Abstract: An heat exchanger including a shell for flow of a first fluid and a plurality of tubes for flow of a second fluid in heat exchange relation therewith. A tubular member is concentric with at least a portion of a tube to define a space between the tube and tubular member. The tubular member includes at least one radially outwardly longitudinally extending projection portion for effecting flexing of the tubular member radially outwardly so that a minimum clearance between the tube and tubular member may be provided, and so that the tube may be inserted in and removed from the tubular member to provide greater accessibility for welding tubular members to tube sheets during assembly. Oxygen may be introduced into the space between the tubular member and tube to combine with tritium which may diffuse through the tubular member wall to prevent diffusion of the tritium through the tube wall.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an improved heat exchanger finned tube and method and apparatus for producing elongated segments of the finned tube comprising knurling the outside surface of a central tube of heat conductive material, forming strip stock material into a continuous fin and spirally winding the fin about the outer knurled surface of the central tube. The fin comprises a foot portion to form a substantially L-shaped cross-section, the foot portion being in contact with the central tube and having a heel portion slightly overlapping a toe portion of the next succeeding fin wrap. A second knurling operation over the outer surface of the foot of the fin forces the foot portion to be deformed into the knurling present on the outer surface of the central tube and interlocking with the next succeeding fin wrap.

Abstract: The wettability of polyolefin or polyester film for use as a heat exchange membrane, e.g. tubes or sheets, in a heat exchanger is increased, generally to a surface tension reading in excess of 70 dynes/cm, by treating the surface of the film with a strong oxidizing agent, particularly gaseous sulphur trioxide. The heat transfer coefficient is thereby improved. Tubes of such plastics material having a treated outer surface and an untreated inner surface are particularly useful for exchanging heat between a liquid flowing over the outer surface and a gas or vapor condensing within the tube.

Abstract: A boiler tube having a double-tube structure constituted by an inner tube and an outer tube integrated with each other. The inner tube is made of an alloy consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.02 to 0.15% of C, 0.5 to 3.5% of Si, not greater than 2% of Mn, 25 to 40% of Ni, 20.5 to 27% of Cr, 0.5 to 3% of Mo, not greater than 1% of Nb and the balance Fe and having a substantially fully austenite structure. The outer tube is made of an alloy consisting essentially of, by weight, 0.02 to 0.2% of C, not greater than 3.5% of Si, not greater than 2% of Mn, 33 to 45% of Ni, 30 to 40% of Cr and the balance Fe and having a substantially fully austenite structure. The inner tube made of the alloy having the composition specified above exhibits a high resistance to steam oxidation without any reduction in high-temperature strength even at elevated steam temperature, while the outer tube made of the alloy having the composition specified above exhibits a superior resistance to corrosion by coal combustion gas.

Abstract: Disclosed are graphite articles impregnated with resin and having on at least a part of their surface a reinforcement of resin-impregnated fibers wherein the resin serves to integrally unite the graphite with the reinforcement. The articles are made by placing the reinforcement on at least a part of the graphite article, impregnating the resulting assembly with a heat-hardenable or thermoplastic resin and allowing the resin to harden.

Abstract: Arrangement for heat and/or mass transfer between a minimum of two liquids, effected by means of hollow fibers, the open ends of which are imbedded in a casting compound and which hollow fibers are located in the form of hollow fiber modules within a housing, wherein an intermediate ring and gaskets are provided between the housing and the casting compound beds of the hollow fiber module. A bore in the housing allows in case of a defective gasket that leaking liquid may drain to the outside, whereby short circuiting between the different liquid chambers of the housing will be prevented. The intermediate ring may be present as lose component or may, also, be fixedly connected to the face plates of the housing or the housing jacket. A plurality of hollow fiber modules may be arranged within a common housing. The hollow fiber module may be surrounded by a perforated supporting tube. The arrangement is particularly suitable for cross-flow filtration.

Abstract: A specially constructed heat pipe for use in fluidized bed combustors. Two distinct coatings are spray coated onto a heat pipe casing constructed of low thermal expansion metal, each coating serving a different purpose. The first coating forms aluminum oxide to prevent hydrogen permeation into the heat pipe casing, and the second coating contains stabilized zirconium oxide to provide abrasion resistance while not substantially affecting the heat transfer characteristics of the system.

