, can be made in this configuration. Processes and articles of manufacture are parts of the invention.

Abstract: To provide a thermal connection that can withstand mechanical stress in a high temperature structure comprising a panel having one face carrying a circuit made up of tubes in which a fluid flows, the outside walls of the tubes are covered in respective high thermal conductivity textile layers. The structure further comprises holding means for holding the tubes pressed in non-rigid manner against the panel. The structure enables heat exchange to take place between the panel and the fluid in order to cool the panel, to heat the fluid, or indeed in order to do both.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic pipe for an endothermic catalytic reaction of a process medium, with an outer cladding tube which is tightly closed at its end sides by a first base and a second base. A rising pipe arrangement is arranged in the interior of the cladding tube and is connected, in the vicinity of the first base, with an outlet which is guided outward for the product resulting from the catalysis of the process medium. According to the invention, the rising pipe arrangement is formed by a plurality of line strands which end in a collector which is connected to the outlet for the product.

Abstract: A micro-multi channel heat exchanger includes a lower header having a hollow for receiving refrigerant and an upper header opposite to the lower header. A plurality of tubes are arranged in a length direction of the upper and lower headers at fixed intervals, each having opposite ends fixed to the upper header and the lower header. A plurality of channels are formed in the tubes and elongated to be in communication with the hollows of the two headers. Each channel has an area of a section, parallel to a length direction of the two headers, reducing at a fixed ratio as the channels go from an air inlet side to an air outlet side. A plurality of fins are located between the tubes for heat exchange with the air.

Abstract: A shower heating device has an undulated tube, a plurality of semiconductor heating elements securely received in the undulated tube, a plurality of pairs of electrical plates each being provided to have one of the semiconductor heating elements sandwiched therebetween and a plurality of pairs of insulation plates each having one of the pairs of the electrical plates received therebetween. With such an arrangement, the water in the undulated tube is able to be heated shortly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat exchanger tube having a high pressure resistance. A heat exchanger tube A having a tube body whose interior is defined as a passage of a fluid and whose inner and outer surfaces are defined as heat entrance and exit surfaces of the fluid, is characterized in that a bowl-shaped bulging wall portion bulging toward the direction of the opposite wall portions is formed on one or both of the opposite wall portions of said tube body, the bulging leading ends of said bowl-shaped bulging wall portions are defined as connecting portions linearly protruding, and said connecting portions are linearly brought into contact with the opposite wall portions and are fixed thereto.

Abstract: A plurality of water passages (62A) allowing flow of water, a plurality of alcohol passages (62A) allowing flow of alcohol and a plurality of high temperature gas passages (61A) heating the water passages (62A) and the alcohol passages (62A), are independently provided in a heat exchanging portion (6). Liquid alcohol is supplied from a first header (1) to the alcohol passage (62A) and water is supplied from a second header (7) to the water passage (62A). The water passage (62A) is preferably adapted to make contact with a high temperature section of the high temperature gas passage (61A) and the alcohol passage (62A) is preferably adapted to make contact with the low temperature section of the high temperature gas passage (61A). By separately vaporizing water and alcohol in this way, the mixing ratio of the water vapor and alcohol vapor can be controlled with high response.

Abstract: Tube plate structure of a micro-multi channel heat exchanger including a lower header having a hollow for receiving refrigerant, an upper header having a shape the same with the lower header placed over, and opposite to the lower header, a plurality of tube plates arranged in a length direction of the upper and lower headers at fixed intervals each having opposite ends fixed to the upper header and the lower header and a plurality of channels formed therein elongated to be in communication with the hollows of the two headers each with an area of a section parallel to a length direction of the two headers reduced at a fixed ratio as it goes from an air inlet side to an air outlet side, and a plurality of fins between the tube plates for heat exchange with the air, thereby permitting to utilize an entire heat exchanger more efficiently.

