Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a thermal dissipation system of an electric vehicle that includes: a heat exchanger arranged at the front part of the electric vehicle for providing heating or cooling to an air conditioning system of the electric vehicle; a first heat sink and a second heat sink, which are respectively arranged at the two sides of the front part of the heat exchanger; a number of rotatable and adjustable air deflectors for changing the flow direction of the air flowing through the heat dissipation system. Temperature sensors are included within the thermal dissipation system for sensing the working temperatures and the environmental temperatures of a battery pack and a motor of the electric vehicle. Opening and closing states of the air deflectors are adjusted in accordance with data provided by the temperature sensors.

Abstract: A heat transfer assembly (HTA) includes an equipment panel having a first longitudinal length and a first radiator panel that is coupled to one of an east end and a west end of the equipment panel. The first radiator panel is longer in the longitudinal direction than the equipment panel and has least one longitudinal heat pipe. The HTA also includes at least one flexible heat pipe having a first rigid tube coupled to the equipment panel, a second rigid tube thermally coupled to the first longitudinal heat pipe, and a flexible tube coupled between the first and second rigid tubes. The equipment panel is configured to retain an equipment module in thermal contact with the first rigid tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spacecraft comprising a body having two opposite faces; a first radiator carried by at least one face; the first radiator having an outer face; a first supporting arm extending substantially perpendicularly to the outer face of the first radiator; a drive motor suitable for rotating the first supporting arm about its longitudinal axis a first assembly carried by the first supporting arm, said first assembly comprising a plurality of slats stationary with respect to the first supporting arm; said slats being attached one above the other and separated from each other by a free space.

Abstract: A temperature control device for temperature control of a steering device, characterized in that the temperature control device has at least one heat-conducting device, at least one thermoelectric device, and at least one fluid transport apparatus.

Abstract: A cooling device includes a first radiator core, a second radiator core, a fan, a ventilation component, and a blocked part. The first radiator core and the second radiator core (42) are disposed adjacently with a specific space in between. The fan supplies air to the first radiator core and the second radiator core. The ventilation component is formed in part of the specific space and transmits air supplied from the fan. The blocked part is formed by a blocking member disposed in a different part of the specific space from the ventilation component.

Abstract: A vehicle seat including a seat pad including a flow channel portion, a seat cover covering the seat pad and having breathability, a functional member disposed between the seat pad and the seat cover and having breathability, and a blowing member configured to blow the gas into or out of the seat through the flow channel portion of the seat pad and the seat cover along a flow path, wherein the functional member is integrated with any one of the seat pad and the seat cover with an adhesive portion, which has poorer breathability than the seat cover and the functional member, interposed therebetween, and wherein the adhesive portion includes a passage portion through which the gas is configured to pass, and the passage portion is disposed in the flow path of the gas.

Abstract: A cooling system for a battery cell includes at least one plate having at least one key, and a heat sink having at least one slot formed therein. The at least one key of the at least one plate is disposed in the at least one slot. The at least one plate and the heat sink form an interference fit joint securing the at least one plate to the heat sink.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a heat sink with two or more separated channels. The heat sink according to the present disclosure includes a cooling channel through which a refrigerant passes to cool a secondary battery by an indirect cooling method, the secondary battery including a cell assembly in which at least two unit cells are stacked, each unit cell including a positive electrode plate, a separator, and a negative electrode plate, and a plurality of positive and negative electrode tabs protruding from the positive and negative electrode plates of each unit cell is electrically connected to positive and negative leads, respectively, wherein the cooling channel has two or more separated channels, the two or more separated channels have branches inside to allow a coolant to flow in each of the channels, and the branches are vertically arranged. According to the present disclosure, provision of a heat sink having a uniform cooling effect is enabled.