Abstract: A boiler tube having improved high temperature strength, improved high temperature corrosion resistance, and resistivity to embrittlement during the service thereof, comprising an outer surface layer and an inner part, the outer surface layer consisting essentially, by weight, of 0.03-0.20% carbon, 1.5-4.0% silicon, 0.1-3.0% manganese, 13-25% chromium, 13-40% nickel, 0.5-3.0% at least one kind selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten, 0.05-0.5% at least one kind selected from the group consisting of titanium, niobium and vanadium, and the balance iron and inevitable impurities, the inner part consisting essentially, by weight, of 0.03-0.20% carbon, 0.3-1.0% silicon, 0.1-3.0% manganese, 13-25% chromium, 13-40% nickel, 0.5-3.0% at least one kind selected from the group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten, 0.05-0.5% at least one kind selected from the group consisting of titanium, niobium and vanadium, and the balance iron and inevitable impurities. Boron of 0.001-0.

Abstract: A multitubular once-through boiler which exhibits an excellent heat transfer efficiency and requires a relatively smaller installation area. The multitubular once-through boiler comprises a combustion device, a ring-shaped upper header which functions as a vapor chamber, a ring-shaped lower header which functions as a water chamber, a plurality of vertical water-tubes connecting the upper and lower headers to form a single-row ring-shaped water-tube wall, a combustion chamber which is a cylindrical inner space surrounded by the water-tube wall, and a ring-shaped combustion gas passage formed between the water tube wall and an outer wall of the boiler. The water-tubes each has a spiral channel grooved on the surface thereof and is in contact with adjacent water-tubes. The area next to each two adjacent water-tubes, on the side of the tubes facing the outer wall of the boiler, has a barrier plate disposed in contact with the water tubes.

Abstract: The heat exchange tube has a porous thermal shock resistant outer shell composed of a corrosion resistant ceramic material that may have a finned outer surface or a plain cylindrical outer surface. The outer shell contains an inner tube composed of a dense nonporous ceramic which is capable of containing high pressure gases, but which may not be as thermally shock resistant or corrosion resistant as the outer shell. The inner tube is formed of a dense ceramic material such as a highly dense silicon carbide or silicon nitride having at each end a like density insert. The end inserts provide sealing surfaces to contact other components in the heat exchanger such as identical ceramic tube assemblies to form a gas-type pressure seal. The inner tube can be fabricated by a deposition technique suh as a chemical or physical vapor deposition, and alternatively, can be made separately and press fitted into the outer shell or the outer shell can be cast or otherwise formed around the inner tube.

Abstract: A method of producing aluminum tube product suitable for use in heat exchangers is disclosed. The product is characterized by a substantially uniform distribution of relatively fine, generally equiaxed constituents comprised mainly of elemental silicon. The method comprises the steps of providing in billet form a body of aluminum base alloy consisting essentially of 2 to 13 wt. % Si, 0 to 4 wt. % Zn, at least 0.005 wt. % Sr, up to 1 wt. % Fe and up to 1 wt. % Cu, the balance essentially aluminum and incidental impurities and extruding said billet to a final product or after extruding the billet to a thick wall tube, drawing to a final product for use as tubes in a heat exchanger assembly.

Abstract: A heat exchanger made of aluminum alloys comprising a tube made of an aluminum alloy consisting of 0.2 to 1.0 wt % of Cu and the balance Al and inevitable impurities, and fins jointed to the tube, at least a portion of each fin being formed from another aluminum alloy exhibiting and electrochemical potential value lower than that of the aluminum alloy from which the tube is made, so as to provide a sacrificial corrosion effect. Disclosed also is an aluminum alloy material having superior hot-extrusion characteristics and pitting corrosion resistance suitable for use as the material of heat exchanger tubes, the aluminum alloy material consisting of 0.2 to 1.0 wt % of Cu and the balance Al and inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A cross-flow heat exchanger unit comprising a plurality of corrugated film elements stacked in alternating layers such that the ridges and grooves of each film element extend transversely to those of an adjacent film element. Flat divider elements are interposed between each pair of adjacent film elements, and the structure is enclosed by a coating which bonds the elements together to form a rigid heat exchanger block. The film elements may be of non-metallic material, and the coating may be a curable, synthetic resinous material.

