Abstract: A heat exchanger tube (2, 2a, 2b) is made using a hollow, impermeable, monolithic ceramic inner tube (4) and wrapping the inner tube with a circumferentially extending reinforcing material (12) impregnated with a slurry of ceramic particles, particle carrier medium and thermoset binder. The combination of the inner tube and the impregnated reinforcing material is first heated to solidify the thermoset binder. The combination is then sintered to drive off the particle carrier medium and themoset binder to create a two-layer heat exchanger tube including the inner tube and an outer tube (6).

Abstract: A heat exchanging device absorbs heat from a heat source, in the form of waste fluid, and exchanges the absorbed heat to an object which benefits from warming. The heat exchanging device is coupled to a first structure, the combination of the heat exchanging device and the first structure forming a passage for the waste fluid to flow. Within the passage, absorption fins absorb heat from the waste fluid. The device is also engaged with a second structure which contains the object which benefits from warming. The heat absorb by the fins and the remaining body of the heat exchanging device is exchanged to the second structure, which in turn exchanges the heat to the object contained within the second structure. The heat exchanging device exchanges the heat from the waste fluid to the object in a simple and cost effective manner.

Abstract: In one embodiment the article includes a metal support having a top surface, a well provided in the top surface of the support and extends downwardly into the support, the well is defined by a floor at the bottom thereof, second fibers anchored in spaced relationship in the floor of the well and extending therefrom to a level short of the top surface of the support, a diamond substrate disposed over and covering the well, the substrate is larger than the well and has portions thereof in direct or indirect contact with the support, a metal layer adhering to the substrate, first fibers anchored in spaced relationship in the metal layer and extending therefrom into the well to a level short of said well floor, the substrate being smaller than the support.

Abstract: A thermal protection system containing several innovative features has been developed with heat pipes embedded in a composite material. The techniques used in the fabrication of the heat pipes permit a smaller radius and a higher use temperature heat pipe than could be manufactured under pervious techniques. The techniques used to embed the heat pipes in a refractory composite material yield a light weight leading edge that is able to tolerate the thermal stresses generated by the difference in thermal expansion between the heat pipes and the composite material. The heat pipes for the leading edge have a "J-shape", and are placed so that the long leg of the heat pipe alternates between the upper and lower surfaces. A coating is placed on the heat pipes that protects the heat pipe from oxidation and reaction with the components of the composite material.

Abstract: A flexible, integral polymer resistance heated conduit is provided that is particularly suitable for use with physiological fluids. The conduit is highly effective in uniformly heating a fluid and in maintaining the fluid at a uniform, predetermined temperature. The conduit is inexpensive and easy to manufacture, and is at least partially transparent or translucent, thereby allowing easy viewing of its contents.

Abstract: A storage fluid heater for heating a fluid, employs a heat storage unit, a heating element thermally coupled to the heat storage unit, and a heat recovery tube thermally coupled to the heat storage unit. The recovery tube is made from a material having a coefficient of thermal expansion so that as the average temperature of the heat storage unit near the heat recovery tube increases, the surface area of gaps between the heat recovery tube and the storage unit increases, causing the contact resistance between the heat storage unit and the heat recovery tube to increase. The temperature of the fluid flowing within the heat recovery tube is thereby limited to a predetermined maximum. A structure that relieves excess pressure when the flow of fluid through the tube is stopped has an expansion tank connected to the fluid inlet of the tube.

Abstract: A heat-exchanger tube (16) comprises a tubular body (17) and surface enlarging elements provided on said body (17) and consisting of a large number of pins (18) which are welded to the tube body (17) at the outer side thereof and which extend in outward directions from the tube body (17). The tube body (17) and the pins (18) are made of carbon steel. However, in order to reduce the risk of crack formations in the weld joints between the pins (18) and the tube body (17) or in portions of the pins (18) located adjacent to the tube body (17), the pins (18) are made of a material having a substantially lower carbon content than the material of which the tube body (17) is made.

Abstract: A heat transfer element having longitudinally thermally conductive fibers is disclosed. The fibers extend between two substances that heat is to be transferred between in order to maximize the heat transfer. For instance, a plate having fibers extending generally perpendicular to the plate is disclosed. The plate is formed and/or arranged to remove heat from a fluid. The heat transfer element may take many forms, including the form of a rigid member having complex contours or a flexible member that may be routed in a cord-like fashion.