Abstract: A telecommunication satellite with geostationary orbit comprises an upper module, a lower module, and a lateral module, disposed in a storage configuration between the upper module and the lower module, and deployed to an operational configuration of the satellite in the orbit by a rotation in relation to an axis Z oriented towards the earth in the operational configuration. The lateral module comprises two substantially plane and mutually parallel main surfaces, termed dissipative surfaces, able to dissipate by radiation a quantity of heat generated by facilities of the satellite; the dissipative surfaces being, in the operational configuration, held in a manner substantially parallel to the plane of the orbit, making it possible to limit the solar flux received by the dissipative surfaces and to optimize the quantity of heat dissipated by the lateral module.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling temperatures in plasma processing chamber for a wide range of setpoint temperatures and reduced energy consumption. Temperature control is coordinated between a coolant liquid loop and a heat source by a control algorithm implemented by the plasma processing module controller. The control algorithm may completely stop the flow of coolant liquid to a temperature-controlled component in response to a feedback signal indicating an actual temperature is below the setpoint temperature. The control algorithm may further be based at least in part on a feedforward control signal derived from a plasma power or change in plasma power input into the processing chamber during process recipe execution.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a thermal dissipation system of an electric vehicle that includes: a heat exchanger arranged at the front part of the electric vehicle for providing heating or cooling to an air conditioning system of the electric vehicle; a first heat sink and a second heat sink, which are respectively arranged at the two sides of the front part of the heat exchanger; a number of rotatable and adjustable air deflectors for changing the flow direction of the air flowing through the heat dissipation system. Temperature sensors are included within the thermal dissipation system for sensing the working temperatures and the environmental temperatures of a battery pack and a motor of the electric vehicle. Opening and closing states of the air deflectors are adjusted in accordance with data provided by the temperature sensors.

Abstract: A motorcycle comprising a frame with a side structure supporting a liquid-cooled engine, comprising at least one engine-coolant radiator, characterized in that said engine-coolant radiator is positioned behind the steering column and extends laterally on either side of the median longitudinal vertical plane of the motorcycle, the upper edge of said radiator being positioned above a horizontal plane passing through a point located in the upper two thirds of the axis of the steering column, said frame with a side structure having a housing for receiving the upper portion of said engine-coolant radiator, the engine-coolant radiator being positioned substantially vertical, the median plane of the radiator forming an angle of ?20° to +20° relative to the vertical plane.

Abstract: An air distribution door for use in a ventilation system with anti-stratification feature is provided. The door includes a tab extending from the main body of the door. The tab partially disrupts air flow going into the heat exchanger. This disruption slows high velocity airflow going across the heat exchanger and causes a more uniform thermal transfer distribution to the air from the heat exchanger, which provides preferred comfort by the user.

Abstract: A hybrid welder having a motor-driven welder assembly including a motor; an energy storage device electrically connected to the motor-driven assembly; a heat transfer assembly, the heat transfer assembly being in thermal communication with the motor and the energy storage device, wherein the heat transfer assembly is selectively adaptive to transfer heat from the motor to the energy storage device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a thermal dissipation system of an electric vehicle that includes: a heat exchanger arranged at the front part of the electric vehicle for providing heating or cooling to an air conditioning system of the electric vehicle; a first heat sink and a second heat sink, which are respectively arranged at the two sides of the front part of the heat exchanger; a number of rotatable and adjustable air deflectors for changing the flow direction of the air flowing through the heat dissipation system. Temperature sensors are included within the thermal dissipation system for sensing the working temperatures and the environmental temperatures of a battery pack and a motor of the electric vehicle. Opening and closing states of the air deflectors are adjusted in accordance with data provided by the temperature sensors.

Abstract: A cooling device for a battery system may include at least two battery units. The cooling device may include at least a first and a second cooling plate able to be flowed through respectively by a coolant. The first and second cooling plate may be arranged respectively for thermal coupling with a respective battery unit. The first and second cooling plate each may include a first fluid inlet, which is connected fluidically with a first fluid outlet via a first fluid duct extending along an extent direction, and a second fluid inlet, which is connected fluidically with a second fluid outlet via a second fluid duct extending along the extent direction.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a battery module configured to have a structure in which a plurality of battery cells, each of which includes an electrode assembly of a cathode/separator/anode structure mounted in an electrode assembly receiving part, is mounted in a module case in a state in which the battery cells are arranged in a lateral direction such that the electrode assembly receiving parts of the respective battery cells are adjacent to one another, wherein a plurality of cooling members is disposed between the battery cells, and each of the cooling members includes a heat dissipation fin disposed between adjacent electrode assembly receiving parts in a tight contact state and a coolant conduit configured to have a hollow structure in which a coolant flows and mounted to the heat dissipation fin along outer edges of each of the electrode assembly receiving parts.