Abstract: A heat-transfer panel or sheet material comprises a woven wire mesh core of high thermal conductivity metal, for example copper or nickel, embedded in a closure layer of plastics material, for example a urethane, so that the mesh and the closure layer extend in the same longitudinal direction. The mesh core defines a nodal network and the nodes are located at or closely adjacent the outer surfaces of the closure layer so that satisfactory heat transfer between opposite sides of the panel is achieved over the whole outer surface area of the panel by virtue of heat conduction by the mesh core.

Abstract: In a heat exchanger for heat transfer between ammonia converter effluent recycle gases and water, a plurality of U-shaped tubes have their inlet and outlet ends connected to a tubesheet which divides the interior of a shell into a pressure chamber and a heat exchange chamber containing the tubes. The pressure chamber is divided into an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber with the cooled recycle gases flowing into the outlet chamber and cooling the inlet chamber. The tubes are formed of ferritic steel and are welded to the tubesheet. A tubular cladding of nitriding-resistant material extends through the tubesheet at the inlets to the tubes and spaces the recycle gases from the tubes at the inlet ends.

Abstract: Surgical ventilating apparatus for use in laser surgical techniques. The surgical ventilating apparatus comprises a tubular body having an inner, hollow, flexible metallic member and an outer layer formed of a heat-resistant material. Preferably, the inner member is formed of molybdenum and the outer layer is formed of a heat resistant coating, such as an oxide of a metal, an expanded or foamed silica or quartz, and the like. A connector adapted to be connected to one end of the tubular body enables the tubular body to be connected to ventilating equipment for controlling the respiration of the patient during surgery.

Abstract: An aluminum heat exchanger with excellent corrosion resistance and particularly suited for adaptation as radiator for automobiles, the heat exchanger having a 2- or 3-layer coating film structure consisting of a zinc-diffused layer formed on the surface of an aluminum base and a waterproof organic film formed on the zinc-diffused layer with or without a phosphoric acid-chromate coating therebetween, whereby the surface of the aluminum base is not directly contacted with at least the water-containing heat exchange medium is provided.

Abstract: A water cooling apparatus for an electric circuit element is disclosed in which an internal waterway is connected with an external waterway by a connector with the whole body, the forward end or the inside part of the forward end thereof alone made of an alloy containing iron, nickel and/or chromium as main components. The water cooling apparatus may further comprise a net of an alloy containing iron, nickel and chromium as main components, the net being stretched in said waterway at the inside part of the forward end of the connector.

Abstract: A double wall heat exchanger for use in solar heaters and the like. An outer drawn copper tube of predetermined thickness and inside diameter is slid over a second drawn copper tube also of a predetermined thickness and outside diameter. The tubes are then placed in a furnace and annealed for a specified time and temperature. The double wall tubes are placed in a finning machine. Under a specified pressure and at a specified feed rate, integral fins are formed on the outside tube. While the fins are being formed on the outside tube, internal pressure is being applied forcing the inner tube to expand and conform to the inside diameter of the outer tube. The mating surfaces form a helical passageway which serves as the path of leakage. The double wall heat exchanger has good surface contact between the tubes, has a path of leakage between the tubes at a pressure differential of 10 psig, and has good heat transfer.

Abstract: The heat exchange tube has a porous thermal shock resistant outer shell composed of a corrosion resistant ceramic material that may have a finned outer surface or a plain cylindrical outer surface. The outer shell contains an inner tube composed of a dense nonporous ceramic which is capable of containing high pressure gases, but which may not be as thermally shock resistant or corrosion resistant as the outer shell. The inner tube is formed of a dense ceramic material such as a highly dense silicon carbide or silicon nitride having at each end a like density insert. The end inserts provide sealing surfaces to contact other components in the heat exchanger such as identical ceramic tube assemblies to form a gas-type pressure seal. The inner tube can be fabricated by a deposition technique such as a chemical or physical vapor deposition, and alternatively, can be made separately and press fitted into the outer shell or the outer shell can be cast or otherwise formed around the inner tube.

