Abstract: In order to simplify and lower the costs of production and to facilitate installation and assembly, aluminum ceiling elements, for channelling the heat-transfer medium, each include a hose, preferably made of polyurethane, which, for the purpose of ensuring good heat transfer, is clamped between two parallel contact walls, which are respectively formed, for example, by a surface strip of a ceiling panel and the underside of a guide plate, with the result that the hose presses elastically against the two contact walls with a large part of its outer peripheral surface. The clamping action can be assisted by providing a slight super-atmospheric pressure in the heat transfer medium. A slit, through which the hose can be drawn into the groove, is left between the border of the guide plate and the ceiling panel.

Abstract: In radiant floor, wall and/or ceiling hydronic heating and/or cooling systems using metal radiation plates that are heated or cooled by attached tubing that is fed hot or cold water, where the system includes a plurality of aligned modular heating and/or cooling panels attached to the floor, wall and ceiling, each panel containing a metal radiation plate and each holds a length of the same tubing, the tubing being inserted into an accommodation in the panel and held therein in intimate thermal contact with the plate, and the assembly of panels with tubing inserted is covered with a finished floor, wall or ceiling and then hot water for heating or cold water for cooling is fed to the tubing, a thermal barrier is provided between the panels and the finished floor, wall or ceiling to: diminish or eliminate "hot spots" in the surface of the finished flooring, wall covering and ceiling covering during heating and "cold spots" during cooling; avoid condensation during cooling; and improve performance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heater (1) for use in a room of a dwelling, preferably with a convection surface (3) and, in the case, for example, of a hot-water heater, with a water tank with an inlet and an outlet aperture. To obtain a design more advantageous concerning the use, the heater according to the invention has a separate closed storage chamber (7) containing a latent heat storage medium (8), the storage chamber (7) being heatable by radiation, convection or electrically.

Abstract: A method of installing piping of a floor heating apparatus according to the present invention relates to a method of installing a floor heating apparatus in which pipes for circulating heat medium liquid are located on a floor base structure and they are covered with a flowable floor substrate material. After an adhesive is applied on a surface of the floor base structure, a tube assembly is positioned on said adhesive so that the lower face of a base plate of the tube assembly is bonded to said floor base structure by means of said adhesive, the tube assembly having a plurality of tubes made of an elastic material and said base plate made of the elastic material which integrally carries said tubes. A self-leveling material is poured and extended on the tube assembly. According to such a construction method, a number of floor heating pipes can be quickly and simply installed on a floor surface and a density of installation of floor heating pipes can be relatively readily increased.

Abstract: A ceiling element for a heating and cooling ceiling, having a pipe (3) and a ceiling panel (1), comprises, for the purpose of producing good heat-conducting contact between these parts, a contact element (4), which is formed by bending sheet metal, consisting, for example, of a copper alloy, and a guide channel (5) which is open at the bottom and by means of which the contact element is snap-fitted onto the pipe (3). Provided on each of the two side borders of the contact element (4) is a row of contact fingers (6) which are produced by punching or chemical milling, are designed as thin elastically deformable strips, project downwards and outwards, fit snugly against the upper side of the ceiling panel (1) in each case and rest closely up against said ceiling panel even if it has irregularities.

Abstract: A roof construction includes spaced apart corrugated sheets held in spaced relationship by a plurality of spacers, the corrugated sheets both including apertures for dissipating heat contained in the hot air between the sheets into atmosphere and for guiding hot air from below the lower sheet into the space between the sheets for ultimate expansion and discharge into atmosphere. The apertures may be offset to prevent flow of moisture directly through the apertures and other devices may be utilized to prevent direct flow of moisture into the space below the roof assembly.

Abstract: In a radiation type air conditioning system for cooling or heating fluid such as air or refrigerant through heat exchange and supplying the cooled or heated fluid into a radiant panel to radiatively cool or heat a room, the air is cooled by a heat exchanger (evaporator), and the cooled air is supplied onto the radiation face of the radiant panel by a fan to prevent dew condensation on the radiation face of the radiant panel. If the air which is cooled and dried by the evaporator is heated by a heater when it is supplied onto the radiation face of the radiant panel, the dew condensation preventing effect can be enhanced. Further, plural through holes are formed in the radiation panel and the cooled air is blown out onto the radiation face through the through holes, so that the dew condensation preventing effect can be enhanced.

Abstract: A suspended ceiling (C) comprises one or more panels (P) containing water (W) arranged so that the water is in contact with substantially all of the lower surface (10) of the panels (P).

