Abstract: The embodiments of this application relate to the technical field of battery, and in particular, to a thermal management system, a method and an equipment. In this thermal management system, a compressor and a condenser form a cooling loop with a thermal exchange pipeline of the battery, and a compressor and an evaporator form a heating loop with a thermal exchange pipeline, so that this thermal management system can provide both cooling and heating for battery, in comparison with the direct cooling system and heating film, this thermal management system features simple structure and high reliability. In addition, the locations of the condenser and the evaporator can be reasonably arranged as required to achieve the secondary utilization of hot air and cold air.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes: an olfaction sensor comprising: a blower configured to draw air through an inlet; a dehumidifier configured to decrease a humidity of the air; and a sensor located downstream of the dehumidifier and configured to measure an amount of a chemical in the air after the air flows through the dehumidifier; and a control module configured to selectively take one or more remedial actions based on the amount of the chemical in the air measured by the sensor.

Abstract: An integrated thermal management system for a vehicle includes a refrigerant line; a first coolant line for circulating coolant and connecting a first radiator, the high-temperature core, a heating core of an internal air conditioner, and a high-voltage battery with each other in parallel; a second coolant line for circulating coolant and connecting a second radiator, an electronic driving part, the low-temperature core, and a cooling core of the internal air conditioner with each other in parallel; and a third coolant line for circulating coolant and connecting a third radiator and the high-voltage battery to the second coolant line in parallel.

Abstract: A coolant connection structure includes an upper body fastened to an upper end portion of the vehicle, a lower body positioned at a lower end portion of the upper body, a floor panel formed between the upper body and the lower body, and a joint module positioned at the floor panel and fluidly connected to a coolant tank positioned at the lower body.

Abstract: Pipe arrangement for transporting temperature control media, comprising a base body which is produced by way of blow molding and from which at least a first channel and a second channel are formed, wherein the first channel and the second channel have a first orientation towards one another in a first section and a second orientation towards one another in a second section, wherein the first orientation is different from the second orientation.

Abstract: A cooling system for a vehicle may include a cooling circuit through which a coolant is flowable. The cooling circuit may include a first heat source, a first radiator, a second heat source, a second radiator, and a hydraulic switch. The first heat source may be coolable at a lower temperature level. The second heat source may be coolable at a higher temperature level. The first heat source, the first radiator, the second heat source, and the second radiator may be connected in series with one another in the cooling circuit. The hydraulic switch may divide the cooling circuit into (i) a first partial circuit with the first heat source and the first radiator and (ii) a second partial circuit with the second heat source and the second radiator.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a thermal system (1) for a motor vehicle, comprising a one-piece frame (2) comprising a front face (20) and a rear face (22), wherein the frame comprises, on each of its two faces (20, 22), fastening means (29, 30) for at least one heat exchanger (8, 10), said fastening means being such that first fastening means (29) positioned on a front face (20) of the frame are configured for fastening a heat exchanger (8) in a first direction of insertion (Ia) and that second fastening means (30) positioned on a rear face (22) of the frame are configured for fastening a heat exchanger (10) in a second direction of insertion (Ib) opposed to the first direction of insertion.

Abstract: A support structure includes a shroud having a substantially circular shape from a proximal end covering an outer periphery of a first surface of a heat exchanger to a distal end. A support frame supports the heat exchanger and the shroud to expose the distal end and a second surface of the heat exchanger. The vehicle body frame has an opening. A cooling fan includes a fan rotating shaft and blades to generate cooling air. When the heat exchanger is positioned at the first position facing the cooling fan, the distal end of the shroud covers a circumference of the cooling fan in a radial direction so that cooling air passes through the first and second surfaces. When the support frame is located at a second position where the heat exchanger exposes the opening to an outside of the vehicle frame, the fan rotating shaft and the blades are uncovered.

Abstract: A system for humidification of a fuel cell electric vehicle includes a fuel cell stack for producing electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, a water supply tank for storing water generated during power generation in the fuel cell stack, a first duct for supplying air exhausted from a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) apparatus to a vehicle glass, a second duct for supplying air exhausted from the HVAC apparatus into the vehicle interior, a humidification apparatus for humidifying air supplied through the second duct using water supplied from the water supply tank, and a controller that supplies air to the vehicle glass through the first duct to perform anti-fogging control of the vehicle glass when adjusting an inside humidity of the vehicle using the humidification apparatus.