Abstract: A heat exchanger (2) with flexible tubes (20), particularly for a motor vehicle cooling installation. The tubes (20), for example made of a plastic material, are designed to carry a heat-exchanging fluid capable of co-operating with an air stream circulating through the exchanger (2). The inventive exchanger (2) comprises means for maintaining the tubes (20) in parallel rows. The tubes (20) are designed to be generally shaped like substantially sinusoidal lines. The sinusoids of two contacting tubes (211, 212) of two consecutive rows, are phase offset relatively to each other such that the two tubes (211, 212) are maintained in two contact zones (210) per sinusoid interval, thereby leaving interstices between the tubes (20) to enhance the penetration of the flux.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising plates of thermoplastic tubes arranged in a way which minimizes the thermal resistance at the outer surface of the tubes preferably to not more than 5 times the resistance to heat transfer at the inside of the tubes. The tubes are arranged in the tube plates in groups that can be flat or slightly wavy, such as undulating in a periodic manner, or offset with open spaces facing groups of tubes in alternating rows. This is done in a way that maximizes turbulence outside the tubes and minimizes vortices which can trap coolant in the interstices between tubes.

Abstract: A heat transfer device, particularly an exhaust gas heat transfer device, having a tube bundle made of rectangular tubes for guiding the gas. A jacket surrounds the tube bundle; is used for guiding the liquid coolant and is equipped with a coolant inlet 17 and a coolant outlet 18. The rectangular tubes of the tube bundle 10 are provided with outwardly directed projections 22 which determine the distance of adjacent rectangular tubes with respect to one another and to the interior wall of the jacket 11.

Abstract: An increased capacity thermal storage apparatus for forming frozen storage liquid during a storage cycle is provided. The apparatus comprises a container for holding a pool of storage liquid. A coil assembly having a plurality of tubes is immersed in the pool storage liquid. The tubes are adapted to transport a refrigerant therethrough to create a tubular envelope of frozen storage liquid around each tube during the storage cycle. Each tube has a non-circular cross-section with a horizontal dimension and a vertical dimension. The vertical dimension is greater than or equal to the horizontal dimension. The tubes are oriented generally horizontally and are arranged in a plurality of spaced apart, generally vertical rows. Neighboring tubes in adjacent vertical rows are horizontally spaced apart sufficiently such that unfrozen, generally vertical passageways remain between the envelopes of frozen storage liquid.

Abstract: An energy control and transmission system which monitors temperature in piping systems, electronic systems and the like. Energy in the form of a heated or chilled fluid is delivered to the devices and/or regions of interest to maintain temperature conditions thereat within a safe range of values. Electrical energy employed in the system is confined to the location from which the fluid is pumped, eliminating the presence of electricity in hazardous or dangerous areas. Non-electrical temperature indicators are utilized to permit branching flow of the temperature controlling fluid from a closed loop responsive to detection of a temperature condition outside of the desired range of values. The opening of such a branching path triggers operation of a pressure sensitive switch which activates a pump for delivery of the temperature controlling fluid.

Abstract: Heat exchangers are known which are constructed of flat tubes which are formed in that the bent-open tube ends of the flat tubes are joined with contact surfaces, openings in the contact surfaces contributing to the formation of coolant tanks. The closure of the bent-open areas is achieved by inserting special covers. The bent-open areas of the tube ends are constructed to be larger and to use the wall parts projecting beyond the contact surface for forming a tight closure. This can take place by a folding, an overlapping or an obtuse placing against one another of the wall parts which are folded to the inside. The flat-tube heat exchangers may be used, for example, as transmission oil coolers.

Abstract: A steam generator tube support plate has passageways with inwardly extending lands. Two or more tubes extend through the passageways and are supported by the lands. The tube support plates are variably spaced to provide additional support near the tubesheet and in the distal bends of U-tube bundles. This design provides reduced clogging, pressure drops and tube vibrations.

Abstract: A system for linking adjacent cuff sets for boiler tubes in parallel. A pair of contoured, plate-like adapter links is shaped to fit over the endmost cuff portions of two endwise mated cuff sets, and then secured to the endwise mated cuff sets to hold them in parallel. In a preferred form the adapter links are radially connected by a male throughpiece such as a bolt or bar extending through a keyway formed integrally in the end faces of the mated cuff sets. In a further preferred form, the end cuff portions of the mated cuff sets include welding tangs adapted to fit into welding slots formed in the adapter links so that the adapter links can be welded to the tangs, thereby locking the mated cuff sets together in a lengthwise direction.

Abstract: A retainer shield for a split ring retains boiler tubes aligned therein and dissipates heat from a front weld thereon. The retainer shield is preferably made from about 50% chromium and about 50% nickel and is welded to one end of the split ring to assist in holding the two halves of the split ring together. The retainer shield draws heat therefrom and dissipates it to prevent oxidation of the welds holding the two halves of the split ring together.