Abstract: The invention provides a heat exchanger mat, comprising a twin-duct manifold having a duct member comprised of an inlet duct and an outlet duct, a tube-socket member fixedly and fluid-tightly attached to the duct member, and a return manifold having a deflector member and a tube-socket member fixedly and fluid-tightly attached to one another. The mat also includes a plurality of tubes for circulation of a heat-exchanging liquid medium, each tube fixedly and fluid-tightly joined at one of its ends to the tube-socket member of the twin-duct manifold and at the other one of its ends to the tube-socket member of the return manifold. One end of each odd-numbered one of the tubes communicates via at least one aperture with one of the twin ducts, and one end of each even-numbered one of the tubes communicates via at least one other aperture with the other one of the twin ducts, and the other ends of all of the tubes communicate with the return manifold.

Abstract: An underfloor cooling system for cooling a building structure has tubing located in or under a massive floor of the structure for circulating water through the system. The water is directed through a cooling means connected to the tubing to cool the water. The cool water is then returned to the tubing to cool the massive floor and passively cool the structure. The cooling means may be a direct evaporative cooler or an evaporative radiative roof spray system. The cooling means may be located outdoors. The system may additionally include active cooling delivery such as at least one fan coil or at least one hydronic panel, through which cool water from the underfloor tubing is circulated to provide cool air to the structure.

Abstract: A passive temperature regulating system (2) for heating and cooling a structure (8) exposed to extreme temperatures. The system comprises a thermally conductive exterior wall, such as a roof (6), having corrugations (16) formed therein. A plurality of plastic containers (4) each have a body portion (30) filled with liquid, such as water, and an elongated heat exchanger portion (28) attached to the exterior wall within one of the corrugations. The heat exchanger portion has a conduit in communication with the body via two tubes (44, 46) so that the water can flow vertically between the heat exchanger portion and the body. When the containers are attached to the exterior wall, the water in the heat exchanger portion exchanges heat with the ambient environment through the exterior wall and the water in the body modifies the temperature of the interior of the structure.

Abstract: An extruded aluminum radiant heat transfer plate includes an integral elongated receptacle for holding and confining a plastic tubing. The aluminum radiant heat transfer plate is extruded to provide heat transfer side edges in the form of thin-walled fins running the length of the extrusion. Between the fins, the extrusion provides the elongated receptacle for the plastic tubing. The receptacle can take the form of a "C" (as it appears in cross section) that stands above the plane of the heat transfer fins. The receptacle, alternately, can take the form of a "U" (as it appears in cross section), the legs of which integrally connect to the fins.

Abstract: An earth coupled, thermal barrier system of the invention has thermal panels for ceilings, floors, windows and walls; an air treatment unit to precondition the air and an earth coupled heat exchanger. The air treatment unit contains a preconditioning coil, a humidification unit with a humidifier and/or a dehumidifier, an impeller motor and an impeller. A pump circulates cooling and heating fluid through conduits that interconnect the thermal panels and the preconditioning coil to an earth coupled heat exchanger.

Abstract: The invention relates to a heating and cooling arrangement with which the occurrence of sweat water at particular sites can be prevented. To this end a carrier is provided in which is disposed a pipe or tube system which transports a heating or cooling fluid. The temperature of the cooling fluid is given off to the carrier and radiated into the room. Below the carrier is located a sweat water channel connected mechanically with this carrier. In order to achieve a thermal separation between carrier and channel a heat resistance with a given heat insulation value is provided between the two or the channel is layed out so that it has on its underside a thermal insulator.

Abstract: A method of heat exchange comprises advancing energy-carrying medium in a channel system comprising channel-part lengths (1) which extend in side-by-side mutually parallel relationship, such as hose parts (1), and substantially sheet-like or slab-like base parts (2) which support the channel parts. The method is mainly characterized by supporting and holding channel parts (1) with the aid of at least one pre-fabricated sheet or slab (2) of heat-insulating material, such as so-called cellular plastic material, and by inserting the channel parts (1) into locking grooves (3, 4) included in the slab or sheet, the width of locking grooves, when appropriate, being preferably slightly smaller than the width of a channel part, in appropriate cases the diameter of the channel part. The invention also relates to an arrangement for carrying out the method.

Abstract: An insulating, substantially rectilinear, laminated building panel containing a reflective outer layer, an intermediate shatter shield, and an inner insulating layer. The inner insulating layer consists essentially of soda-lime glass, and it contains at least three evacuated chambers with reflective interior surfaces.