Abstract: A hybrid capillary and mechanically pumped loop heat pipe (HLHP) includes a fluid loop having an evaporator thermally coupled to a heat load, a condenser thermally coupled to a heat sink, a reservoir, and one or more magnetically levitating pumps configured to pump fluid through the loop thereby improving heat transport capacity and system stability.

Abstract: An electric work vehicle includes a battery, a motor positioned under the battery and drivable on electric power supplied by the battery, a travel device drivable by the motor, an inverter positioned under the battery and forward of the motor to convert direct-current electric power from the battery into alternating-current electric power and supply the alternating-current electric power to the motor, and a transmission positioned backward of the battery to transmit a driving force of the motor to the travel device, wherein the motor and the inverter are arranged in a front-back direction of a machine body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cooling module (100) for a motor vehicle, comprising at least one heat exchanger (3, 4) and at least one duct (1) comprising an air inlet (10) of the cooling module (100), the duct (1) being configured to convey cooling air from the air inlet (10) towards the heat exchanger (3, 4), characterized in that the duct (1) comprises fastening elements (24, 24?, 25, 26, 27, 29) configured to fasten the heat exchanger (3, 4) to the duct (1).

Abstract: A cooling system for electric vehicles, which enables air to be efficiently removed from a cooling circuit due to optimal placement of a reservoir tank, includes a first cooling circuit configured to cool a battery by coolant that circulates in accordance with operation of a first circulation pump and exchanges heat with a first heat exchange module, a second cooling circuit configured to cool a PE module using coolant that circulates in accordance with operation of a second circulation pump and exchanges heat with a second heat exchange module, the second cooling circuit being configured so that the coolant in the first cooling circuit circulates through the second cooling circuit, and a reservoir tank, which is continuously connected to the first and second cooling circuits to remove air in the coolant flowing through each of the first and second cooling circuits in the reservoir tank.

Abstract: Systems for a vehicle air duct including a passage, the passage including an inlet at a downstream portion of a front wheel well of the vehicle and an outlet upstream of a rear wheel well of the vehicle.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mobile work machine, in particular a hydraulic excavator, which comprises an engine for driving the mobile work machine, a hydraulic power generation unit which is coupled to the engine and is designed to convey a hydraulic volume in a manner which is dependent on a rotational speed of the engine, and a plurality of hydraulic elements which can be actuated by way of the conveyed volume of the hydraulic power generation unit and are assigned to various functions of the mobile work machine. The machine is characterized by a control unit for detecting a defined operating mode of the mobile work machine, wherein the control unit is designed to set the setpoint rotational speed of the engine in a manner which is dependent on the detected defined operating mode.

Abstract: A method of regulating pressure in a thermal transport bus of a gas turbine engine, the method including: operating the gas turbine engine with the thermal transport bus having an intermediary heat exchange fluid flowing therethrough, the thermal transport bus including one or more heat source heat exchangers and one or more heat sink heat exchangers in thermal communication through the intermediary heat exchanger fluid; and adjusting a flow volume of the thermal transport bus using a variable volume device in fluid communication with the thermal transport bus in response to a pressure change associated with the thermal transport bus.

Abstract: A shroud assembly mounts a radiator to a vehicle frame. The shroud assembly includes a shroud, a first frame bracket for mounting the shroud to the vehicle frame, and a second frame bracket for mounting the shroud to the vehicle frame. The shroud includes a first shroud portion and a second shroud portion. The first shroud portion has an opening for receiving a fan. The second shroud portion has an opening for receiving a fan. The first mounting bracket connects the first shroud portion to the second shroud portion, and the second mounting bracket also connects the first shroud portion to the second shroud portion.