Abstract: The grate element (1, 2) is made in three pieces in the sample embodiment, and consists of a central main part (10) and two side parts (11, 12) attached thereto. The main part (10) is pierced by parallel straight-line bores, which form the straight-line conduit sections. These straight-line conduit sections (13) are flow-connected with reversers (14) in the respective side parts (11, 12). The inlet (15) for the coolant fluid is located in the rear part of the grate element, whereas the outlet (16) is located in the head area (7) of the grate element. In the outlet (16) there is a temperature probe (17) for monitoring the temperature of the coolant fluid. The grate element head (7) has recesses (18) in its foot (8) which open downward, serving as air escape orifices for the primary air, which is supplied from beneath.

Abstract: Micro-conduit with enhanced wetting characteristics for use in providing a blood heat exchanger apparatus with improved heat exchange capability. The micro-conduit comprises a plurality of elongated fibers, which may be made of a hydrophobic material such as polypropylene or polyethylene. Each fiber is open at two opposing ends, and has an inner surface between the open ends. The inner surface is coated with a wetting agent, such as phosphatidyl choline or another ampiphilic material with a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end. The fibers may have a shape and size that without presence of the wetting agent, would otherwise substantially impair free passage of water. The micro-conduit may be provided as a heat exchanger micro-conduit wrapping material, wherein micro-conduit fibers are attached to a thin flexible interconnect, such as woven netting, to maintain the fibers at predetermined spacings in substantially parallel alignment with each other.

Abstract: A heat exchanging apparatus is capable of efficiently heat exchanging a large quantity of fluids and whose construction can be simplified. A heat exchanging flowpassage (10) is arranged internally of a heat exchanging vessel to and from which a liquefied nitrogen as a heat transfer medium is supplied and discharged. The heat exchanging flowpassage (10) has annular tubes (18) arranged in plural rows, the adjoining annular tubes (18) are communicated at plural locations by communicating tubes (19) at positions deviated in a peripheral direction, and tanks (20) and (21) are communicated with a supply port side and a discharge port side. A supply tube (11) is communicated with the tank (20), and a discharge pipe (12) is communicated with the tank (21).

Abstract: The present invention comprises a cooling coil configuration that permits an extended length of coil in a smaller total volume of water bath utilized, than is seen in such coils in the prior art. The coil of the present invention is made from a continuous length of stainless steel tubing that is bent in a manner to provide for the desired configuration. In one embodiment, the full coil is made up of four sub-coils generated by bending the tube through a plurality of consecutive 180 degree or semi-circular arcs having straight tubular portions intervening there between. In order of bending, there is a first large arc, a second medium sized bend of smaller circular diameter than the large bend, three consecutive small bends all of the same size and of a further smaller diameter than the medium bend, a further medium sized loop the same dimension as the previous medium one, and ending with a large loop, again of the same dimension as the first large loop.

Abstract: An electric water heater including a control unit, and a heating unit having a water container and an electric heating coil inside the water container and being controlled by a control unit, wherein a perforated heat-conductive cylinder is mounted inside the water container around the electric heating coil to separate the inside space of the water container into a heating chamber on the inside and a pre-heating chamber on the outside; a perforated heat-conductive collar is mounted around the cylinder to separate the pre-heating chamber into a primary pre-heating chamber at the bottom and a secondary pre-heating chamber at the top; the solid-state variable resistor of the control unit has a heat sink attached to a water accumulation chamber of the cold water pipe which guides cold water to the primary pre-heating chamber, which heat sink transmitting heat from the solid-state variable resistor to cold water in the water accumulation chamber.

Abstract: A low prime, high heat exchange efficiency oxygenator is provided which includes an oxygenation portion and a heat exchanger portion. Disposed within the heat exchanger portion is a hollow tube heat exchanger wound bundle which includes a plurality of hollow tubes knitted into a mat, the mat wound under tension into a bundle which includes from 16 to 24 layers of the mat. The oxygenator provided permits prime volumes of 180 to 240 mLs.