Abstract: A tube bundle heat exchanger including elastic sealing means wherein the elastic medium is confined within separate chambers and compressed in all directions against the inner wall surface of the chambers and heat exchanger tubes within the chamber. Pressure plates that exert pressure on the elastic medium are provided with projections which provide a spacing between the pressure plates. This spacing may be used for inspection for leaks and also permits flow of fluid to the outside if there is a leak.

Abstract: The heat exchanger core comprises a fluid passage member within which a fluid flows and outside of which another fluid flows, and fin members formed on the fluid passage member for promoting heat exchange between the two fluids, and the fluid passage member and the fin members are made of different kinds of aluminum alloys, and the fin members serve as sacrificial anodes as well as for protecting the heat exchanger core from corrosion.

Abstract: A heat exchanger element is provided with small-bore copper tubing jacketed with perfluoroalkoxy resin wherein the ends of the jacketed copper tubing are each telescoped over the end of a stainless steel nipple having a raised shoulder at its end and an annular groove adjacent thereto. A stainless steel ferrule surrounding a sleeve of polytetrafluoroethylene overlies the joint and for a short distance to either side and is contracted particularly in the region of said nipple groove to squeeze the copper tubing thereinto behind said shoulder. This interlocks the tube with the nipple and establishes a fluid-tight seal between the ferrule, the nipple and the metal tube. The nipples are joined to headers or manifolds by welding or in similar manner.

Abstract: A multiple passage metal heat exchanger is disclosed which contains a metal barrier between sets of passageways. The barrier is cathodic to the metal of the heat exchanger and prevents intermixing of different heat transfer fluids due to corrosion.

Abstract: The invention relates to heat-exchangers, especially of the type where the one medium is constituted by a gas or a vapor. It has a plurality of elongate elements which between themselves define the flow channels of the mediums. According to the invention, the elements comprise cores made of a material of high heat-conducting capacity. The cores are, at least partly, provided with a covering made of another material. The covering performs two functions; it keeps the cores fixed in their proper locations and they shield off the cores from direct contact with one of the two mediums. The covering may be metal or a synthetic resin.

Abstract: Improved nucleate boiling cavities are provided in a heat exchange surface by mechanically forming indentations on the heat transfer surface and then electrodepositing a metal on the pitted surface at a high current density followed by strengthening at lower current densities. Also described is a method of transferring heat from a warm fluid to a boiling liquid utilizing the improved nucleate boiling structure.

Abstract: A heat exchange element for solar heating is made of a solidified material such as concrete, cement, ceramic or resin bonded particulate material. Internal ducting is provided by embedded pipes or within the material itself. In the latter case a former is removed after the material is set, and this may be a rigid member, or one that can be dissolved or melted out. The element is preferably a laminated panel-like structure, possibly with fibre reinforcement.

Abstract: The invention relates to improving the heat transfer properties in boiling liquids of tubes and other surfaces by applying a very porous reticulated organic foam layer in contact with the tube surface, and then plating a thin metal coating on the foam substrate. Preferably, the tube is copper and the plating consists of a first electrolessly applied layer of copper and a second electroplated layer. The foam is preferably in the form of a thin tape which is spirally wound about the tube. Pyrolization of the foam after plating improves the heat transfer performance of the tube.

Abstract: An evaporator is fabricated from metal pipes bundled together by cooling fins. The pipes have their ends embedded in a curable plastic securing them to a plastic collecting box. The collecting box has a distributing section with a plurality of injection orifices and return orifices flowing respectively into injection chambers and return flow chambers. The injection chambers merge into an injection collecting chamber and the return flow chambers merge into a return collecting chamber. A plastic connecting section has an integral injection pipe and return pipe and is connected to the distributor pipe by a tongue and groove connection sealably secured together by a curable plastic. The injection pipe and return flow pipe are in fluid communication with the injection collecting chamber and return collecting chamber respectively.

Abstract: To prevent the erosion caused by cavitation phenomena between a turbulence member and a tube of a tubular heat exchanger, as well as the corrosion by differential aeration in thin intervals between the tube of aluminum containing alloy and an elastomeric gasket, aluminum silicon platings are provided on the two walls of the tube.