Abstract: A rollable heat exchanger includes parallel fluid-carrying passageways which are connected with each other by elastic webs. Attached to the passageways-near side of the webs is a filler material which flatly covers the passageways and is of flexible, elastic composition so as to allow coiling of the heat exchanger. Thus, the heat exchanger can be used for a wide range of applications, in particular for covering a surface and/or bridging hollow spaces, especially sporting surfaces and recreational surfaces.

Abstract: An air conditioning system in accordance with the present invention is disclosed which has a radiation plate including a radiation surface facing a room area. A column of air that is either cooled or heated by a heat exchanger in an indoor unit of the present air conditioning system, is directed to flow along the radiation surface of the radiation plate. The room area is then either cooled or heated by radiant energy using the radiation properties of the radiation surface.

Abstract: A radiative-type air-conditioning unit capable of being freely moved to and set in different positions, and used to deal with the problems concerning the unevenly distributed heat loads in a closed office in which a plurality of office automation (OA) machines are installed. This radiation air-conditioner consists of a radiation endothermic/radiating plate including a radiation generating surface (21) formed on one side surface of a panel (20), a plurality of thermoelectric elements (22) attached to the other side surface of the panel (20), and a plurality of heat exchanger means (25) attached to the other surfaces of these thermoelectric elements (22). Accordingly, noise does not occur in this radiation air-conditioner, and maintenance work therefor is substantially not required. Since this radiation air-conditioner can be installed in a small space owing to its small weight and thickness and compact structure, it is used very extensively.

Abstract: A heat pump type apparatus with an air heating mode which heats a whole space using an internal heat-exchanger, a floor heating mode which heats the floor around the space using a floor heating panel, and a combined use of both type heating. In the combined use mode, the apparatus compensates the desired preset room temperature by a specified value in response to the results of a comparison of an actual floor temperature and a desired preset floor temperature.

Abstract: A heat pipe unit comprising a relatively thin box-shaped panel body in which coolant is charged, a heat-transfer pipe provided in an upper area in the panel body in which cooling fluid is fed and a device for guiding to an inner wall of the panel body the coolant liquified by the heat-transfer pipe.

Abstract: A modular temperature controlling panel for location adjacent a rear side of a room surface and between spaced penetrable structural framing members for supporting the room surface includes: an insulating core having a contact surface for location adjacent the room surface and a non-contact surface opposite the room surface; a linear thermal source recessed within the core on the contact surface; a metallic sheet on the contact surface of the core for contacting the linear thermal source; and a spring retention device on the non-contact surface of the core for securing the core between the spaced framing members and for urging the contact surface towards the room surface.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel counter flow tube-manifold heat exchanger which can be installed in a wood or concrete floor and used to heat the floor and the earth space associated with the floor. A heat exchanger for conveying a heat containing fluid material in counter flow pattern comprising a hollow conduit comprised of three hollow elongated resillient fluid conducting tubes which are disposed parallel to and are joined to one another; and a first hollow elongated manifold with ports therein; and a second hollow elongated manifold, with ports therein adapted for connection with the ends of the tubes, the first ends of two of the three tubes being connected to the ports of the first manifold and the opposite ends of the same two tubes being connected to ports of the second manifolds, and the first end of the third tube adjacent the first ends of the two tubes being connected to a port of the second manifold, while the opposite end of the third tube is connected to a port of the first manifold.

Abstract: A plate-shaped heating element, in particular for floor heating, consists of two plates of synthetic material defining a hollow space. Spacing elements are provided between the plates in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the plates, the spacing elements uniting the two plates. The spacing elements are arranged so as to form a first row along a first straight line, said first straight line being an extension of the axis of the joining element. All other spacing elements form further rows, said rows being provided along straight lines which again are provided parallel to the first straight line.

Abstract: The present invention provides, as one embodiment thereof, a hot water heat panel which includes a wooden board; a wooden frame fixed onto the wooden board; a grid-like support unit having a number of compartments standing normal to the surface of the wooden board within the wooden frame; a plurality of parallel grooves extending from one of the side edges of the wooden frame to another opposing thereto, so as to pass through the surface of the support unit and the surface of the wooden frame continuous therewith, the grooves being suitable for receiving a hot water pipe; an undulated metallic plate fixed to the wooden frame so as to continuously cover the surface of the wooden frame, the surfaces of the grooves and the surface of the gridlike support unit.