Abstract: An improved refrigerant evaporator which uses a plurality of circuits to maximize inner and outer surface areas and cross-feed refrigerant to quickly and uniformly remove heat from static solutions within a containment tank. Refrigerant is equally fed to a plurality of individual circuits 20 from a common inlet manifold 2 located at one side of the coil. Individual circuits 20 alternately incorporate, and do not incorporate, crossover members 23 to carry the incoming refrigerant to the each side of the evaporator such that it simultaneously flows inward from both sides. Individual circuits 20 are additionally arranged such that all which are contained within an evaporator are of identical length thus making the invention particularly well suited for use with non-azeotrope refrigerants. Further, the device does not immerse joints or connections in the cooled medium and performs well in corrosion environments.

Abstract: Disclosed is a heat exchanger tube bundle design that eliminates the need for tube supports or baffles within a heat exchanger tube bundle. The inventive configuration uses a combination of bare tubes and longitudinally finned tubes positioned such that the longitudinal fins act as spacing and supporting means within the tube bundle. The longitudinal fins provide spacing and support substantially along the entire length of the tubes within the bundle and eliminate the need for internal spacing or supporting means. Taking advantage of this inventive design, one can economically construct a tube bundle requiring only external rings to secure the tube bundle.

Abstract: A cooling system for the high voltage electrode of a corona treater includes an elongated hose disposed within the dielectric tube and around which the high voltage wire is spirally wound. The elongated hose is connected to a first port through which cooling fluid is introduced. The cooling fluid flows through the hose and out an open end into the dielectric tube. The cooling fluid then flows out of the dielectric tube through a second port and back to a reservoir after passing through a high voltage isolator.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mechanism device for preventing gas channeling between the sidewall and a heat exchange tube bundle located in the convection section of a horizontal tube fired heater while permitting in-situ repair of the sidewall refractory. The invention comprises a plurality of serially elongated plate members pivotably mounted on a tube and sized longitudinally to extend at a predetermined distance from the tube to the sidewall of the convection section of the heater, the number of plate members being sufficient to extend for substantially the length of the tube.

Abstract: A spacer for aligning a series of tubes comprises a first side having a plurality of adjacently positioned recesses and an extended portion projecting the adjacent recesses. The spacer also comprises a second side having a plurality of adjacently positioned recesses and a projection between the adjacent recesses. The first side and the second side are oppositely aligned around a series of tubes such that each tube is positioned between a recess of the first side and a recess of the second side and the extended portion of the first side extends near the projection of the second side for defining a weld area. A weld is also provided at the weld area for fixing the extended portion of the first side to the projection of the second side.

Abstract: A refrigerator evaporator is formed in a spread serpentine configuration having a plurality of straight tube segments and a plurality of bent tube segments where each one of the straight tube segments is joined at an acute angle to at least one other straight tube segment. The straight tube segments are arranged in a number of planar rows which are adjacent and parallel to one another. Approximately 25-50 percent of the cross-sectional area of the evaporator is not occupied by tubing or any attached fins. A cross flow blower disposed at one end of the evaporator draws air longitudinally over the evaporator.

Abstract: A matrix of heat exchange tubes in a heat exchanger in which a first fluid flows in the heat exchange tubes and undergoes heat exchange with a second fluid flowing externally on the heat exchange tubes. The tubes have a teardrop shape and are arranged in the matrix in parallel relation in rows in which each tube has a rounded surface at one end and a tapered narrow surface at the other end. The tubes in each row all face in the same direction and the tubes in alternate rows face in opposite directions. The tubes have alternate unequal spacing of distances a.sub.1 and a.sub.2 in successive rows. The tubes can be bent to form a U-shape matrix or a semi-circular matrix. The tubes are each manufactured by filling the space between an inner channel and an outer shell of the tube with a ceramic or metal.

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus is composed of a plurality of tube banks arranged in rows each comprising a plurality of tubes arranged in a direction normal to a gas flow in a gas passage duct and in the heat exchanger, an interval of a space between mutually adjoining tube banks in the gas flow direction is less than eight times of a depth of a tube group disposed on an upstream side with respect to the gas flow and baffle plates are disposed in the respective tube banks for preventing a multibank tubing compound resonance.