Abstract: A solar-thermal powered recreational vehicle featuring a solar-thermal air conditioning system integrated with a solar clean energy system to provide a recreational vehicle having improved energy efficiency. In an embodiment employing the principles of the present invention, the solar-thermal powered recreational vehicle can comprise a clean energy system for providing electrical power to the recreational vehicle, whereby the clean energy system features one or more solar photovoltaic panels, a batter bank, and a generator operatively coupled to a hybrid inverter. The solar-thermal air conditioning system is powered by the clean energy system, with the solar-thermal air conditioning system featuring a solar-thermal collector panel functioning to superheat compressed refrigerant prior to the compressed refrigerant being transmitted to the condenser.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating surfaces in the internal space of a motor vehicle comprises at least one heating element, having at least one heating conductor that forms an electrical heating circuit, and at least one carrier material, wherein the heating conductor has at least two HC terminal ends and the temperature acquisition element has at least two TA terminal ends.

Abstract: An exhaust heat recovery control device includes a recovered heat adjusting unit configured to adjust an amount of heat recovered of exhaust gas by an exhaust heat recoverer recovering heat of exhaust gas and a control unit configured to control the recovered heat adjusting unit so as to prevent or suppress freezing in an exhaust pipe based on a traveling history of a vehicle on which the exhaust heat recovery control device is mounted when the freezing in the exhaust pipe is predicted.

Abstract: A rollable and accordion foldable refractive lens concentrator flexible solar array blanket structure assembly for a spacecraft/satellite application consisting of at least one or more rows of electrically interconnected solar cells and at least one or more rows of deployable elongated refractive lenses elevated and aligned from the top surface of the solar cells. The entire blanket assembly, inclusive of lenses and solar cell substrates, kinematically deploys by unrolling or unfolding the assembly for its stowed package configuration, and the final tensioning of the blanket assembly produces an aligned assembly where the solar cell substrate subassembly and the lens subassembly are coplanar. Deployment of the integrated blanket assembly (with refractive lenses) is directly coupled through the unrolling or the accordion unfolding deployment kinematics of the concentrator blanket assembly.

Abstract: A case of an air passage opening/closing device is formed with guide grooves comprised of case side seal surfaces and a guide wall surface, two ends of a door body part are arranged inside the guide grooves, a gear mechanism has a driven side gear which is provided at the door body part and a drive side gear which engages with the driven side gear, the driven side gear is formed to extend in parallel with a movement direction of a slide door at a portion of the door body part which is positioned further inside in the width direction from the guide grooves, and a portion of the door body part facing the guide wall surface or a portion of the guide wall surface facing the door body part is formed with interposed parts which are interposed between the door body part and the guide wall surface.

Abstract: Spacecraft, radiator panels for spacecraft, kits for radiator panels, inserts associated with radiator panels, heat pipes associated with radiator panels, external structural reinforcement members associated with radiator panels, and methods of assembling radiator panels are disclosed herein. Some radiator panels include at least one insert that is positioned adjacent to a heat pipe between two spaced-apart face-sheets, with the insert being configured to secure a package to the inside face-sheet opposite of the heat pipe. Some radiator panels include at least one external structural reinforcement member that extends across an external side of the radiator panel.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air conditioning unit having an air duct, having a fan for conveying an airflow through the air duct, having a heat exchanger for the thermal conditioning of the airflow and having an apparatus for noise reduction, which apparatus has a microphone, a loudspeaker and an evaluation and control unit, the microphone being arranged in a housing indentation of the duct wall of the air duct, the housing indentation having a wall and the loudspeaker being arranged at least partially in an opening of the duct wall of the air duct in a manner which is spaced apart from the microphone in the direction of the noise emission, wherein the wall of the housing indentation is curved at least partially, the housing indentation of the microphone being covered with a porous acoustically transparent material.

Abstract: A vehicle interior panel includes a decorative covering with a non-visible tear seam that forms a deployment opening through the covering during airbag deployment. The tear seam is formed by mechanical piercing of a skin layer of the covering from the decorative side. The skin layer is formed from a self-healing material, allowing a piercing tool to form microholes that are smaller than the effective piercing diameter of the tool without the need for subsequent processes intended to otherwise hide the formed tear seam. Tear seams formed in this manner can offer larger processing windows, lower manufacturing and equipment cost, and/or shorter cycle times when compared to other methods such as laser scoring. Tear seam function may also be improved and/or more predictable.