Abstract: A controller for controlling flow of coolant to one or more components of a vehicle is disclosed. The controller determines respective amounts of heat expected to be rejected by the one or more components of the vehicle in a steady state of operation at current operating conditions of the one or more components, and generates a feedforward flow control signal based at least in part on the determined amounts of heat and a target temperature for the one or more components. The controller generates a controller output signal based at least in part on the feedforward control signal, and provides the controller output signal to the cooling system to control flow of coolant to the one or more components of the vehicle from the cooling system in accordance with the determined amounts of heat expected to be rejected by the one or more components of the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle console includes a housing having at least one cupholder, a deployable shelf located proximate to the housing and movable between a recessed position in thermal communication with the at least cupholder and an extended position extending outward from the housing. The deployable shelf has a thermally conductive surface, and a heater operatively coupled to the thermally conductive surface.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a case including a heat exchange unit; an inflow port through which a fluid flows into the heat exchange unit; and a discharge port through which the fluid is discharged from the heat exchange unit. In the case, the inflow port and the discharge port are opened in a facing surface facing a component to which the apparatus is assembled, the inflow port is disposed to face a fluid outlet of the component, and a partition wall that separates an inflow port side and a discharge port side is provided on the facing surface.

Abstract: Rocket components having internal heat fins are described herein. The disclosed components have internal heat fins that mitigate buckling and uneven force application by adding thermal capacity to the component without adding component stiffness. This reduces a thermal force fight (i.e., tension versus compression between cold and hot areas, respectively), which inhibits the buckling loads on the propellant tank. The internal heats fins also provide for a reduced mass of the propellant tank wall relative to a propellant tank wall without internal heat fins. By reducing the thermal force fight, as discussed above, less material can be used which further allows for thinner welds to be used (i.e., less welding material).

Abstract: Technologies are described herein to prioritize delivery of power to electrical components associated with a vehicle and an electrically powered accessory. A power distribution unit may assess real-time power needs for the electrical storage system associated with the vehicle and electrical storage device of the electrically powered accessory and direct incoming power to the electrical storage system associated with the vehicle and the electrical storage device of the electrically powered accessory based on a prioritization of various factors.

Abstract: Electric vehicle having a chassis, which supports a pair of front wheels and a pair of rear wheels, a passenger compartment, which is arranged between the front wheels and the rear wheels, at least one electric motor connected to drive wheels, an electric energy storage device, an air conditioning system, which is designed to air condition the passenger compartment by heating or cooling the air present in the passenger compartment, and a control unit, which is configured to activate the air conditioning system even when the vehicle is parked and connected to an external charging system, wherein the air conditioning system has at least one thermal device, which is designed to exchange heat directly and only with the chassis and the control unit is configured to activate the thermal device even when the vehicle is parked and connected to an external charging system.

Abstract: Provided is a technique for improving the cooling efficiency of a vehicle heat exchange system configured to cool a cooling liquid discharged from each of a plurality of heat sources.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated thermal management system for a vehicle including a refrigerant flow line extending to allow a refrigerant discharged from a compressor to flow in the order of an indoor condenser, an external condenser, and an evaporator and to flow back to the compressor, a refrigerant chiller line branching from the refrigerant flow line at each of the points downstream of the compressor, the indoor condenser, or the external condenser, the refrigerant chiller line joining the refrigerant flow line at a point upstream of the compressor after the refrigerant passes through a battery chiller and an electric chiller or bypasses the same, a battery cooling line extending to allow a coolant to circulate while passing through a battery radiator or the battery chiller, and an electric cooling line extending to allow a coolant to circulate while passing through an electric radiator or the electric chiller.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to controlling temperature inside a receptacle 102 in a vehicle. In an embodiment, a temperature-controlled system for a vehicle is disclosed. The temperature-controlled system may include a receptacle 102 having at least one inlet 104, and a housing 106 fitted to the receptacle 102. The housing 106 may include an opening 108. The opening 108 may be configured to be fluidically coupled to a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) vent of the vehicle. The housing 106 may further include an open front face 110 fluidically coupled to the at least one inlet 104 of the receptacle 102, and a gate assembly mounted on the housing 106. The gate assembly 106 may include a gate configured to engage or disengage with the opening 108 to fluidically couple or fluidically decouple, respectively, the opening 108 to the vent.