Abstract: In a stacked tube type heat exchanger comprising a plurality of flat tubes and fins alternately stacked in parallel to one another, the flat tube is made of aluminum alloy consisting of 0.04-0.10 wt % of Si, 0.1-0.4 wt % of Fe, 0.2-0.5 wt % of Cu, less than 0.55 wt % of Mn, the remaining portion of Al, and unavoidable impurities, the flat tube is formed by extrusion molding, and the fin is made of aluminum alloy having at least its core material containing more than 1 wt % of Zn, and both surfaces of the fin are clad in a brazing material. Another heat exchanger comprising the flat tube made of the same materials as mentioned above, and formed by extrusion molding but with both surfaces of the tube being coated with the brazing material, and the fin is made of aluminum alloy containing more than 1 wt % of Zn, without having its surfaces coated with the brazing material.

Abstract: A fluid medium such as a gas and a liquid medium are interacted within a convoluted array of tubes, wherein the liquid medium is present as "rain-fall" rather than flooding the array of tubes, with a heat transfer medium being passed through the tubes to heat or cool the liquid medium, as the case may be, to drive the mass transfer occurring in the interaction between gas and liquid medium.

Abstract: A heat radiating tube for an annealing furnace is disclosed. An aluminide layer and an aluminum diffusion sublayer are formed by an aluminum diffusion coating method on one side or both sides of the tube portions which are subjected during use to high temperature oxidation corrosion. Subsequently, a coating of MCrAlY is applied on selected inside portions exposed to the combustion gas flame collision in order to reinforce the bonding strength of the protective coating. A layer of ceramic is then coated thereupon. Prior to applying the MCrAlY and ceramic coatings, the tube surface to be coated is ground to a depth equal to the coating thicknesses in order to make the heights of the coated layer and the surface of the remaining portions of the tube even each other.

Abstract: A clad aluminum alloy material having high strength and high corrosion resistance for a heat exchanger, which is composed of a core material made of an aluminum alloy consisting of 0.3 to 2.0% of Mn, 0.25 to 0.8% of Cu, 0.05 to 1.0% of Si and 0.5% or less of Mg with the balance consisting of Al and unavoidable impurities; a sacrificial anode material bonded to one surface of the core material, the sacrificial anode material being made of an aluminum alloy consisting of 1.0 to 2.5% of Mg and 0.05 to less than 0.20% of Si with the balance consisting of Al and unavoidable impurities; and a cladding bonded to the other surface of the core material, the cladding being made of a brazing filler metal consisting of an Al-Si-base aluminum alloy. In the clad aluminum alloy materials, the core material may further include 0.35% or less of Ti and the sacrificial anode material may further include 3.0% or less of Zn or at least one member selected from the group consisting of 0.2% or less of In, 0.2% or less of Sn and 0.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant clad material is made of aluminum alloys, and in a preferable mode, comprises: a core which is either formed of an Al-Mn alloy containing 0.5-1.5% by weight of Mn; or alternatively formed of an Al-Mg-Si alloy containing 0.05-1.0% by weight of Mg and 0.05-0.3% by weight of Si. The Al-Mn alloy and Al-Mg-Si alloy further contain, as additional components, 0.05-0.3% by weight of Ti and/or 0.05-0.4% by weight of Zr. The clad material further comprises a skin layer which is formed of an Al-Zn alloy clad onto at least one surface of the core. In another preferable mode, the clad material comprises: a core formed of an Al-Mn alloy containing 0.5-1.5% by weight of Mn; and a skin layer clad onto at least one surface of the core and formed of an aluminum alloy containing 1.3-5.0% by weight of Zn, with or without 0.2-1.0% by weight of Mg, and a balance of aluminum and unavoidable impurities. Cu content as one of the impurities is controlled to 0.