Abstract: A ceiling construction comprising a frame built out of longitudinal girders 1 and cross girders 2 connected to the longitudinal girders. Tiles 3 are suspended in fields defined by the frames. Heat-exchanger elements 4 are arranged above the tiles 3. In order to assure that an as good as possible heat transfer between the heat-exchanger elements 4 and the tiles 3 is guaranteed, the tiles are mounted according to the invention on the heat-exchanger elements by means of holding magnets 8.

Abstract: A surface heating element for placement on a sub-floor and for making a heatable hollow space floor includes a plastic sheet having deep drawn protuberances forming spacers strengthened by ceramic support bodies or by a hardened finish material. The same sheet, or a second sheet connected to it, forms a carrier plate for carrying hot water tubes or other heating elements. The carrier plate may include deep drawn dogs, extending in a direction opposite to the protuberances, for holding the heating elements to the carrier plate; and a hardened finish material may be used to embed the heating elements.

Abstract: System for tempering spaces of a building with ceiling or wall constructions of metal or nonmetallic parts which are fastened to the supporting or nonsupporting wall or ceiling of spaces, in which by a heat transport medium conducted through the ceiling or wall construction the parts of the construction facing the interior space of the building are tempered. On at least one pipeline (1) conducting the heat transport medium there are arranged several heat transfer profiles (2), heating conducting, preferably with clamping effect, metallically conducting or in one piece, the effective radiation and convection surface of which is greater than the wall or ceiling surface covered by the system.

Abstract: Self-supporting raised floor plates of flat construction, with an outside wrapper consisting of a flat metal shell which is open at the top for a mineral, age-hardenable filler material, for instance anhydrite, are known. However, with such raised floor plates of flat construction, the embedding of an electric heating line in the layer of mineral material so that the heating line is found without interference in the statically neutral zone of the raised floor plate is problematic. The invention overcomes this problem in that the heating line is fastened to holders arranged over the bottom of the shell. These holders are fastened by clamping by means of a plug-like member in selected anchoring openings in the bottom of the shell. The heating line is clipped or respectively snapped into slots in the head segments of the holders.

Abstract: A heating soft floor mat is described comprising a base sheet composed of a thermoplastic resin foamed article as a heat insulating layer having meanderingly formed thereon grooves for conduits, conduits for heating medium disposed in the grooves, and cover material having flexibility covering the surface side thereof, wherein the thermoplastic resin foamed article is a crosslinked polyethylene foamed article containing closed cells having a degree of expansion of from 10 to 40 and the conduits are composed of low density crosslinked polyethylene having a density of less than 0.910 g/cm.sup.3.

Abstract: A low mass hydronic radiant floor heating system for heating a room by circulating a liquid includes a metal deck having a plurality of regularly spaced troughs to provide structural strength. The deck is adapted to be secured directly to a plurality of floor joists. Tubing is placed in the troughs to distribute heat by circulating warm liquid through the tubing. The troughs of the metal deck support structural floor loads while providing a housing for the tubing. Flat portions of the deck between the troughs distribute heat laterally.

Abstract: A linear panel unit for use on walls or ceilings capable of providing radiant heating and/or cooling. The panels have an external panel shell, which itself can be used as a passive panel, an extruded aluminum radiator panel resting in the shell with outward side in contact with the shell and an inward side in contact with a copper tube capable of containing fluids of varying temperature. Clips between bilateral troughs in the sidewall of the panel shell and the inward side of the radiator panel secure contact between rediator panel and the shell. The copper tube is grasped by projecting channel walls in the inward side of the radiator panel which also are tapered to facilitate positioning of the clips and a groove near the intersection with the radiator panel to secure placement of the clip. A panel unit wall or ceiling is created by interspersing radiant linear panels with identically appearing passive panel shells, the copper tubes of the active radiant panel units communicating with one another.

Abstract: System for controlling the temperature of rooms of a building by frame elements consisting of metal uprights and cross-beams, for example for building openings, such as windows and doors, in which with fluid conducted in a pipe line (1) running through the hollow interior space of the uprights and cross-beams, the faces facing the interior of the building of the frame elements are controlled in temperature by indirect heat transfer. The indirect heat transfer occurs between the pipe lines (1) and the heat transfer profiles (5) formed by the frame elements by engagement of the pipe line (1) on heat conducting contact surfaces (6) which are connected in one piece over crosspieces (7) for heat conduction with the heat transfer profile (5).