Abstract: A refrigeration system for trailer includes an engine, a generator driven by the engine to generate electric power, an inverter substrate, a temperature sensor that senses a temperature of the inverter circuit, and a heat carrying mechanism that heats the inverter substrate with waste heat of the engine when a sensed temperature by the temperature sensor is an operational temperature or lower.

Abstract: A vehicle cooling system includes a fan, a radiator upstream of the fan and in a first air flow path, a charge air cooler upstream of the radiator in the first air flow path, a fuel cooler upstream of the radiator in the first air flow path, and a hydraulic oil cooler adjacent to a side of the radiator and upstream of the fan and in a second air flow path which is parallel to the first air flow path. A condenser is positioned in the first air flow path between the fuel cooler and the radiator. The hydraulic oil cooler has an upstream side which is unobscured by any other cooling system components. The hydraulic oil cooler includes first and second hydraulic oil cooler units connected together in series. A portion of the hydraulic oil cooler is positioned above a top side of the radiator.

Abstract: Reflector systems (10) comprising a reflector (11) formed from rigid panels (14) mounted on a centrally-located hub (12) are provided. The panels (14) can be stowed in a relatively compact manner in which the panels (14) overlap. The panels (14) can translate with a combination of rotational and linear motion so that the panels (14) become disposed in a side by side relationship, thereby deploying the reflector (11) so that the reflector (11) can focus electromagnetic energy incident thereupon.

Abstract: A cooling system includes: a compressor that circulates refrigerant; a heat exchanger that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and outside air; a cooling portion that uses the refrigerant to cool the heat generating source; a first line through which the refrigerant, which has been discharged from the compressor, flows to the cooling portion; a second line through which the refrigerant circulates between the heat exchanger and the cooling portion; and a selector valve that switches between fluid communication of the first line and fluid communication of the second line. A control device includes a detecting unit configured to detect an abnormality of the compressor; and a switching unit configured to switch the selector valve to interrupt the fluid communication of the first line and to allow the fluid communication of the second line when the abnormality has been detected by the detecting unit.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for cooling an engine system. In one example, a system includes an exhaust gas recirculation cooler and an engine. The system further includes a cooling fluid circuit in which the exhaust gas recirculation cooler and the engine are positionable in series with the exhaust gas recirculation cooler disposed upstream of the engine.

Abstract: A system and method for heating a hot cargo on a watergoing vessel using a heat source on another watergoing vessel. The heat may be transferred to the hot cargo via heat umbilicals configured to carry heat in a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer fluid may be circulated in a hot cargo heat exchanger configured to move heat into the hot cargo. The heat source on the another watergoing vessel may be a propulsion motor, exhaust heat, or non-propulsion heat source. The method may include heating the hot cargo. The method may also include switching between heat sources when both vessels are configured to heat the hot cargo.

Abstract: A fan shroud assembly includes a first fan shroud and a second fan shroud. The first fan shroud includes a first segment, a second segment, and a flexible, gas impermeable seal interconnecting the first and second segments. The first segment includes an annular body. The flexible, gas impermeable seal is coupled to the first segment. The second segment includes a circumferential connecting wall and a flange extending from the circumferential connecting wall. The second fan shroud is coupled to the second segment.

Abstract: A thermal control system includes a stator having conductor end turns at opposite axial ends thereof, and first and second cooling systems respectively disposed at the opposite axial stator ends, each cooling system having a cover, a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and at least one cooling channel. Thermally conductive potting compound thermally mates the cooling systems with the end turns. A method of cooling end turns includes providing a cooling system for each axial end of the stator, each cooling system having at least one cooling channel that includes a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, and thermally mating each cooling system to the respective end turns. A method of cooling end turns includes providing separate cooling systems in each axial end plate of an electric machine, and filling space within the end turns, and between the end turns and the cooling systems, with thermally conductive potting compound.