Abstract: A cooling plate for a furnace for use in metallurgical plants made of cast iron with steel tubes therein for carrying a cooling agent, wherein the tubes have a jacket of one or more layers on the outside thereof, the first layer being a carbide-stabilizing metal and the other layers being thermally resistant metal oxides or mixtures of metal oxides and alloys of metals. The tubes are resistant to carburization and provide improved heat transmitting properties.

Abstract: A radiant energy collecting/emitting element, including an absorber plate with a cylindrical bore through which a tool comprising a mandrel having lands is drawn to form helical grooves. A tube formed of a ductile metal dissimilar to the plate metal is placed within the bore and a second tool is then drawn through the tube. The second tool has an outer diameter greater than the inner diameter of the tube so that the tube is radially expanded outwardly into intimate surface contact with the bore. During expansion the material of the tube cold flows into the grooves to form lands which lock the tube against displacement relative to the plate.

Abstract: A triclad composite aluminum article having increased resistance to crevice corrosion in aqueous environments is disclosed in which a brazing composite having an aluminum core clad on one side with an aluminum brazing alloy is provided on the other side with a sacrificial clad consisting essentially of from 0 to 0.1% magnesium, 0.8 to 1.2% manganese, 0 to 0.1% chromium, 0 to 0.05% silicon, 0 to 0.05% copper, 0.1 to 0.4% zinc, 0 to 0.1% titanium, 0 to 0.1% iron, balance essentially aluminum.

Abstract: The heat exchanger core comprises a fluid passage member, within which a fluid flows and outside of which another fluid flows and fin members formed on the fluid passage member for promoting heat exchange between the two fluids. The fluid passage member and the fin members are made of different kinds of aluminum alloys. The fin members serve as sacrificial anodes as well for protecting the heat exchanger core from corrosion.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for removing corrosive heavy metal ions from aqueous fluids used in heat exchange systems. The method provides for the employment of a getter upstream of a heat exchange and in proximate contact therewith so that the getter removes said ions from said fluid before the fluid is introduced into the heat exchanger.

Abstract: This invention relates chiefly to a thermal exchange assembly intended for cooling a gas.A thermal exchange assembly according to the invention includes at least four passages intended respectively for cooling a refrigerant mixture, cooling a gas being processed, heating the refrigerant mixture, and heating an auxiliary refrigerant.The invention is applicable in particular to the liquefaction of gases and gaseous mixtures.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved aqueous solar energy collector system which includes a heat exchange panel wherein a getter having a surface layer in contact with the aqueous fluid which is characterized by a high affinity for corrosive metal ions in the aqueous fluid is provided upstream of the heat exchangers to thereby remove said corrosive ions from the aqueous fluid before it is introduced into the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanging wall including a base member made of a material comprising graphite as its principal component and a resin as a binder, and a thin outer coat member made of similar material as the material for the base member and applied to one surface of the base member. The material for the base member is cast in a mold having a finely ribbed inner wall surface so that the base member may be formed in such one surface thereof with fine linear grooves. Portions of the thin outer coat member corresponding in position to the grooves in such one surface of the base member are formed with a multitude of small apertures. The heat exchanging wall constructed as aforementioned has high corrosion-resistant characteristics and high heat transfer capabilities, so that the wall is resistant to all corrosive fluids.

Abstract: A solar flat plate absorber panel is molded from a laminate consisting of a suitable web material impregnated with a thermosetting phenolic resin. The absorber plate is pressure formed from superimposed layers of material and mold-cured to produce a unitary structure having a first or solar radiation absorbing surface on one side and an integral closed hollow lattice work of fluid heat transfer passages on the other or reverse side of the panel. The laminate web may be made from any suitable material such as paper, cloth, canvas or wire mesh which is easily impregnated with a thermosetting phenolic resin. In the preferred embodiment a B-stage phenol-formaldehyde resin is used. The two superimposed sheets of impregnated material are molded between heated platens of an hydraulic press to form an integral structure and fluid pressure between the sheets is utilized to mold the desired passage shape 5.

Abstract: A cooling capsule for thyristors wherein the capsule comprises a core in which is cast or embedded a cooling coil having the form of a helix which extends from a first end to a region at which it turns around and extends to a second end in the manner of a bifilar winding.