Abstract: A linear radiant ceiling panel and method of manufacturing and providing a plurality of elongated, extruded panels located in spaced relationship and comprising an extruded aluminum plate member having a saddle adapted to receive and hold a copper tube having heat conducting fluid circulating therein. The extruded plates have channels on each side of the saddle to receive a fastener and connect the plates to a supporting grid structure in a room. The side margins of the channel are adapted to connect with a removable linear sheet metal member which is a thin piece of metal that connects to the outer surface of the extruded sheet to provide an attractive, replaceable ceiling component exposed to the interior of a room.

Abstract: A liquid surface-heating arrangement for heating floors is comprised of a plurality of heating tubes arranged and secured in relatively wide longitudinal passages formed as recesses in heat-isolating elements which form the primary layer of the floor. The heating tubes are arranged in the longitudinal passages so that they do not project upwardly from the upper surface of the heat-isolating elements and upon the application of the floor finish onto the floor primary layer all the channels receiving the tubes are entirely filled with the finish.

Abstract: The system for controlling the temperature of a room, which comprises at least one duct provided in a surface of the room, especially in the floor, and at least one temperature-controlling device extending in this duct whereby the air can be circulated through this duct, provides for at least one baffle (3) in the duct (4) which deflects or diverts the air from its main direction of flow defined by the connection of the intake opening with the discharge opening. The duct (4) can be limited on the side facing the room by a covering made of heat-conducting or heat-retaining material. In a particularly suitable embodiment the temperature-controlling device (1) is disposed in the duct (4) in the form of a cable or hose; its outside diameter--or the outside diameter of a heat-conducting plate (27, 27') which preferably encompasses the device at least partly and which is in particular at least partially black--is slightly larger than the distance between the alignments of the baffles (3).

Abstract: A double floor with framed floor plates of heat-conductive and/or heat storage materials, particularly a mineral material such as anhydrite in a metal vat-shaped outer armature. A system of pipes carrying a heating or cooling medium is held in heat-conductive contact with the bottom surfaces of the framed floor plates.

Abstract: A thermal energy device is disclosed and generally includes one or more collector means for receiving and storing thermal energy, movable thermal reflector means, fixed thermal reflector means, and actuation apparatus for rotating the movable thermal reflector means about said collector means. The movable thermal reflector means preferably include thermal insulation means for preventing undesirable heat gain or loss and are rotated between a first position wherein the reflector means are positioned between the collector means and the interior of a building structure and function to reflect and concentrate exterior ambient thermal energy on to the collectors for storage therein. The movable thermal reflector means is also rotatable to a second position generally between the collector means and the exterior of the building structure in order to reflect and disperse previously-stored thermal energy from said collector means into the interior of a building structure.

Abstract: A device for controlling the temperature of rooms in a building comprising curtain walls having a skeleton made up of columns and horizontal members to which facade elements and, if required, window surfaces are secured so as to be substantially free from heat bridges, comprising a temperature-control facility substantially in the form of a pipeline system in which a heat transfer fluid flows, said pipeline system being constructed and arranged to dispose inside the room and adjacent the skeleton of columns and horizontal members and relative to the skeleton so as to produce a thermal coupling between the skeleton and the temperature control facility. In certain applications the temperature control facility is disposed at a relatively short distance from and in facing relation to the skeleton in an arrangement producing a close radiation coupling between the skeleton and the temperature control facility.

Abstract: The invention provides a complete heating system for large buildings in which waste process gas is circulated around a loop of duct which is above the space to be heated and radiates downwardly in said space. Purging and diluting air supplies into and from the duct are provided, and also separate input means for use when process gas is unavailable or unsuitable.

Abstract: In a building having a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system, exterior walls and at least one story having a true ceiling, a suspended ceiling, and lighting fixtures occupying openings in the suspended ceiling, the true and suspended ceilings being vertically spaced thereby to form a plenum, the improvement is provided comprising means partitioning the plenum into an interior plenum forming a return air plenum for the system and at least one perimeter plenum, the exterior walls forming the periphery of the at least one perimeter plenum and the at least one perimeter plenum surrounding the return air plenum. In another embodiment, the improvement comprises thermally insulating material forming an interior area of the suspended ceiling and relatively thermally transmissive material forming a perimeter area of the suspended ceiling, the exterior walls forming the periphery of said perimeter area and said perimeter area surrounding the interior area.

Abstract: A heat exchange assembly such as for a solar roof comprises a pipe carried by a carrier plate and held thereto by suitable holding means. The carrier plate and/or the holding means have openings, each opening having a jagged edge portion projecting perpendicularly to the surface of the component in which it is formed. The jagged edge of each opening is partially embedded into the other component and material from that other component is engaged into the opening to form a rivet head-like configuration thereby to anchor the two components securely together.