Abstract: A heat exchanger apparatus is disposed within a first pathway along which a first fluid flows. The heat exchanger apparatus includes a component disposed in the first pathway and the component includes heat transfer surfaces. Each heat transfer surface includes a central body, an outer body surrounding the central body and intermediate bodies extending between the central body and the outer body. The heat transfer surfaces are arranged together such that the central bodies, the outer bodies and the intermediate bodies of each heat transfer surface form at least one or more second pathways along which a second fluid flows and such that the outer bodies of each heat transfer surface form a component surface disposed to contact the first and second fluids.

Abstract: A vehicle thermal management system is provided that includes two or more heat exchangers configured in a non-stacked arrangement, where separate air inlets corresponding to each of the heat exchangers allow a direct intake of ambient air. Active louver systems consisting of sets of adjustable louvers and a control actuator are used to control and regulate air flowing directly into one or more of the heat exchangers, where the adjustable louvers are either adjustable between two positions, i.e., opened and closed, or adjustable over a range of positions. Air ducts may be used to couple the output from one heat exchanger to the input of a different heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanging apparatus comprises a first heat exchanger, oil cooler, arranged to allow ambient air to pass therethrough and a second heat exchanger, radiator, adjacent the first heat exchanger and arranged to allow air exiting the first heat exchanger to pass therethrough. The apparatus further comprises a third heat exchanger comprising two or more interconnected heat exchanging cores, charge air coolers. Each core is arranged to allow ambient air to pass therethrough.

Abstract: A system includes a mode module and an energy module. The mode module generates a mode signal based on a temperature of an engine and at least one of a deceleration signal and a regenerative braking signal. The energy module, based on the mode signal, increases cooling of a coolant of the engine during at least one of a deceleration event of a vehicle and a regenerative braking event. The energy module, while increasing the cooling of the coolant, supplies an overvoltage to a cooling pump of the engine.

Abstract: A vehicular air conditioning apparatus is equipped with a casing having respective air passages therein, and first and second blower units are connected to the casing. Further, the casing is constituted by first and second divided casings. In addition, air is supplied to the interior of the casing from the first and second blower units. Moisture, which is generated when the air is cooled by an evaporator, is guided to forward bottom surfaces of the first and second divided casings and the moisture is discharged to the exterior from first drain ports disposed at terminal end positions of inclined surfaces that decline gradually toward opposite sides of the casing.

Abstract: An air conditioning system is provided, particularly for a vehicle having a main air conditioning unit, an auxiliary air conditioning unit, wherein both the main air conditioning unit and the auxiliary air conditioning unit contain a blower, an evaporator and a heater core, a cold pass is attached to the evaporator, a hot pass is affiliated to the heater core and the cold pass is separated from the hot pass by at least one temperature door. By an air conditioning system, especially for a vehicle, which uses the conditioned air in the vehicle cabin for engine cooling, an additional pass is arranged before the heater core in the auxiliary air conditioning unit wherein said hot pass ends in a body exhauster during the cooling mode of said auxiliary air conditioning unit.

Abstract: An elastically deployable three-dimensional panel structure for a solar array that can be collapsed to a flattened state and subsequently rolled, bended, or folded to achieve a compact stowage volume. The panel structure has top facing planar surface region on which one or more photovoltaic modules are attached, and other non-planar regions, located at the structure edges, that increase the deployed stiffness and strength of the structure. The deployable structure may include one or more panel structure modules mechanically interconnected in series and one or more photovoltaic modules electrically interconnected and mechanically adhered to the panel structure surface or tensioned within an openings within in the panel structure. Structural deployment is motivated by the elastic strain energy of the one or more panel structures from their stowed state. Deployment control is provided to ensure a known and repeatable deployment path through interlocking strips attached to one or more panel structures.

Abstract: A large area, deployable flexible blanket photovoltaic solar array architecture for high power applications is disclosed. The structure is a modularized and scalable solar array system that provides high power level scalability. The structure is comprised of repeating, similar modular deployable roll-out solar array wings mounted in an opposing manner and along the length of a rigid, strong and efficiently packaged deployable backbone structure. The deployable roll-out solar array building block modular “winglet” elements can be comprised of either a rolled or z-folded flexible photovoltaic blanket configuration, and their structural deployment is motivated by the elastic strain energy of longitudinal roll-out booms. The backbone structure is comprised of a stiff deployable beam structure articulated that is deployed perpendicular with respect to the spacecraft sidewall and latched out.