Abstract: Better mechanical properties are achieved with tubes for shell and tube heat exchangers by providing a coating on the tubes which is formed of fibers and a fluorine-containing polymer covering the fibers. The tubes are formed of fluorine-containing polymers whose use in heat exchangers is normally limited by the comparatively small compressive strength and fatigue resistance of the tubes.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are aluminum alloy fin materials useful for heat exchangers which consists of, in weight percentage, 0.8 to 1.8% Fe, 0.3 to 3.0% Zn, up to 0.3% Cu and at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.05 to 0.25% Zr and 0.05 to 0.25% Cr, with the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities, wherein Mn in the unavoidable impurities is 0.3% or less. The fin material being characterized, after brazing, by its superior thermal conductivity and beneficial sacrificial anode effect. The fin material is also suitable as a core of a brazing fin material in combination with an Al-Si alloy brazing material in which the Al-Si alloy brazing material is clad as an outer cladding layer onto both sides of the core. The above unclad or clad fin materials can provide heat exchangers having high corrosion resistance and good heat transfer characteristics in combination with a fluid passage material made of brazing sheet or an extruded tube of pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy with not more than 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aluminum alloy clad material and a heat exchanger using the clad material, the clad material being composed of: (a) a core material made of an aluminum alloy consisting essentially of, in weight percentage, 0.3 to 1.5% manganese, 0.05 to 0.35% copper, 0.05 to 0.50% magnesium, 0.06 to 0.35% titanium, less than 0.1% silicon and up to 0.3% iron, the copper content being related to the magnesium content in accordance with the following equation: Cu(%)-0.2.ltoreq.Mg(%).ltoreq.Cu(%)+0.2, the balance being aluminum and incidental impurities; and (b) a cladding material made of an Si-containing aluminum alloy brazing filler material clad onto at one or both sides of the core material. The aluminum alloy clad material is superior in press formability, corrosion resistance and brazability. Particularly, when the percentage of fine Mn compounds of 0.1 .mu.m or less and the Ti content variation in the core material are controlled, further improved properties can be obtained.

Abstract: Cooling pipes are embedded in cooling plates for cooling the cell stack of a fuel cell battery. Cooling water is supplied from an inlet main cooling pipe to the cooling pipes, and, after having cooling the cell stack, is discharged from an outlet main cooling pipe. Each of the inlet and outlet main cooling pipes comprises a concentric stock of short metallic pipes and ring-shaped insulating spacers, the metallic pipes and the insulating spacers being alternately arranged. The metallic pipes and insulating spacers of the concentric stock are fastened together by either studs disposed around the stack or springs housed in outer holder tube which is fitted over the concentric stock.

Abstract: A refractory solid-state heat pipe assembly, or heat shield, capable of solid-state operation at high and low extreme temperature ranges in hostile environments, with particular application found in hypersonic vehicle surfaces, is provided.

Abstract: A vacuum-brazing aluminum cladding material consisting of a core member and a first and a second clad which cover at least one surface of the core member. The first clad consists of 6-14% by weight of Si, 0-0.6% by weight of Mg and the balance being at least Al, and the second clad formed on the first clad consists of 0-14% by weight of Si, 0.8-2.5% by weight of Mg and the balancing being at least Al. The second clad has a thickness of at least 5"m, and this thickness and a content of Si determined so as to satisfy a formula t.ltoreq..vertline.100/(10-c).vertline., wherein, "t" is the thickness (.mu.m) of said second alloy clad, and "c" is the content (% by weight) os Si of the second clad.

Abstract: A method of forming and apparatus for a heat exchanger having a body of aluminum alloy having two sides with a groove machined in the body in the shape of a heat exchange tubing but of a dimension larger than the tubing. The tubing is placed in the groove and the space between the tubing and the groove is filled with boron nitride whereby corrosion problems are minimized and heat transfer enhanced. The method includes the steps of forming the cavity in at least one side of the body for inserting a tubing of a dimension less than the cavity, precoating the tubing in the cavity by spraying with boron nitride powder in a carrier, placing the heat exchange tubing in the cavity and filling the space between the wall of the cavity and the tubing with boron nitride powder, and bonding the two sides together.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprises tubular elements and fin members. The tubular elements are made of an aluminum alloy containing 0.05 to 1.0 wt % of Mg, 0.2 to 1.2 wt % of Si, 0.2 to 1.5 wt % of Mn, 0.01 to 0.5 wt % of Fe, as necessary components, and further containing at least one of 0.05 to 0.3 wt % of Cr and 0.01 to 0.05 wt % of Ti, as optional auxiliary components, and 0.05 or less wt % of Cu as a controlled impurity, the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities. The fin members are made of another aluminum alloy containing 0.05 to 1.0 wt % of Mg, 0.2 to 1.2 wt % of Si, 0.2 to 1.5 wt % of Mn, 0.01 to 0.5 wt % of Fe, and further containing at least one of 0.01 to 0.1 wt % of In and 0.1 to 2.0 wt % of Zn as necessary components, and still further containing at least one or of 0.05 to 0.3 wt % of Cr and 0.01 to 0.05 wt % of Ti as optional auxiliary components, and 0.05 wt % or less of Cu as a controlled impurity, the balance being aluminum and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: There is disclosed a hot gas flue pipe assembly designed for use inside a heating boiler. The assembly has an outer pipe and an inner pipe, and the outer pipe envelopes the inner pipe in such a way that circumferential contact deformations disposed at least in separate sub zones are capable of transferring heat between the two pipes. In order to prevent the occurrence of cracking noises during the flow of hot flue gases through the hot gas flue pipe, or at least to reduce such noises to an acceptable level, the inner pipe comprises one or more sections which, when inserted inside the outer pipe, define with their opposed ends, a circumferential gap that is filled with an elastic, heat-resistant and moisture-resistant cementitious material.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus that comprises a first elongated metal tube, a second elongated metal tube longitudinally disposed within the first elongated metal tube having a substantial portion of its outer surfaces out of contact with the inner surface of the first elongated metal tube, with the inner metal tube being adapted to provide passage through it of a hot fluid, and means for cooling the outer surface of the first elongated metal tube, whereby at ambient temperatures the tubes can be easily separated for inspection and at operating temperatures the tubes are substantially in contact with each other.