Abstract: Heat is transferred to and from a building having a stack or other group of containers for thermal storage mass, arranged to be illuminated directly or indirectly by sunlight, via a frontally spaced sun swept glazing system. A connection path is established through the glazing to module space and a shade system is provided for modulating heat transfer. For cooling, warmest water may be removed from the modules, spray cooled and circulated back to coolest modules. Designs for field-erectable modules are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and means for interconnecting (a) a pair of headers for circulating inflow and outflow fluids such as a heat exchange liquid with (b) first and second extended flexible tube mats formed of a plurality of tubes cojoined side-by-side with the end portions thereof separated from one another.

Abstract: Solar collectors whose absorbers are made of a conventional building material form the outer surface of the roof and wall of a building. Air flows behind the absorbers and heat is transferred to the air by expanded metal conductors which extend from adjacent the outside surfaces of the absorbers into the flow passages. Heat from the collectors is stored in a system including a cold tank of liquid, a heat tank of liquid at a higher temperature, and a hot water tank of liquid at an even higher temperature. A heat pump may transfer heat from the cold tank to the heat tank and from the heat tank to the hot water tank. Cold and heat exchangers are provided in each tank for receiving heated air from the collectors and transferring heat therefrom to the liquid in the tank; and the exchangers in the cold and heat tanks transfer heat between the liquid in the tanks and air from or to the building. Air flows to and from the collectors, tanks, and buildings in ducts formed by the floor and roof beams and wall slabs.

Abstract: A shaped mounting module for a liquid-type panel heating system is provided on which a heater pipe is mounted by means of discrete holder devices. In one embodiment, the panel is provided with a grid of flanges for supporting the heater pipe above the surface of the panel. In another embodiment, the panel is provided with a plurality of protrusions having their upper surfaces approximately level with the top of the mounted heater pipe to form a plurality of intersecting channels through which the heater pipe passes. Each of the holder devices has a plurality of opposite paired axially symmetrical openings formed by a plurality of axial symmetrical fingers having recesses therebetween. The heater pipe is either pressed into or passed through a selected pair of openings during assembly of the heating system. The holder devices are affixed to the panel either during the panel forming process or by adhesive bonding of the base into circular depressions on the panel during assembly of the heating system.

Abstract: A radiant panel and method of manufacturing which provides a panel construction for absorbing and emitting heat and including an extruded sheet member having a front surface and a back with the back having extruded upstanding saddles providing a concave shape adapted to receive a copper tube. A heat conducting adhesive is used to bond the copper tube to the saddle and also improve heat transfer characteristics between two members. The back surface of the panel also includes pairs of extruded channels located on each side of corresponding saddle and extending parallel therewith. A crossbrace is located transverse to the channels and held securely in place by fasteners which extend through the crossbrace and into the channels to urge the copper tube into each saddle and hold adjacent panels in a plane to provide a continuous, smooth-appearing surface on the interior of a room.

Abstract: A hot water surface heating device that includes a plurality of coupled individually-prefabricated, plate-like assemblies, each of which includes a base plate, a cover plate and at least one plastic pipe disposed between the base plate and the cover plate. The plates each having a reinforcing layer and an inner surface opposing the inner surface of the other plate provided with at least one channel for the partial receipt therein of the pipe. The heating device is extremely thin and is especially suitable for installation in old buildings.

Abstract: A heat exchanger adapted particularly for use in embedded radiant heating systems and including a plurality of webbed tube mats and associated manifolds, wherein the webs are separated from their adjacent tubes along tear lines at at least two longitudinally spaced portions of the mat.

Abstract: In a building having a heating, ventilation and air conditioning system, exterior walls and at least one story having a true ceiling, a suspended ceiling, and lighting fixtures occupying openings in the suspended ceiling, the true and suspended ceilings being vertically spaced thereby to form a plenum, the improvement is provided comprising means partitioning the plenum into an interior plenum forming a return air plenum for the system and at least one perimeter plenum, the exterior walls forming the periphery of the at least one perimeter plenum and the at least one perimeter plenum surrounding the return air plenum. In another embodiment, the improvement comprises thermally insulating material forming an interior area of the suspended ceiling and relatively thermally transmissive material forming a perimeter area of the suspended ceiling, the exterior walls forming the periphery of said perimeter area and said perimeter area surrounding the interior area.