Abstract: A cooling capsule for a thyristor wherein the capsule is provided with a metallic core having at least one heat transfer surface and with a plurality of bores extending between surfaces of the core so as to form a meander-line-like flow path therethrough between an inlet opening and an outlet opening. The aforesaid surfaces between which the bores extend are provided with recesses each of which connects adjacent pairs of bores and the capsule is further provided with plate-like members, each of which covers a recess and is joined thereto by electron beam welding.

Abstract: A weldment heat exchanger having at least the surfaces contacted by the fluids between which heat is exchanged of stainless steel and comprising a tube bundle having spaced tubes through which one of the fluids flows and over the outer surfaces of which tubes a second fluid flows for exchange of heat between the fluids through the walls of the tubes, a first header-tank at one end of the bundle and a second header-tank at the opposite end of the bundle, the joints of the parts including those of the two header-tanks and the tubes being welded.

Abstract: Impervious graphite tubes, rings and other chemical processing structures made from impervious graphite can be improved with respect to impact strength, safety, shock resistance, pressure capability and heat transfer capability by partially thermally degrading impervious graphite structures and coating the outer surfaces of the treated graphite structures with a layer of metal at an elevated temperature. Upon cooling, the structure is under compression and has the improved properties. Structures are claimed comprising metal armored, partially thermally degraded impervious graphite.

Abstract: The invention relates to improving the heat transfer properties in boiling liquids of tubes and other surfaces by applying a very porous reticulated organic foam layer in contact with the tube surface, and then plating a thin metal coating on the foam substrate. Preferably, the tube is copper and the plating consists of a first electrolessly applied layer of copper and a second electroplated layer. The foam is preferably in the form of a thin tape which is spirally wound about the tube. Pyrolization of the foam after plating improves the heat transfer performance of the tube.

Abstract: Liquid containing heat transfer tube for use in a fluidized bed reactor is protected against erosive effects of the fluidized medium by having radially outwardly extending fins on its outer surface and by having the entire outer surface area between the fins covered by a layer of an abrasion resistant refractory which is supported by a metallic substrate such as expanded metal.

Abstract: A compact, blower driven, fireplace air heater is provided that is adapted to be inserted into a conventional fireplace to increase the heat output thereof, and including a generally coplanar arrangement of a cool and a warm air manifold connected by a plurality of parallel, cool air conduits oriented perpendicularly with respect thereto. A plurality of warm air conduits are preferably arranged parallel to and coplanar with the cool air conduits, with each having one end terminating in the warm air manifold and the other, discharge end passing through the cool air manifold. Cool room air propelled by the blower is first warmed as it passes from the cool air manifold to the warm air manifold through the cool air conduits, and is further warmed as it passes from the warm air manifold through the warm air conduits prior to being discharged into the room through the discharge ends thereof.

Abstract: A work support for vacuum electric furnaces is disclosed which supports a work piece in flat condition within close tolerances and which includes a plurality of spaced vertical pins with a heat sink through which the pins extend, the support being removable and remachinable to retain the desired flatness.

Abstract: Solar collector apparatus comprising a panel of series connected all glass solar tubes, each tube having an outer evacuated glass cylindrical jacket with a half circular concave cylindrical reflector on its inner surface, blackened heat absorption glass tubing within the jacket secured by glass connection support means to the jacket in an offset position to lie in the focal plane of the reflector, and circulating fluid storing the energy within the heat absorption tubes.

Abstract: A metallic porous layer is formed on copper or copper alloy base material by providing a loose coating of copper or steel powder matrix, bonding metal alloy consisting of copper and phosphorous, or copper and antimony and a liquid binder, partially heating to evolve the liquid binder and further heating to 1350.degree.-1550.degree. F. to braze the bonding metal alloy to the base material and matrix.

Abstract: Hollow plastic filaments, useful in heat exchange systems, which are made from plastic compositions containing 5 to 45 percent by weight of filler particles having substantially higher thermal conductivity than the plastic and a diameter greater than 2.0 microns, will have high thermal conductivity and appreciable mechanical strength if the particles are chosen such that the ratio of the particle diameter to the wall thickness of the filament is between 0.001 and 0.5 and if the particles are dispersed within the plastic homogeneously enough to produce the desired mechanical stability and heterogeneously enough to take advantage of the high thermal conductivity of such a dispersion.