Abstract: There are included a first heat exchanger (42) for causing heat to be exchanged between refrigerant and air in an interior of a vehicle (1), a heating circuit (36) for causing the refrigerant with a temperature higher than that of the air in the interior of the vehicle to circulate through the first heat exchanger, a secondary battery (21) where charging and discharging of power are performed, a cooling water circuit (50) for causing cooling water that exchanges heat with the secondary battery to circulate, a second heat exchanger (61) for causing heat to be exchanged between the refrigerant and the cooling water, the second heat exchanger being provided in a manner including a portion of the heating circuit downstream of the first heat exchanger and a portion of the cooling water circuit, and a case (23) for covering the secondary battery, the cooling water circuit, and the second heat exchanger.

Abstract: A motor vehicle is provided with at least one fuel cell and a device for preparing a beverage, which has a steam and/or liquid dispenser for dispensing a liquid into a vessel. A supply line is provided between the at least one fuel cell and the steam and/or liquid dispenser for supplying product water generated in the at least one fuel cell to the steam and/or liquid dispenser. A method for preparing a beverage is also provided.

Abstract: A heat pipe configured to remove heat from a nuclear reactor core is disclosed herein. The heat pipe can include an inner housing defining an inner volume configured to accommodate a heat source and an outer housing configured about the inner housing and the heat source. A wick can be positioned between at least a portion of the inner housing and at least a portion of the outer housing, wherein the wick can include a capillary material, and wherein the wick can define an intermediate volume between the inner housing and the outer housing. A working fluid can be positioned within the intermediate volume, wherein the working fluid can evaporate at a first end of the heat pipe and condense at a second end of the heat pipe adjacent to a heat exchanger, and wherein the wick can return condensed working fluid to the first end of the heat pipe.

Abstract: Fuel used as a coolant in an aircraft can be thermally conditioned for active thermal management of the airframe and engine. The fuel can be thermally conditioned using the residual cooling capacity of a power and thermal module (PTM), providing flexibility of thermal system design, or via a compact engine-mounted turbo cooler, to maximize system efficiency. The fuel can be stored in a thermal reserve tank to provide a missionized heat sink capable serviceable for periodic high heat flux equipment. The cooling and provision of cooled fuel to aircraft components can be intelligently controlled to provide efficient cooling and effectively unlimited ground hold times.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vehicle air conditioning system and a control method of the vehicle air conditioning system which enable detecting leaks of flammable refrigerant without requiring a separate sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a self-propelled ground milling machine, in particular a road cold milling machine, stabilizer or recycler, comprising a milling device for milling the ground at a milling depth, a machine frame supported by front and rear travel units, an internal combustion engine arranged in an engine compartment, a hydraulic system with at least two hydraulic pumps, a pump transfer gear and a hydraulic tank, and an operator platform.

Abstract: Motorcycle including a damped support to support a front wheel; a handlebar connected to the damped support to steer the front wheel; at least one radiator configured to cool at least one liquid of an engine of the motorcycle; at least one air conveyor comprising an inlet mouth oriented towards the front of the motorcycle and an outlet mouth facing the radiator; the at least one air conveyor being shaped so as to guide the air entering the inlet mouth towards the outlet mouth; wherein the at least one air conveyor is shaped so as to at least partially envelop the front wheel when the motorcycle is viewed from above.

Abstract: A packaging system for transporting a payload while maintaining the payload within an acceptable temperature range. The payload is cooled by two sets of U-shaped heat pipes within the payload compartment. A set of cold heat pipes is cooled by a layer of phase change material located above the payload, while a set of warm heat pipes is cooled by a layer of phase change material located below the payload.

Abstract: A guard for a radiator blower unit includes a body, a flange, and a lip. The body defines a first end, a second end, and a conduit extending from the first end to the second end. The flange is arranged at the first end to mount the body to a radiator frame such that the second end is directed towards the radiator blower unit. The flange defines a first aperture open to the conduit at the first end. The lip is arranged to least partially surround the body at the second end to define a second aperture open to the conduit at the second end. The first aperture, the second aperture, and the conduit combinedly define a passageway that at least in part encompasses a connection interface defined between the radiator blower unit and a motor. At least a portion of the lip extends outwardly and away from the body.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a heat exchanger, a transmission, and a controller. The transmission is configured to transfer power within a powertrain. The transmission has a primary fluid circuit, a secondary fluid circuit, and a valve. The secondary fluid circuit is configured to divert the fluid from the primary fluid circuit and deliver the fluid to the heat exchanger. The valve is configured to control diverting fluid from the primary fluid circuit to the secondary fluid circuit. The controller is programmed to, in response to a temperature of the fluid being outside of a desired range, open the valve to direct the fluid toward the heat exchanger via the secondary fluid circuit. The controller is further programmed to, in response to the temperature of the fluid being within the desired range, close the valve to isolate the fluid from the secondary fluid circuit and the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A mounting arrangement for a motor vehicle, at least having at least one heat exchanger and a protective element for the at least one heat exchanger, which with a grid structure through which a fluid may flow at least partially covers a surface, over which the fluid may flow, of the at least one heat exchanger, wherein the protective element is a component that is manufactured by an injection molding process, and has at least one sealing element, integrally formed on the protective element in a multicomponent method, for conducting flow of the fluid.