Abstract: An automated vehicle sunshade system includes a roller on which is mounted shield material. A motor opens the shield material so as to block sunlight entering a vehicle through a window.

Abstract: An air conditioner is provided. A location of, an angle between, or a distance between, a heat exchanger and a blower may be varied based on whether or not the air conditioner is operating. A number of drivers for moving the heat exchanger and/or the blower may be reduced and reliability of the driver be enhanced. Size of the air conditioner may be reduced, and efficiency may be improved.

Abstract: Disclosed is a front-end module of a vehicle, including a vehicle front-end element which has at least one fresh air opening, an air channel which connects the fresh air opening with an engine compartment of the vehicle, a heat exchanger of a vehicle air-conditioning system, the heat exchanger being arranged in the air channel and being adapted for air to flow through it and being adapted to be selectively employed as a refrigerant condenser or a refrigerant evaporator, and a fan arranged in the air channel for acting upon the heat exchanger with air, the fan being configured to be reversible and, in a first operating mode, delivering fresh air from the fresh air opening toward the engine compartment and, in a second operating mode, delivering air from the engine compartment Toward the fresh air opening.

Abstract: A debris passage for a cooling box of a work vehicle. Airflow is provided into the cooling box from the exterior environment. A plurality of heat exchangers transfer heat into the airflow. The debris passage is defined between opposing heat exchangers to permit debris to pass from the airflow to the exterior of the cooling box. In one embodiment, the debris passage is underneath an air mover and is substantially vertical.

Abstract: A construction machine includes: a lower propelling body; and an upper slewing body which is slewably mounted on the lower propelling body. The upper slewing body includes: an engine room provided with an intake opening and a discharge opening; a duct provided in the engine room so as to communicate with the discharge opening; and an exhaust gas pipe which guides exhaust gas discharged from the engine into the duct. The discharge opening and an outlet of the duct are open downward from the engine room. A portion on a distal end side of the exhaust gas pipe is inserted into the duct. The duct and the exhaust gas pipe are configured to cause the exhaust gas to be mixed with cooled air in the duct and cause the mixture of the exhaust gas and the cooled air to be discharged downward from the discharge opening.

Abstract: An external heat exchanger and the accumulator tank are disposed in the circulation path of a heat medium. In the air conditioner for a vehicle, the external heat exchanger is disposed in a sideways position between member front ends of a pair of left and right side members, extending in the vehicle longitudinal direction, with the heat-exchanging surface facing forward in the vehicle. The accumulator tank is disposed in a front corner area that is formed in a position that is to the outside in the vehicle width direction from the member front end of one side member of the pair of left and right side members, and that is in front of a vehicle wheel house covering a front tire.

Abstract: An aircraft includes a heat exchanger between a first fluid that flows into the narrow pipes of the exchanger and that is able to contain solid elements that can melt, and, a second fluid to be cooled. The heat exchanger includes a device for preheating the first fluid upstream from the pipes of the exchanger, a number of pipes arranged in at least one plane that intersects the direction of flow of the first fluid, whereby the spacing between two adjacent pipes is suitable for retaining the solid elements of large dimensions and for allowing them to pass only when they have melted at least partially.

Abstract: A cooling module for a vehicle connected to an operating system and an air conditioning system. The cooling module may include a radiator for a stack that is disposed at a rear side based on a front/rear direction of a vehicle, a radiator for electric devices that is disposed at one side based on a width direction of a vehicle at a front side of the radiator for a stack, a first condenser that is disposed inside a header tank of the radiator for electric devices to condense refrigerant as a first condensing process, and a second condenser that is disposed at the other side based on a width direction of a vehicle at a front side of the radiator for a stack and is connected to the first condenser to condense the refrigerant that is exhausted from the first condenser as a second condensing process.

Abstract: A cooling system including a heat exchanger, an airflow containment unit, and an airflow conduit. The airflow containment unit is configured to direct airflow to and from the heat exchanger. The airflow conduit is in fluid communication with the airflow containment unit and is configured to direct airflow to the airflow containment unit from an air inlet at an exterior of the vehicle.