Abstract: A water storage tank for use inside of a refrigerator comprises a one-piece molded plastic body forming a serpentine water conduit. The conduit includes a plurality of upright passageways fluidly interconnected at their ends. A plurality of water circulation passages interconnect the upright passageways intermediate their upper and lower ends to promote an internal circulation of stored water. The body includes a web structure which interconnects the upright passageways to conduct heat therebetween and resist rupture of the tank.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises a bundle of parallel tubes disposed in ranges and having respective end portions, each of which is received in a collecting plate which is formed with holes. These holes may be bounded by lips. Each hole in the collecting plate receives the respective end portions of a pair of adjacent tubes forming part of different ranges of the tube bundle. These ranges are arranged back-to-back, but leaving at each side of the interface between the tubes a small free space within the hole of the collecting plate. A pair of opposed beak-like projections are formed on the edge of each hole so as to fill this free space. The pitch defined between two tubes in two adjacent ranges is reduced to a minimal value so as to optimize the performance of the heat exchanger, with a minimal width of the collecting plate.

Abstract: The method of bending relatively thin wall tubing to form a tubular heat exchanger that has relatively tight bends with controlled wrinkles. For example, 1.75-inch outer diameter stainless steel tube may have a wall thickness of 0.035 inches and be bent using a controlled-wrinkle bend die to a 180.degree. bend having a centerline radius of 2.5 inches. The relatively high tube collapse that results from bending in such manner without the use of a ball mandrel does not detract from performance of the heat exchanger in a relatively low flow rate furnace application.

Abstract: A side by side refrigerator has a vertical evaporator formed from an elongated tube wrapped with a ribbon of material having spine fins extending substantially perpendicular from the elongated tube. The elongated tube has elongated straight runs joined by return bent ends to define a vertically extending evaporator having a generally oval spiral or configuration. In one embodiment, the elongated straight runs are spaced from each other throughout the vertical length of the evaporator to provide a space of constant area for air flow.

Abstract: The core depth of a heat exchanger having parallel, tube-like headers (10, 12; 62, 64) may be reduced through the use of a plurality of second heat exchange fluid conduits (26, 126) located in side by side relation and each having a first port (30, 60, 178) in fluid communication with one of the headers (12, 62) and a second port (32, 168, 174) in fluid commuication with the other of the headers (10, 64) and each defining a serpentine fluid flow path between the ports (30, 32, 166, 168, 174, 178) having a plurality of passes (36, 38, 40, 42, 44; 140, 142, 144, 146; 184, 186, 188) in side by side relation together with fins 28 embracing and bonded to the conduits (26, 126).

Abstract: An end cap is provided for adjacent pipes in the cooling coils of an electric air furnace. Each end cap includes parallel opposite side walls and a curved end portion connecting the side walls. The side walls and end portion define a perimeter edge, the outer portion of which is beveled. The end cap includes a pair of tabs extending from each side wall. The tabs partially fill the crevice between adjacent end pipes so as to provide a stronger weld between the end cap and the pipes. The curvature of the end cap minimizes turbulence of the liquid coolant flowing through the pipes.

Abstract: A method of carrying out a chemical reaction in a fluidized bed reactor is provided wherein the reactants include at least one finely sub-divided reactant having a particle size substantially smaller than that of the particles constituting the fluidized bed. The reactor includes a downcomer compartment and a riser compartment operated such that the fluidized bed particles circulate by moving down the downcomer compartment and up the riser compartment. The finely divided solid reactant is introduced, either as such, or in an agglomerated form, into the central or upper region of the fluidized bed in the downcomer compartment such that it becomes entrained in the downwardly moving fluidized bed in the downcomer compartment and moves countercurrent to the fluidizing gas towards the lower end of the riser compartment. The reaction products which may be, or include, fine divided solids are carried out of the top of the reactor from the riser compartment.

Abstract: An evaporation heat exchanger having at least one active circulating circuit for a coolant liquid to be cooled, is constructed for removing heat in a spacecraft under a gravity-free operating condition and under different acceleration conditions. For this purpose, a housing encloses an evaporating space provided with at least one inlet valve for controlling the admission of a medium to be evaporated. The produced vapor or steam is discharged through a respective port. A plurality of cooling tubes interconnected in a meandering shape form a number of tube panels in which the individual tubes are arranged in a zig-zagging pattern to form respective flow passages for the medium to be evaporated. The individual tubes extend in parallel to each other and perpendicularly to the flow direction of the medium to be evaporated, while the meandering configuration is forming the zig-zag pattern.