Abstract: A battery cooling system control method for a vehicle includes a process (A) of measuring by a controller a temperature of a battery based on data detected from a data detector while the vehicle is driving, determining by the controller whether the measured battery temperature is higher than a preset target temperature, and if a condition is not satisfied, cooling the battery using a coolant cooled in a radiator, and a process (B) of, if it is determined through the process (A) that the temperature of the battery is higher than the target temperature (i.e., if the condition is satisfied), operating an air conditioner to cool the battery using a coolant heat-exchanged with a refrigerant while passing through a chiller, and terminating control.

Abstract: A cooling system can distribute fluid to and from IT equipment in an IT rack which can be understood as a server rack which houses multiple servers. The cooling system can include three distribution channels for the server rack. At least one of the distribution channels can be connected to valves that are arranged to operate that distribution channel in a bi-directional manner. This bi-directional distribution channel can switch operation if any of the other distribution channels becomes inoperative.

Abstract: A temperature control apparatus and method for fuel cell system, where the apparatus includes a fuel cell stack, a first pump disposed on a first cooling line, a first radiator disposed on the first cooling line, power electronic parts, a second pump disposed on a second cooling line, a second radiator disposed on the second cooling line, a cooling fan configured to blow exterior air to any one of the first radiator and the second radiator, and a controller configured to determine an RPM of the cooling fan based on a coolant temperature at an inlet of the fuel cell stack and a first exterior air temperature, to determine a target cooling performance of the plurality of power electronic parts based on power consumptions of the plurality of power electronic parts, and to determine an RPM of the second pump based on the target cooling performance of the plurality of power electronic parts, the RPM of the cooling fan, and a second exterior air temperature.

Abstract: Drive units for electric vehicles are provided. One example provides a drive unit for an electric vehicle including a first housing section forming a first compartment to house an electrical inverter and a second housing section forming a second compartment to house an electric motor. The drive unit housing further includes an inlet port to receive a fluid and a shared wall separating the first compartment and the second compartment. The shared wall defines fluid pathways in fluid communication with the inlet port to circulate the fluid to cool the electrical inverter. The drive unit also includes an outlet port in fluid communication with the fluid pathways to discharge the fluid.

Abstract: Techniques for minimizing diurnal temperature variation of a radiator of a spacecraft are disclosed. In one aspect, a spacecraft includes a body, a radiator panel, and a heat dissipating unit thermally coupled with the radiator panel. The spacecraft is configured to operate in an orbital plane, and has a yaw axis within the orbital plane and directed from a spacecraft coordinate system origin toward nadir, a pitch axis orthogonal to the orbital plane, and a roll axis orthogonal to the pitch axis and the yaw axis. The radiator panel includes a surface area external to a body of the spacecraft, a first portion of the surface area facing a first direction that is substantially parallel to the roll axis, and a second portion of the surface area facing a second direction that has a substantial component parallel to the yaw axis.

Abstract: Drive units for electric vehicles are provided. One example provides a drive unit for an electric vehicle including a first housing section forming a first compartment to house an electrical inverter and a second housing section forming a second compartment to house an electric motor. The drive unit housing further includes an inlet port to receive a fluid and a shared wall separating the first compartment and the second compartment. The shared wall defines fluid pathways in fluid communication with the inlet port to circulate the fluid to cool the electrical inverter. The drive unit also includes an outlet port in fluid communication with the fluid pathways to discharge the fluid.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present disclosure provides a heat exchanger, including: a plurality of flat pipes disposed at intervals, wherein the flat pipe is provided with an inlet portion and an outlet portion, and both the inlet portion and the outlet portion are located on a first end of the flat pipe; a first sealing cushion block, disposed between two adjacent flat pipes; and a flow collecting portion, provided with a first opening portion and a second opening portion, wherein the first opening portion is disposed opposite to the inlet portion, and the second opening portion is disposed opposite to the outlet portion. The first sealing cushion block includes a first sealing portion and a second sealing portion.