Abstract: An economical, compact, universal model radiator-condenser for motor vehicles molded in Nylon plastic and designed not to exceed the overall outside dimensions of the heat exchange system it is to replace. It has two inside divider walls (11a) and (11b) and a number of connecting spaced chambers (12) that extend vertically from the top tank (14) to bottom tank (16). Each chamber or conduit contains a multitude of slotted openings (32) on the front and back. An angular aluminum louvered (42) cooling strip (34) with deep cavity formed baffles (36); made from coil stock on a high speed die formed rolling machine; is secured by bonding or other means to the front and back of each chamber (12) with the baffles (36) projecting thru the slots (32) and into the chamber (12).

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the production of urea, wherein the carbamate decomposers and/or condensers are equipped with stainless steel tubes internally lined with zirconium.

Abstract: A heat transfer tube comprising an inner tube formed of copper or steel, an intermediate layer having a uniform thickness, mounted on the outer periphery of the inner tube and formed of a low melting point metal such as solder, tin or lead and an outer tube of lead or lead alloy mounted on the intermediate layer on the inner tube and metallurgically bonded with the intermediate layer when the low melting point metal is melted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cylinder tube for scraped surface heat exchangers the interior surface (18) of which is even and the exterior surface of which is enlarged by providing a number of spaced grooves (16) with a smoothly rounded bottom portion, the profile depth (A) of which being substantially larger than the radius (R) at the bottom of said groove (16). The cylinder tube (10) shall be manufactured by a duplex stainless steel alloy consisting of the following constituents in weight-%; max 0.03% C, 18-30% Cr, 4-8% Ni, 0-6% Mo, 0.5-2% Mn, 0.5-2% Si, 0.05-0.30% N, the remainder Fe and normal impurities, whereby the amounts of the constituents are interrelated such that the amount of ferrite in the microstructure amounts to 35-65%.

Abstract: A heat exchanger, particularly a radiator for the heating of buildings is formed with a modular unit comprising a tubular finned element of extruded aluminum in which upper and lower headers of die-cast aluminum are engaged by an interference fit and a sealing O-ring gasket. The headers being connected through couplers by bayonet type coupling. The unit being completed passivated and/or anodized against corrosion.

Abstract: The invention concerns a thermal transfer layer with high transfer coefficient between two materials which can have different expansion coefficients. The thermal transfer layer comprises expanded graphite inserted between the materials which are selected from among carbonaceous materials, ceramics and metals or metal alloys. The expanded graphite is either inserted in the form of a rolled or compressed sheet, or is compressed in situ. The invention also concerns a device for the cooling of a structure subjected to intense, continuous, intermittent or pulsating heat flux, by means of fluid circulation tubes placed in the passages in the structure. A flexible material which is a good heat conductor in a compressed state, such as expanded graphite, is placed between the structure to be cooled and each tube.

Abstract: A composite pipe is proposed which is comprised of an aluminum pipe and a lead pipe formed in the aluminum pipe in direct contact with the inner wall of the aluminum pipe. The composite pipe is produced by supplying a lead pipe to a continuous aluminum extrusion machine which can extrude while enveloping a long object, to form an aluminum pipe on the outer periphery of the lead pipe. A heat pipe using the composite pipe is also proposed.