Abstract: An improved method of laying out a continuous pathway for piping is provided wherein the pathway is laid out in a torus shape which spirals vertically and includes a plurality of vertically descending and ascending levels. A medium may flow through the pathway by descending on the odd-numbered vertical levels and ascending on the even-numbered vertical levels such that the flow of the medium moves through the pathway on substantially alternating vertical levels. The alternate levels are interconnected by crossover lengths of piping. The pathway utilizes less surface area by making use of the descending and ascending levels of pathway thereby utilizing greater depths instead of greater surface area. The method also provides a greater diversity of configurations for laying out a pathway than heretofore used.

Abstract: A cooling assembly for fuel cells having a simplified construction whereby coolant is efficiently circulated through a conduit arranged in serpentine fashion in a channel within a member of such assembly. The channel is adapted to cradle a flexible, chemically inert, conformable conduit capable of manipulation into a variety of cooling patterns without crimping or otherwise restricting of coolant flow. The conduit, when assembled with the member, conforms into intimate contact with the member for good thermal conductivity. The conduit is non-corrodible and can be constructed as a single, manifold-free, continuous coolant passage means having only one inlet and one outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for control rod assembly and construction for a nuclear reactor is disclosed wherein the control rod is of cruciform configuration having a plurality of and preferably four flat planar members. Each planar member is made up with an assembly of square cross sectioned tubular members. Each square cross sectioned tubular member includes a defined cylindrical center and a constant thickness surrounding tubular metallic shell to provide the contained neutron absorbing materials in a cylindrically shaped pressure vessel. The constant thickness surrounding tubular shell constituting the cylindrical shaped pressure vessel has four corner sections added to generate a modified square exterior profile. These added four corner sections comprise an addition to the tubular side wall thickness of the shell. Appropriate chamfers and rounding are provided to the square profile to impart both stress relief and convenient points for automated welding between side-by-side square sections.

Abstract: A heat-exchanging member of a dehumidifier designed and constructed for high-efficiency heat-exchanging is disclosed. The heat-exchanging member comprises two tubes which are united by a bridge having several openings thereon for efficient drainage of the waterdrops of condensate, and which are provided with a few projections for improving moisture-removing efficiency.

Abstract: An improved tube anti-vibration stake comprised of a longitudinally elongated, upwardly open member of a soft V configuration. The soft V is defined by a bend in a metal strip, preferably stainless steel, that is coincident with the longitudinal axis of the metal strip, so as to define upwardly extending sides that terminate at a distal end. Saddles are spaced perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the stake and formed into the distal ends at positions which preferably are equal to the Pitch of a first horizontal row of tubes, against which each saddle will make contact as the tube is driven along a Lane between first or upper horizontal tube row and a second or lower horizontal tube row.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for use with high pressure gases is disclosed which has a generally cylindrical shell through which pressurized gas is passed. A plurality of stacked, high pressure, fluid-carrying serial coils are arranged in parallel serpentine paths within a frame member to form a structurally independent unit. The frame member is attached to an inner support member provided within the shell to position and align the frame member and coils. In operation, the coils are arranged primarily transverse to the flow of the gas, yet, because of the serpentine path, the flow of fluid through the coils is counter to or parallel with the flow of gas in the shell. The frame member supports the serpentine coils and contains any vibrations of the coils caused by the shell gases passing over the coils.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for cooling a hot process waste gas has an interior gas-flow pipe which is surrounded by a cooling jacket defined by a plurality of parallel pipe segments which are spaced from another and from the gas flow pipe. The pipe segments, through which a coolant flows, are mechanically and thermally interconnected to one another and to the gas flow pipe by means of a body of material having a thermal conductivity which is greater than that of the material from which the pipe segments are fabricated.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating fluids flowing at high velocity, for mass and heat transfer, for gas-liquid contacting and for contaminant particulate, mist or fume separation, including a plurality of perforated or unperforated cylinders arrayed staggered in rows perpendicular to the direction of flow of the fluid. The elements are spatially separated from each other. Diagonal by-pass flow through the array is blocked by a partition extending from each element generally parallel to the direction of flow of fluid bisecting the space between a pair of elements of an adjacent row with the elements of the pair symmetrically spaced with respect to the partition.Also, a method of removing contaminants from gas by passing the gas through this array between and injecting a liquid into the array. Capture of the contaminants by the drops is effected because of the difference in acceleration of each as the contaminated gas passes in and out of the gap between each cylinder and its adjacent partitions.