Abstract: A method and system for ground-based thermal conditioning of an electric aircraft. The system includes an electric aircraft, an onboard thermal conditioning module on the electric aircraft, and a ground-based thermal conditioning module connected to the onboard thermal conditioning module. Liquid coolant runs through the ground-based thermal conditioning module to the onboard thermal conditioning module. Ground-based thermal conditioning module purges the coolant from the onboard thermal conditioning module. The ground-based thermal conditioning module is disconnected from the onboard thermal conditioning module.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a battery temperature control device of an electric vehicle capable of efficiently heating a battery for vehicle driving while executing V2G in a low temperature environment. A battery temperature control device of an electric vehicle controls the temperature of a battery of the electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle participates in V2G which allows bidirectional power exchange between the battery for vehicle driving mounted on the electric vehicle and a power system. When an aggregator on the power system side starts execution of V2G by transmitting to an ECU a start instruction for the charge and discharge of the battery, the ECU controls a four-way valve to connect a battery cooling circuit and a charger cooling circuit when a battery temperature is less than a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating, ventilation and/or air-conditioning device (10) for a motor vehicle, which device comprises a housing (26), a cold air region (84), a hot air region (86), an evaporator (36) which is configured to provide a cold air stream (50) in the cold air region (84), and a heating element (34) which is configured to provide a hot air stream (48) in the hot air region (86). Furthermore, the device (10) has a one-piece cross-flow deflection device (38), which is covered by the housing (26) and comprises a mixing device (40) and a cover (42), wherein the mixing device (40) has a plurality of mixing chambers (52), each of which is provided for mixing a part of the cold air stream (50) and a part of the hot air stream (48). The cover (42) here separates the cold air region (84) and the hot air region (86) from each other at least in portions. Furthermore, the cover (42) has a fixing device (74) which is provided for fixing the heating element (34).

Abstract: A thermal management system includes a closed-circuit refrigeration system that includes a vapor cycle system (VCS) and a liquid pumping system (LPS). The VCS includes a receiver that stores a refrigerant fluid and a liquid separator. The vapor cycle system is configured to operate in one or more operational modes including at least one of a TES cooling mode, a heat load cooling mode, or a pump-down mode. The LPS includes a thermal energy storage (TES) that stores a phase change material (PCM) and a pump fluidly coupled to at least one evaporator. The evaporator is configured to extract heat from a heat load that is in thermal conductive or convective contact to the evaporator to transfer heat to the refrigerant fluid and provide the refrigerant fluid from an evaporator outlet to the TES.

Abstract: A fan shroud for a vehicle heat-exchange module, includes a wall configured to at least partially block the air flow through the fan shroud between a front and a back thereof, with a first opening for enabling air flow through the fan shroud between a front and a back thereof, and fasteners adapted to mount the fan shroud in an inclined position with respect to the ground. The fan shroud further includes a first drainage opening for a fluid, arranged at a bottom of the fan shroud, and a first gutter arranged at the bottom and connected fluidically with the first drainage opening to evacuate the fluid remotely with respect to the first drainage opening.

Abstract: An aircraft includes a fuselage disposed in a longitudinal plane and two propulsion units disposed in a plane transverse to the longitudinal plane, on either side of the fuselage. A nacelle for use in the aircraft includes a proximal upper dial, a distal upper dial, a proximal lower dial, a distal lower dial, an upstream section, a middle section, a downstream section having a trailing edge, and at least one surface heat exchanger, called a cold source exchanger, between a heat transfer fluid and a cold air flow, integrated into a closed circuit in which the heat transfer fluid circulates, and disposed in any one of the proximal upper, distal upper and/or distal lower dials, and in the middle and/or downstream section(s).