Abstract: A reusable, durable heat pipe which is capable of operating at temperatures up to about 3000.degree. F. in an oxidizing environment and at temperatures above 3000.degree. F. in an inert or vacuum environment is produced by embedding a refractory metal pipe within a carbon-carbon composite structure. A reusable, durable heat pipe panel is made from an array of refractory-metal pipes spaced from each other, each refractory-metal pipe being embedded within a carbon-carbon composite structure. The reusable, durable, heat-pipe panel is employed to fabricate a hypersonic vehicle leading edge and nose cap.

Abstract: A process for the gasification of coal to produce synthesis gas is disclosed, the process being characterized by passage of product gas stream containing sticky or molten particles upward from the gasification zone and quenching of the product gas stream and particles in a quench zone coated or lined internally with boron nitride.

Abstract: A process for the gasification of coal to produce synthesis gas is disclosed, the process being characterized by passage of product gas stream containing sticky or molten particles upward from the gasification zone and quenching of the product gas stream and particles in a quench zone coated or lined internally with silicon carbide.

Abstract: A process for the gasification of coal to produce synthesis gas is disclosed, the process being characterized by passage of product gas stream containing sticky or molten particles upward from the gasification zone and quenching of the product gas stream and particles in a quench zone coated or lined internally with silicon nitride.

Abstract: A process for the gasification of coal to product synthesis gas is disclosed, the process being characterized by passage of product gas stream containing sticky or molten particles upward from the gasification zone and quenching of the product gas stream and particles in a quench zone coated or lined internally with titanium diboride.

Abstract: A composite pipe is proposed which is comprised of an aluminum pipe and a lead pipe formed in the aluminum pipe in direct contact with the inner wall of the aluminum pipe. The composite pipe is produced by supplying a lead pipe to a continuous aluminum extrusion machine which can extrude while enveloping a long object, to form an aluminum pipe on the outer periphery of the lead pipe. A heat pipe using the composite pipe is also proposed.

Abstract: An exhaust gas containing sulfur trioxide is passed through a first heat exchanger which cools the gas to a temperature which is above the sulfur trioxide dewpoint, so that condensation of sulfur trioxide does not occur in the first heat exchanger, but below a material limit operating temperature of a second heat exchanger, which further cools the gas below the sulfur trioxide dewpoint, whereby the first heat exchanger is protected against corrosion and the second heat exchanger is protected against thermal damage.

Abstract: A composite pipe is proposed which is comprised of an aluminum pipe and a lead pipe formed in the aluminum pipe in direct contact with the inner wall of the aluminum pipe. The composite pipe is produced by supplying a lead pipe to a continuous aluminum extrusion machine which can extrude while enveloping a long object, to form an aluminum pipe on the outer periphery of the lead pipe. A heat pipe using the composite pipe is also proposed.

Abstract: A heat exchanger having a housing with one or more tubes therein for the transportation of a first fluid through the tubes and a second fluid through the housing and at least partially around the tube or tubes, in which each tube includes two concentric walls with a thin layer or thin layers of a relatively soft material between them applied to the outer surface of the inner wall and to the inner surface of the outer wall.

Abstract: A composite tube structure having an inner substrate alloy and an outer, corrosion resistant alloy suitable for use in fluid-bed coal combustion reactors to form a water wall around at least a portion of the periphery of the fluid bed zone. The outer, corrosion resistant alloy centers around a composition of 0.1% carbon, 0.2% silicon, 0.5% manganese, 22% chromium, 3.8% aluminum, 0.4% titanium, 0.05% nitrogen, 0.2% molybdenum, 32% nickel, balance iron.

Abstract: A superheater tube shield of refractory material comprises a pair of elongated half shields of identical interchangeable interlocking size and shape, each half shield having a semi-circular sidewall portion extending between and to diametrically opposite tongue and groove side wall portions which are assembled together about the tubes by axially inserting elongaged tongues into the elongated grooves. Refractory cement may be applied to attach the half sheilds to the tubes.

Abstract: An exhaust gas containing sulfur trioxide is passed through a first heat exchanger which cools the gas to a temperature which is above the sulfur trioxide dewpoint, so that condensation of sulfur trioxide does not occur in the first heat exchanger, but below a material limit operating temperature of a second heat exchanger, which further cools the gas below the sulfur trioxide dewpoint, whereby the first heat exchanger is protected against corrosion and the second heat exchanger is protected against thermal damage.

Abstract: A cast steel stave cooler comprising a carbon steel cooling pipe having a roughened surface and having a coating thereon, and a cast steel embedding the cooling pipe therein. The cast steel contains 10 to 25% Cr and has a very reduced liquid-solid zone so as to prevent fusion of the cooling pipe during the casting. The cooling pipe is provided with fins which are integratedly welded to the cast steel.

Abstract: A compact heat exchanger and method for making the same using the interior of randomly arranged interconnecting hollow spheres as a conduit for a first fluid and the exterior of same as a conduit for a second fluid of different temperature. The apparatus is constructed by fusing the points of contact between the objects of a packed cluster of objects, forming an impermeable layer on the fused objects and removing the fused objects to leave hollow shells interconnected at their points of contact. The interconnecting interiors of the hollow shells form an inner space to which fluid entry and exit ports may be provided to entry and exit manifolds. An outer interstitial space is realized by channeling the second fluid through the porosity in the cluster of shells comprised of the spaces outside the interconnected hollow shells.

Abstract: A heat transfer tube assembly comprising a pair of fluid circulation tubes disposed co-axially one within the other, the inner tube being held substantially concentric within the outer tube by a plurality of pairs of diametrally opposed depressions or dimples formed in the peripheral surface of the outer tube at regular intervals. Each depression or dimple projects inwardly such as to engage and indent the peripheral surface of the inner tube and to cause a corresponding portion of the inner tube to bulge inwardly during forming of the dimples in the periphery of the outer tube by forming punches or, preferably, by two pairs of diametrally opposed rolls, each provided with an appropriate dome-shaped protuberance on its peripheral surface for roll forming the dimples as a result of longitudinally feeding the outer tube, with the inner tube disposed within the outer tube, between the rotating rolls.

Abstract: The structure and process for providing a sealed insulated piping arrangement by introducing a molten sealing material between the inner fluid conducting pipe, and an outer casing, which space may include monitoring wires. The sealing material is introduced in a molten state to provide a liquid-impermeable filling, and then providing an enclosing seal at the end with a smooth transition for passage of the monitoring wires.

Abstract: Aluminum alloy composite materials for brazed heat exchangers are described, which comprise an Al core alloy essentially consisting of predetermined amounts of Si, Mg, Cu and at least one element selected from Mn, Cr and Zr, the balance being Al and inevitable impurities, and an Al alloy clad layer formed on one side of the core alloy which is in contact with an aqueous heat transfer medium. The clad layer has a thickness 3-20% based on the thickness of the composite material and a less-noble corrosion potential of 20-100 mV than the core alloy. A filler alloy may be formed on the other side of the core alloy.

Abstract: A heat baffle plate of aluminum or another good heat-conducting metal is secured on a steel member. Since aluminum cannot be welded to steel, connections are utilized which result in a good heat-conducting connection but without direct welding. For example, a steel plate can be placed over a portion of the heat baffle plate and then be welded through openings in the aluminum plate to the steel member. The baffle plate can alternatively be supported by a form-locking engagement with a holding plate of steel which is welded to the steel member. The better heat conductivity of the aluminum baffle plate causes the heat emission or heat absorption to be substantially increased for a given structural arrangement in comparison to a heat baffle plate of steel.

Abstract: A compact steam cooking unit includes a compartment for holding fresh or frozen food to be cooked by steam and an associated gas-fired generator of steam which are combined in a fully self-contained appliance which requires only conventional utility connections and can be mounted on a counter-top. The steam generator includes a powered burner firing into one or more fire tubes which are submerged in water which is maintained at a desired level in a water chamber. Steam derived from heating of the water passes from the water chamber through ports into the cooking compartment where it contacts the food to be cooked.

Abstract: Air conditioning apparatus for the sensible cooling of useable air by the evaporative process at a cost of operation substantially lower than that of mechanical refrigeration of the same capabilities, and advantageously comprised of modular evaporator and blower units and multiple stages thereof with the use of substantially permanent inexpensive plastic materials conducive to the efficient absorption of heat between separate columns of air, one column subject to the evaporative cooling process with no energy change, and the other column subject to the sensible cooling process with a subtraction of energy from the useable air.